上海中考英语专题冲刺专题七：回答问题-word

2019年中考英语专题冲刺（七）

“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。《说文解字》中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于《史记》，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 ------回答问题

单靠“死”记还不行,还得“活”用,姑且称之为“先死后活”吧。让学生把一周看到或听到的新鲜事记下来,摒弃那些假话套话空话,写出自己的真情实感,篇幅可长可短,并要求运用积累的成语、名言警句等,定期检查点评,选择优秀篇目在班里朗读或展出。这样,即巩固了所学的材料,又锻炼了学生的写作能力,同时还培养了学生的观察能力、思维能力等等,达到“一石多鸟”的效果。 【解题步骤和技巧】

1. 与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问《示侄孙伯安》诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 通读全文：

做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。

2. 按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案：

认真阅读问题，充分理解问题，准确理解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问。

3. 简练作答：

在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确 的英语表达出来。注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写 等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬。

4. 认真核查：

完成所填的答案以后，再将原短文和补全后的短文或句子放在一起,审读一遍，上下对比参照，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写 等错误，另外还有一点也要注意：如果对字数有要求, 是否符合要求。

5. 答案形式要符合提问方式：

不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。如原文中提问方式为“why”，那么就要用“because”引导的从句来回答。具体如下：

【回答问题注意】

1） 用How提问，回答要以by开头

A. How did the judge solve the student’s problem?

B. (The judge solved the problem) By making the restaurant owner hear the sound of the falling coins.

2) 用where/when提问， 要以介词in/ on/ at或其他表示地点、时间的介词作为开头

A. Where did the student live?

B. In a small room near a restaurant

A When did Eppie Lederer begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times?

B In 1955. (or: After she won a contest.)

3) 用how many提问，要注意数字前是否有限定词more than/ at least/about等。

A How many readers do the two columns have?

B Nearly 200 million readers (around the world).

4） 用why提问，要以because(of) 开头回答, 或者以To do开头回答。

A Why did the student feel afraid?

B Because the judge said he was wrong / he had only a few coins/ he had no money.

A． Why did Lederer ask her readers to write letters to The U.S. Congress?

B. To make them pass the law.

5）用whom提问，要以介词with/by等回答。

A．Whom did Sam live with in the Wild Catskill Mountains?

B． He lived with himself.

6）How long提问时要注意区分在现在完成时态中要用for+一段时间（since+时间点）开头回答，其他则直接回答。

A How long have you stayed in Shanghai? B. For 3 years.

A. How long did it take you to go to school by bus? B. 3 hours.

7) 注意回答时态：

A． How was the food in the restaurant?

B． The food was delicious/good.

8）反义疑问句：

Example 1. Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs, don’t they?

步骤： A. 去掉反义部分（即don’t they）

B. 把前半部分的陈述句改为疑问句，即

Do both Eppei Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs?

C. 可以正常回答了。

Example 2 The student wasn’t happy living in the small room, was he?

步骤：A. 去掉反义部分（即was they）

B. 把前半部分的否定句改为肯定句，即

The student was happy living in the

small room.

C. 再把肯定句改为疑问句，即Was the student happy living in the small room

D. 可以正常回答了。

9）选择疑问句：

Based on her speaking, how do we stay young, to laugh or to cry?

回答时，不以yes/no开头，直接选择其中一项回答，

即 We stay young to laugh.

10） 主观题：

要以文章中心思想为基础，通常看文章最后一段的意思，再用自己话概述

A． As a teenager, will you run away from home? Why?

B Because this was just the kind of forest he always dreamed about

Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题)：

I lost my childhood to Harry Potter.

---Tom Felton

After nearly ten years, the Harry Potter bandwagon (热潮) is going to end. And for the young stars who have spent half their lives filming the movie, the pain of saying goodbye could not be greater. But there are several things Tom Felton---also known as Harry's school nemesis (复仇者) Draco Malfoy --- is looking forward to. And from the moment you see him, it is clear why.

"For the past ten years we haven't had much free time to do other things. I certainly haven't had much free time to keep my own hair color, or lie in the sun, or do anything with only a little danger like skiing. It was nice to go on holiday and not have to make up on the SPF50 and sit under an umbrella with three caps on," Tom said.

For all the fame and wealth that Harry Potter has brought its young stars, there have been plenty of downsides, too.

Tom is now 23 but talks like he is ten years older, and his co-stars have been working since they were young children. And while he says he has no regrets about being in the movies, he also says that at the same time he had to grow up fast.

