2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破专题4
阅读理解专题之----写作目的题
【设问形式】
写作目的题常见设问形式：
推断写作目的题的设问题干中常有purpose, 或后面接表示目的的动词不定式，如: to, in order to, meant to
等。可以提问对整篇文章的目的，对文章某一段落或某一部分的目的，或者对某处细节的写作意图推断。比如：
1）What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?
2）What is the purpose of the ...part of the text?
3）What is the purpose of the passage?
4）What is the main purpose of ...?
5）...are mentioned in the ...paragraph to ...
......
【考查方式】
高考阅读理解推断写作目的或意图题要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不会直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章中提供的一些事实或表述来使读者信服某种观点或看法。此类题型主要考查学生对文章内容准确理解，分析和归纳总结作者阐述的问题及写作手法的能力。
推断作者写这篇文章的目的，要综合考虑文章的主旨和文章的文体：
1）写作目的与文章主旨密切相关，因此，可以用略读法，重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通过主旨来推断作者的写作目的。通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，主题句多在开头，可以快速推断出作者的写作目的。
2）作者的写作目的还和文章的文体密切相关，所以我们可以通过分析文章的文体来做出推断。
① 议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同作者的某一观点或倡导某种做法。
② 说明文的目的通常是使读者获得某种知识、提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁对某种现象或某个问题给予重视。
③ 记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，读者从中得到乐趣；如果是夹叙夹议的文章，目的一般是表达作者感悟或给读者某种启示。
④ 广告类文章作者一般是推销某种产品或服务，所以目的通常是吸引更多的顾客、游客、读者、观众等。
实战演练
【例题】
1.2017 全国卷Ⅱ B
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul - he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other - but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the test?
A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend.
C.To introduce a new movie. D.To share his acting experience.
解析：B 根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的目的是回忆以为好朋友，所以选B项。
2. 2017 全国卷1 A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacific organizer.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A.To encourage donations.
B.To advertise coming events.
C.To introduce special exhibits.
D.To tell about the Center’s history.
解析：A 根据最后一段的标题“Support Pacific Science Center”和“Visit pacific organizer.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知，本段旨在鼓励人们为太平洋科学中心的发展捐款。
【举一反三】
A
KIPP schools work closely with families to create a welcoming school environment where students can succeed. Through phone calls, emails, home visits, and parent-teacher conferences, KIPP schools regularly communicate with families about their child’s academic development to help students from educationally underserved communities develop the knowledge, skills, character, and habits needed to succeed in college and the competitive world beyond.
Enroll (注册)at a KIPP School
KIPP schools are tuition-free, public schools open to all students. To enroll your child in a KIPP school, please contact the school in your community directly by phone or email.
A safe and structured environment
Students need physical and emotional safety in order to take risks and learn from their successes and their mistakes. Our schools provide an environment with minimal distractions (干扰)and more time for academics, so our students love school and maximize their learning.
A three-way partnership
By choosing KIPP, students, parents, and teachers make a commitment to excellence. All three parties are in it together. They sign an agreement called the “Commitment to Excellence,” which ensures that each will do whatever it takes to help the student learn.
All KIPP schools share a common approach and yet every KIPP school is unique. Tour a school to better understand the culture, schedule, and curriculum.
1. Who are allowed to be admitted to KIPP schools?
A. Students from all classes.
B. Students with good talents.
C. Students from poor families.
D. Students with special education.
2. Why does KIPP offer a structured environment for students?
A. To communicate with each other.
B. To reduce parents’ worries.
C. To lengthen the time in learning.
D. To share their experience.
3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To attract tourists. B. To make a summary.
C. To introduce the school. D. To make a suggestion.
A篇【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了KIPP学校其特色，以及学校注册、环境和三方合作等方面。
1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段KIPP schools are tuition-free, public schools open to all students.可知，KIPP学校招收各阶层的学生。故选A。
2.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段Our schools provide an environment with minimal distractions (干扰)and more time for academics, so our students love school and maximize their learning.可知，KIPP学校提供约束的环境是为学生提供更多的时间在学业上。故选C。
3.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，此段建议如果想更好的了解该学校，可以到学校实地参观。故选D。
B
Nearly 20 U.S. states have started carrying out former president Barack Obama’s Clean Power Plan, which places limits on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants in an effort to reduce the impacts of climate change. The plan has been in legal limbo (边缘) for the past year. Yet scientists have now calculated another outcome of the policy: harm to crop yields (产量) if the plan is cancelled. Along with carbon pollution, coal-fired power plants spew (喷出) pollutants that form what we know as smog. The contribution of smog to increased rates of asthma (哮喘) and premature deaths was already known. The new research estimates the extent to which smog, under air-pollution policies-4n place before the Clean Power Plan, would limit production in 2020 of four major crops: corn, cotton, potatoes and soybeans.
Led by environmental engineer Shannon L. Capps, now at Drexel University, the team also sketched the extent to which those crop production losses would reduce under three nationwide scenarios (方案). One improved the efficiency of individual power plants. Another modeled a policy similar to the Obama plan, setting state CO2 emissions goals for the electricity department. A third established a tax on carbon emissions, under which emissions fell the most. But the greatest drop in smog-forming pollutants—and greatest gains in crop yields—came from policies such as the Clean Power Plan.
Researchers calculated how well each scenario would reduce the potential productivity loss (PPL) of each crop. PPL is a projected value for 2020 and indicates how much crop growth would suffer because of smog. Scenario 2 most closely agrees with results expected from the Clean Power Plan.
4. What’s the main purpose of The Clean Power Plan?
A. To offer clean power, B. To limit CO2 emissions.
C. To slow climate change. D. To increase crop production.
5. The latest research shows that smog may cause__________ .
A. asthma B. early deaths C. heart disease D. crop production loss
6. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. Scenario 3 was intended to increase taxes.
B. Scenario 2 increased crop yields most.
C. Scenario 1 didn’t have any effect on crop yields.
D. The three scenarios were made at Drexel University.
7. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. U.S. states restart the Obama’s Plan.
B. The Clean Power Plan was called off.
C. Three scenarios benefit crop yields.
D. Smog does harm to people’s health.
B篇：【解析】本文为记叙文。美国近20个州开始执行前总统奥巴马的清洁能源计划。该计划限制发电厂的二氧化碳排放，以减少气候变化的影响。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“......in an effort to reduce the impacts of climate change.”可知前总统奥巴马的Clean Power Plan是为了减少对气候变化的影响。故选C。
5. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The new research estimates the extent to which
smog,.....would limit production in 2020 of four major crops......”可知smog会导致农作物减产，故选D。
6.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“.Another modeled a policy similar to the Obama plan”以及最后一句“...and greatest gains in crop yields—came from policies such as the Clean Power Plan.”可知方案二对于农业产量的提升最有帮助。故选B。
7.A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Nearly 20 U.S. states have started carrying out former president Barack Obama’s Clean Power Plan...”，以及后文论证该计划对气候和农作物产量的益处，可知A为最佳标题。
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