∙ DRAMATIC ELEMENTS
Dramatic elements are essential features of every performance. Actors manipulate dramatic elements to shape and enhance meaning. They include:
Sound
Sound is created by the performer through the possible use of voice, body percussion and objects to create an effect in performance and enhance meaning. Sound may include silence or the deliberate absence of sound.
Space
Space involves the way the actor/s use/s the performance area to communicate meaning, to define settings, to represent status and to create actor–audience relationships. This may be achieved through the use of levels, proximity and depth. The use of space may be symbolic.
Symbol
Symbol is used to create meaning that is not literal. Symbol allows performers to communicate ideas and themes through words, stagecraft and expressive skills.
EXPRESSIVE SKILLS
Expressive skills are used to express and realise a character. Expressive skills may be used in different ways in different performance styles.
Voice
Focusing on projection, experimenting with verbal and vocal sounds of different pitch, tone or duration; tongue-twisters, alliteration, colouring words, emphasising verbs.
Movement
Based on Laban techniques, exploring the ways actors move through space to communicate characters
Gesture
Using the body or body parts to represent objects or creating symbols through body shape.
Facial Expression
Focusing on miming reactions to words, using exaggerated expressions to communicate meaning.
PERFORMANCE SKILLS
Performance skills are used to enhance performance and are inherent in all performances. The performance skills listed below are integrated in performance although each can be explored and developed independently.
Focus
The ability of the actor to commit to their performance and the ability to sustain character through the use of concentration. Focus can also be used to create an implied character or setting through manipulating the audience’s attention towards a specific place. The manipulation of focus can assist the actor to develop an effective actor–audience relationship.
Timing
Used to control or regulate the pace of a performance. Timing can be manipulated in drama to build dramatic tension, evoke feeling, coordinate effective synchronisation within an ensemble and develop the comic potential of a scene.
Energy
The intensity an actor brings to a performance. At different times in a performance an actor might use different levels of energy to create different dynamics.
Actor–Audience Relationship
The way in which an actor deliberately manipulates the audience’s emotions, moods and responses to the action. This can be done through the placement of the performer in relation to the audience, the way the actor addresses and engages the audience, and the emotional and intellectual response to the character’s situation. An actor–audience relationship only exists as part of an actual performance. Performing without an audience is a rehearsal and therefore part of the development process
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