Unit Two
Listening for relationships
Tips
● 注意力集中，养成良好的听音习惯。
● 快速浏览，提前猜想。在做听力题时，先快速看一下题目和选项，注意象“What, When, Where, Why, How, How long, How often,How many”等关键词。
● 记录关键信息。在做听力的过程中，一定要根据题目的要求，学会抓关键信息。在听力考试中经常出现的关键词主要是名词或数词，如数字、年代、价格、人数、时间、地点、人名、各类专有名词等，这些应做简单的记录，这样才能保证准确地答题。
● 熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，对我们更好地解答有关人物关系的题目很有帮助。如第一题从“Can I help you?” 和“buy” 可以推测出售货员和顾客的关系；第二题的“running a temperature”对推测出医生和患者的关系以及第四题中的“have you got a table for two” 和“this way, please”对推测出餐馆服务员和顾客的关系很有帮助。
Conversation 1 – Congratulations, recognition & responses
Role play - Sample conversation
Situation 1
Hey, Mary! I have passed my CET Band 4. I just checked my grade online.
Congratulations! I’m so happy for you.
Thank you! I’m so excited. Actually you are the one who I should say thanks to. I really appreciate your help with my English in the past months.
You deserve it. You have been working very hard for this exam.
I should also give my thanks to my roommate. He also helps me a lot.
It’s all because of your efforts. You’re the hardest working person I have ever known.
Let’s eat out today. It’s my treat!
Sure. Thank you!
Conversation 1 – Congratulations, recognition & responses
Role play - Sample conversation
Situation 2
So how was the musical show, Jason?
It was great! My solo was also very successful. Mr. Smith was very satisfied with my performance.
Congratulations! You know Mr. Smith is such a strict teacher. If he was satisfied, it means that you have really done a wonderful job.
In fact, I couldn’t have made it without your help. Thank you very much for giving me a lot of good suggestions.
You’re welcome. You always work so hard.
I am also grateful to my roommates. They were very supportive when I prepared for this show.
You deserve it. You are the best.
Thank you so much.
Conversation 2 – Congratulations, recognition & responses
3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.
B: Congratulate A and show your recognition.
A: Thank B for his/her recognition.
B: Show admiration for A’s diligence and persistence.
A: Express your determination to make further progress.
B: Give your best wishes.
A: Show thanks.
Conversation 2 – Congratulations, recognition & responses
Role play - Sample conversation
Situation 1
Good morning, Carol!
Good morning. I heard that you have got an internship at Google. Is that true?
Yeah, I just got the offer this morning.
Congratulations! I know you have always been very hard-working. It’s great to see all your efforts pay off.
You are flattering me.
I’m serious. You are very diligent and persistent. I should learn from you.
Thank you. It’s very nice of you to say so. I will try my best to learn as much as possible and make further progress during my internship.
Hope you have a great time at Google.
Thank you!
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Conversation 2 – Congratulations, recognition & responses
Role play - Sample conversation
Hi, Sam. Congratulations! I have seen your works in the magazine. They look marvelous. They are the most beautiful cartoons that I’ve ever seen.
Thank you. You’re flattering me, but I am so glad you enjoyed them. I didn’t expect that they would use my works in the magazine.
You always work very hard. It’s your diligence that makes you progress so fast.
Thank you for saying so. The weakest need to practice more. I will try my best to do better in the future.
Hope you have more works to be published in the future.
Thanks a lot.
Passage
Scripts
Over the past few years, many talent shows have appeared on TV across the country, such as “Super Girl,” “Super Boy,” etc. These entertainment shows are very popular, especially among young people, and have a significant influence on their lives. They believe that the TV talent shows can offer them the opportunity to show their talent, or even change their lives.
On the other hand, many people have a negative opinion about TV talent shows. They think these shows mislead the youth by making them believe that they can make a fortune or become famous overnight. As a result, many students are so keen on taking part in the competition that they leave their studies behind during the show’s season.
In fact the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword, and we need to look at it properly. For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more inspiring and interesting shows. For another, the media ought to give young people proper guidance and avoid exaggerating the effects of the show.
Passage
3. Work in groups of four to share your views on talent shows. Try to list the pros and cons. Then each group chooses a representative to report your discussion to the class.
The talent show TV programs offer everyone an opportunity to realize their dream of stage, and such an opportunity is equal to everyone, no matter how old you are and no matter what you are. It’s no doubt that the stage is the dream of some youth. They think they belong to it and they have worked hard so many years to realize their dream. Now there is an opportunity before them.
Sample report -- Cons
Our group members are consistent in the views on talent shows. Although we agree that such TV programs could enrich people's life, we all think that they are boring and meaningless. We consider such a program as a product of universal entertainment. Student A holds that such a TV program will distract us from our studies, the main responsibility we are supposed to perform. He even doesn't have time to watch such a program through. Student B regards such a program is an entertainment for entertainment, which is meaningless and you could learn nothing from it. As to Student C, she doesn't have time to watch it, either. But she has heard about it so much.