"One thing that people keep on saying to me is that the wealth and the fame must have made up fax missing out on my childhood," he says. "But the idea of money ---putting a price on your childhood--- is ridiculous (可笑的). You will never get those years back. Don't you think you can put a price on them?"

"And to me, fame is not a positive thing. The idea of being famous is a lot better than the reality."

The youngest of four brothers brought up in a middle-class home in Epsom, Surrey, he honestly says that no one in the family knew what to do with all the money he was making. His mother invested some of it in property (不动产) but told him the rest was his to do with what he wanted.

93. Who is Tom Felton known as in the film Harry Potter?

94. How long has Tom Felton spent filming Harry Potter?

95. What couldn't Tom do while he was an actor in a film?

96. Why did Tom think putting a price on his childhood was ridiculous?

97. Tom's mother invested all of his money in property, didn't she?

98. What have you learned from Tom's childhood experience?

93. Harry's school nemesis, Draco Malfoy.

94. For nearly ten years.

95. (He couldn't do things like) keeping his own hair color, (lying in the sun or skiing. )

96. Because he thought he would never get those years back.

97. No, she didn't.

98. Being famous and rich is not always good. (Any reasonable answer is acceptable.)

【专题精炼】

Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（12分）

(A)

It was very windy when I woke up last Tuesday morning. As soon as I set off for the airport, it began to rain heavily. What a great way to start a holiday!

While I was driving to the airport, the storm got worse. Suddenly, a huge flash of lightning struck a tree. It came straight down just metres in front of my car.The fallen tree completely blocked(堵塞) the road, so I was stuck. I tried to call for help on my mobile, but the line was dead.

I was sure that I’d miss my plane, so I turned on the radio and tried to get used to the idea. Soon there was a loud knock at the window. To my surprise it was a young man in leather clothes. "Need a ride? He asked. My plane was leaving in an hour so I didn’t think twice. I took my bags, climbed carefully onto the motorcycle and shouted. "To the airport please!"

It was my first time on a motorcycle so I was badly frightened. The young man drove so fast that I kept my eyes shut all the way. Suddenly, the motorcycle came to a stop. “Here we are, sir!” he said. I looked at my watch and there were only ten minutes left. I was just in time for my flight. The young man wished me a nice trip, then quickly drove away.

104. What was the weather like when the writer woke up last Tuesday morning?

_____________________________________________________________

105. What did the writer do first after the fallen tree blocked the road?

_____________________________________________________________

106. The writer thought he would miss his plane before the young man appeared, didn’t he?

_____________________________________________________________

107. How did the writer feel when he was riding on the motorcycle?

_____________________________________________________________

108. How long did it take the young man drive the writer to the airport？

_____________________________________________________________

109. What do you think of the young man?

_____________________________________________________________

注：108题文中没有给出明确具体的时间数字，所以需要学生自己查找细节并判断出正确答案，根据文中划蓝色线的部分可进一步得出，作者在去往机场的路上将近花了50分钟，故答案为About 50 minutes.

109题属于主旨大意题，需要学生对全文进行理解和总结 ，从全文来看，作者在去机场的路上遇到了意外，在十分焦急不知所措的情况下年轻男子主动提供了帮助，一路上骑的很快帮作者及时赶上了飞机，到达目的地后只是说了祝作者旅行愉快便转身离开了，由此可以看出年轻男子的热心和乐于助人，故此题可引导学生想一些表示人的品质的形容词。如：He is warm-hearted./He is helpful.等。

(B)

I was very nervous as I waited to interview one of the most successful women of our times: Kathy Howe. I was just a young reporter and she was not only a popular singer but also a famous actress, starring in many movies.

As soon as the door opened, however; and her slim figure appeared, I immediately relaxed. She looked great, with her kind brown eyes, her excellent black hair, and her beautiful smile. I looked for bags under her eyes, but there were none. “How do you manage to look so good and live life in the fast lane at the same time?” I asked her.

She laughed, and her whole face shone. “It’s tiring to be famous. You have to work hard, be on time, and take care of yourself. Also, you have to go to Hollywood parties, be taken photos for magazines, and give interviews!”

As we talked, I found out that Kathy is a very warm and kind person, and that her family is more important to her than being a star. At the same time, she wants to do everything as well as she can, so she can sometimes seem to be hard.