Passage
She doesn't think such a program could arouse her interest, for her interest is in films. As far as I am concerned, there are too many entertainment programs on TV, which have lost their originality. And so many young people are misled by such programs, daydreaming that one day they could shoot to fame overnight.
Our group members find many pros of the talent shows. Our youth really need opportunities to show our stuff. And the talent shows provide such an opportunity. There are many peers around us who have different talent. Some could play the Pipa, the Chinese lute; some have learned hip-hop for many years; and some play the piano very well. In fact, some of them don’t want to become famous through the media. They just want to show to the others and to themselves that they could achieve something.
Passage A – Athletes should be role models
Lead-in
● Video appreciation
● Extended reading
● Pre-reading questions
Lead-in
- Extended reading
Role model: Erika
I met Erika two years ago. Erika grew up in a provincial Mexican town called Leon. According to the region's conservative customs, women are expected to marry and serve their husbands. Practically all women there accept their fate; Erika is one notable exception. Rebelling against the constraints imposed on women, she risked social rejection by persuading her parents to let her study engineering in Mexico City. She hoped to influence people's lives and become a well-rounded individual.
At that time, there were only two women studying engineering at the university. Professors didn't expect a woman to become a good engineer and didn't dedicate much time to her, so she had to put in twice the effort to obtain the same grades as her male classmates.
She graduated with honors and decided to join P&G, where I met her. Very soon, her strong business vision and leadership skills earned her a fast Brand Manager promotion. However, she felt that P&G was not giving her all the skills needed to help people, so she enrolled in a London MBA program.
When she returned to P&G, she was promoted to Director. She had been planning to start a non-profit organization to help illiterate women when her mother was struck with cancer. Without a moment's hesitation, she left her promising career to achieve her goal in life: helping others. She now spends half of each day taking care of her mom and the other half teaching illiterate women.
Erika has had a deep influence on me. What I most admire about her is her strong belief that we have the responsibility to help others become better persons. She lives according to this credo, which she has used as a guideline since she was very young. She has show me the importance of attaining a balanced life and contributing to society while accumulating practical skills. Most recently, she has encouraged me to obtain an MBA, because it gave her the skills needed to complete her development and help others.
Pre-reading questions
● Do you know anything about the basketball player in the picture on Page 27? If yes, share what you know with the class.
● Who is your role model? What qualities do you admire most in him or her?
● What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a role model?
● Whether a role model should be perfect or not? And why?
Text study
● Text reading
● Organization of the text
● Language points
Organization of the text
Part I (Para. __1____)
Athletes are chosen to be role models.
Part II (Para. ___2___)
I love being a model.
Part III (Para. _3-4_____)
Advantages and disadvantages of being a model.
Difficult Sentences:
1. I disagree with what Charles says in his Nike commercial, the one in which he insists, “I am not a role model.”
(Line 2, Para. 1)
在一则为耐克所做的商业广告中，查尔斯坚称，“我不是楷模。”对此我不赞同。
介词 with 后跟 what 引导的宾语从句。
I was shocked by what I had seen.
Can you give us a description of what has happened?
the one 和 Nike commercial 构成同位语，the one 后面跟定语从句 in which he insists…。
2. I don’t think we can accept all the glory and money that comes with being a famous athlete without taking the responsibility of being a role model.
(Line 8, Para. 1)
我认为，我们在接受因成名而带来的荣誉和金钱时，不能不承担作为楷模的责任。
don’t think：属于否定转移，是将 think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine 等动词接的宾语从句的
否定词转移到主句中。从意义上来说，被否定的并不是主句中的谓语动词，而是从句中的谓语动词。因此，在翻译时，需将从句中的谓语动词翻译成否定意义。
注意：若主句的谓语动词为 hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。(See examples on next page)
I don’t believe he will come.
我相信他不会来。
I don’t think you have met that famous movie star.
我认为你没见过那位著名的电影明星。
I hope you weren’t ill.
我想你没有生病吧。
that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the glory and money。
take responsibility of / for (doing) sth.: 承担（做）某事的责任
Women usually take the responsibility of raising children.
The driver had to take the responsibility for that car accident.
3. Because there are people who will follow our lead and buy a certain sneaker or cereal for the simple fact that we use it
(Line 14, Para. 1)
因为有人会效仿我们，他们会仅仅因为我们用了哪个牌子的运动鞋或麦片就去购买同样品牌的产品。
follow sb.’s lead: to copy what sb. else has done, or to do what they tell you to do 效仿某人；以某人为榜样
I’ll follow your lead in getting up early to exercise every day.
我要以你为榜样，每天早起锻炼。
that we use it：为同位语从句，解释说明前面的名词 fact。
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4. If I were deciding whether a basketball player was a positive role model, I would want to know: Does he influence people’s lives in a positive way away from the court?