When I asked her if she thought of herself as lucky, she didn’t answer immediately. Then she said, “Well, perhaps I’m lucky, but I also work very hard, and being famous had weak points, too. In fact, I’ve missed out on lots of things I really enjoy doing, like spending time with my daughter.”

I felt sad when it was time to leave, as Kathy is a wonderful woman. I have never met anyone else who has such a busy life, and still manages to look so beautiful.

104. How did the writer feel before the interview began?

105. What did Kathy Howe look like when she entered?

106. Kathy Howe thinks being famous is tiring, doesn’t she?

107. What does Kathy Howe think of her family?

108. Does Kathy Howe have much time to spend with her daughter?

109. What kind of person do you think Kathy Howe is?

注：此题为主旨大意类题目，需要学生在理解全文的基础上进一步归纳总结，文中多处对 Kathy Howeis进行了描写刻画，虽然她现在已经功成名就，但从作者对她的采访过程中表现出来的是谦 逊和一个普通人的形象，没有高傲，没有炫耀，可以引导学生总结一些形容人品质特点的词 ，如：hard-working,easy-going等。

(C)

Kyra Komac, 28 years old, now has 25 furniture stores all over the country . The new store, in London’s Camden High Street , takes her back to where it all started. She tells us about how the business began.

When I was little , my mother began selling flowers in Camden Market . She couldn’t leave me at home on my own, so I had to go to the market with her.

To begin with, I didn’t have to do anything. I just sat there , and my mum told me jokes and stories so I didn’t get bored. When I got older, I gave my mum a hand and I really enjoyed it.

Then one year, my grandma gave me a book for Christmas. It was all about making candles and I loved it. I was 14 , and I didn’t have to go to the market any more because mum could leave me at home on my own. I spent my free time making candles of all shapes and sizes. I made hundreds of them.

One day, my mother was ill so I had to go to the market on my own. I decided to take some candles with me and see if I could sell them. They were sold out in twenty minutes! The next week, my mum gave me some money to buy some wax (蜡) to make more candles. They sold out really quickly, too.

Nine months later, we decided to stop selling flowers. My mum and I couldn’t make enough candles during the week, so some of my school friends started to help us .I paid them one pound for every candle, and we used to sell them for three or four times that .It was fun and my friends worked with me in the market.

At the age of 22, my uncle lent me some money and I opened my first shop in Portobello Road . Since then , I’ve never looked back, even in difficulties. In the first store, we only sold candles, but now we sell everything from designer furniture to paintings. Oh, and candles, of course.

99. How many furniture stores does Kyra Komac have now ?

100. Where did Kyra’s mother sell flowers ?

101. What did Kyra do in her free time when she was fourteen ?

102. Did the candles sell well on the first day in the market ?

103. Who helped Kyra and her mum when they couldn’t make enough candles during the week?

104. How did Kyra’s uncle help her to open her first shop ?

He helped her

105. What do you think of this story ?

I think

注：104细节题，答案锁定在文中蓝体字部分，开始开店时资金不足，所以通过借来一部分钱得以成功地开第一家店

105主旨大意，需在理解全文的基础上进一步总结，此类题一般是回答得到的启示是什么，并且大多数情况下是积极向上的，肯定的，通过不断努力，最终获得成功，如:Where there is a will, there is a way.

(D)

Mary Donaldson is worried about her 16-year-old daughter. Sophia. Six months ago. Sophia came back from a party, upset and unhappy. From then on. she thinks of nothing but how to lose weight and become beautiful. She refuses to eat and keeps on doing exercise. Sophia had always been a little heavy, so when he decided to go on a diet, Mary encouraged her. She felt that her daughter would look more attractive if she lost 10 kilograms. However, Sophia has lost over 20 kilograms until now. Her eating and exercising habits are having a harmful effect on her health. She is too thin and is often sick.

Her mother is trying to prevent her from going on a diet and losing weight, but Sophia thinks that she is still too heavy and refuses to start eating as usual. Sophia's mind is full of the idea of looking like a model (模特). Every day she goes to a club to do exercise. When she is not there, she spends her time reading magazines like Fashion & Beauty (《时尚与美》). The models in these magazines are very thin and beautiful. Sophia says. "If I look like these models, I will be happy and all the boys will like me"

Mary doesn't know how to help her daughter. She feels sorry for having encouraged her at first, because Sophia no longer feels good or pleased with her body. She's afraid that Sophia will never be happy if she keeps comparing herself with the models in the magazines. Mary tries to tell Sophia that true beauty comes from within. Common people are not supposed to look like models. The most ordinary face becomes beautiful when the person behind it is filled with confidence (自信), wisdom and the joy of life.

99. When did Sophia decide to lose weight?

_____________________________________________________________________

100. Besides doing exercise, what else does Sophia do to lose weight?

_____________________________________________________________________

101. How much weight has Sophia lost until now?

_____________________________________________________________________

102. Did Sophia give up going on a diet after she had lost some weight?

_____________________________________________________________________

103. Where does Sophia do exercise every day?

________________________________________________________________________________

104. Why does Mary feel sorry for having encouraged her daughter to go on a diet at first?

_____________________________________________________________________

105. In your opinion, what is "true beauty"?

_______________________________________________________________________________

注：此题属于开放题，答案合理即可，仁者见仁，智者见智，美也会因人而异，但是无论何时，We shouldn’t judge a person from his look/appearance.

(E)

1. Helen Monson has always been interested in helping her community. Her first volunteer experience was for the American Red Cross when she was in high school. When she was a school teacher, she also found time to volunteer. One year, she organized a Super Saturday Fun Day for kids in the community. She also used to volunteer at the Mint Festival every year. One summer, she served food, another year she organized an art programme.

2. After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old. When her father was older, he was not able to see as well as he used to, which made her sad because he had always enjoyed reading. She decided it would be fun to read to elderly people in her community. She also helped one woman write her stories. Ann was almost 100 years old, and Helen wrote down information about her life when she visited her. She put the information in a book and got it published. Ann was very excited to share her life story with her children and her grandchildren.

3. After a hurricane(飓风) destroyed some southern cities, Helen volunteered again for the American Red Cross. She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre. She says, “I have always liked the Red Cross because the organization helps people in need no matter what.”

4. One day, Helen read an article in the newspaper about refugees(难民) who needed to learn English. Now, she meets once a week with Sahra, a 38-year-old woman, from Somalia. Sahra is living and working in a town about 30 minutes’ walk from where Helen lives. They work on reading and writing skills. Helen gave Sahra a camera and asked her to take pictures of her daily life. She developed the pictures, and then asked Sahra questions about them. In the end, they wrote a book together and used the photos in the book. This helped Sahra learn many new words about her everyday life.

5. Helen says, “The most rewarding(有益的) part of volunteer work is becoming friends with the people I help. They enrich my life as well as I enrich theirs.”

99. When was Helen’s first volunteer experience for the American Red Cross?

100. What did Helen do after she retired?

101. Why was Ann excited when her book got published?

102. Where did Helen work when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross?

103. How far is Sahra living and working from Helen’s home?

104. Did Helen help Sahra to learn English?

105. What can you learn from Helen?

注：101、104都属于细节题，要学生通过查找细节进行归纳来确定答案

105是在全文的基础上联系自身，通过作者所做的各种事你学到了什么，即启示，如：We should help with each other in daily life./Helping others can enrich our life.等。

A

104.It was(very) windy.

105.He tried to call /called for help (on his mobile phone).

106.Yes, he did.

107.He felt/was (badly)frightened.

108.(About/Around ) Fifty minutes. 109.(Any reasonable answers are acceptable.)

B

104. (He/She felt) Nervous.

105. She looked great (with kind brown eyes, excellent black hair, and beautiful smile).

106. Yes(, she does).

107. (She thinks) It is more important (to her) than being a star.

108. No(, she doesn’t)

109. She is warm/kind/famous… (Any reasonable answer is acceptable.)

C

99. 25 (furniture) stores

100. In Camden Market.

101. She made candles of all shapes and sizes. / She spent her free time making candles.

102. Yes, they did. / Yes.

103. Some of Kyra’s school friends (did).

104. By lending her some money.

105. It’s a interesting / encouraging/ inspiring/ successful story.

D

99 Six months ago

100 Sophia decides to go on a diet / reuses to ea:

101. She has lost over 20 kilograms until now,

102. No, she didn't.

103. She goes to a club to do exercise everyday.

104 Because Sophia re longer -eels good and pleased with her body

105. True beauty comes from within.

E

99. When she was in high school.

100. She started volunteering to help the old.

101. Because she shared her life story with her children and grandchildren.

102. In a care centre或She worked in a care centre.

103. It's about 30 minutes' walk.或About 30 minutes’ walk.

104. Yes, she did.

105. 这是一道开放题，只要“言之有理”即可，如：As a volunteer, we can help others and make friend with them. This also enrich our life.或We should try to help others……

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