(Line 5, Para. 2)
如果让我判断一个篮球运动员是否是一个能够给人积极影响的楷模，我需要了解的是：在球场外，他是不是以一种积极的方式影响着人们的生活？
If I were deciding…：为表示假设的条件句，所以用的是虚拟语气。在表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，从句用过去时，主句谓语用“would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。
If he had a permit he could get a job.
If you left your car outside, someone would steal it.
away from: 离开；远离
Stay away from the fire.
5. I wouldn’t ask whether he lives his life exactly the way I would live it, or whether he handles every situation just the way I would handle it.
(Line 12, Para. 2)
我不会问他是否与我的生活方式完全相同，或他是否用与我同样的方式应对每一种局面。
the way: 后面跟的是定语从句，前面加副词exactly, just 意为“恰好；正好”，表示强调。
I can’t help seeing things in exactly the way they do.
the way的更多用法：
≈as, according to the way, how/how much, because, while/when …
6. Sometimes they put us in a position that makes us feel like walking on a tight rope high up in the air which we are bound to fall off eventually.
(Line 6, Para. 3)
有时候，他们将我们置于这样一种位置：我们感觉好像走在一根悬在高空的绳索上，最终会从绳索上面掉下来。
be bound to: to be very likely to do sth., to happen, to be true, etc. 很有可能；肯定会
不要对她撒谎，她肯定会发现的。
Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out.
7. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.
(Line 9, Para. 3)
经常被公众盯着有时是很难忍受的。
being watched 为动名词的被动语态作主语，因为动名词的逻辑主语是行为的承受者。
Being loved is a beautiful thing.
at times: sometimes but not often 有时；偶尔
He gets close to wildlife at times, which is good for his growth.
8. It’s a great feeling to think you’re a small part of the reason that a kid decided to give school another try in stead of dropping out, or that a kid had the strength to walk away when someone offered him drugs.
(Line 2, Para. 4)
一个孩子决定再次踏入校园而不是辍学，或者一个孩子有足够的意志力拒绝别人给他的毒品，当你想到这其中有你的一份功劳时，那种感觉棒极了。
it: 在句中虽处在主语的位置，但它只是一个形式主语，真正的主语为不定式 to think …。
It’s a great pleasure to work with you.
It’s a pity to waste so much money.
give sth. a try: to try using, doing, or testing sth. to see if it is appropriate or successful 试一下某事物
If you like rice, I recommend you give this dish a try.
drop out: to stop going to school or stop an activity before you have finished it 辍学；中途退出
He dropped out of school at the age of 16.
have the strength to do sth.: to have the determination to do sth. 有做某事的意志力
那位老太太带着坚强的毅力要完成大学课程。
The old lady had the strength to finish the college courses.
9. But one thing I would encourage parents to do is to remind their kids that no matter which athletes they look up to, there are no perfect human beings.
(Line 6, Para. 4)
但是，我想劝说父母们要提醒自己的孩子，无论孩子崇拜的运动员是谁，这个世界上都没有完美的人。
to remind their kids that no matter which athletes they look up to, there are no perfect human beings 在句中作表语。
remind sb. that…: 提醒某人……
The young mother reminded her son that he had to finish the housework first.
no matter which：引导让步状语从句。no matter 还可以和疑问词 who，what，where，when，how等一起构成让步状语从句。
She was going to be a singer no matter what difficulties she met.
10. That way, if the kid’s heroes do make mistakes, it won’t seem like the end of the world to them.
(Line 10, Para. 4)
这样的话，即便孩子们心中的英雄犯了错误，对孩子们来讲也不会是世界末日。
句首的 that way 意为“这样的话”。
助动词 do 加在动词前可表示强调。文中 do make mistakes 的 do 就是这种用法。
I do think she has behaved badly.
I did see her at the party last night.
seem like: 好像
Mary seemed like a good girl.
It seems like a bad idea.
Vocabulary
1. from time to timesometimes, but not regularly or very often 有时；间或
他们间或会来纽约。
They visit New York from time to time.
2. insist
v. to say firmly and often that sth. is true, especially when other people think it may not be true 坚称；坚决认为
男孩坚持认为他们是清白的。
The boy insisted that they were innocent.
他坚持认为我该单独去见布朗。
He insisted that I ought to see Brown alone.
3. deny v. to say that you did not do sth. 否认
他们都否认曾经见过她。
They all denied ever having seen her.
4. look to
to depend on sb. to provide help, advice, etc. 指望；依靠
他们正期待政府来提供帮助。
They are looking to the government for assistance.
c.f. look up to: to admire or respect sb. 尊敬；钦佩
我一直都很钦佩比尔的勇气和决心。
I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and
determination.
5. childish
adj. behaving in a silly and annoying way, like a small child 孩子气；幼稚的
你这个年纪荡秋千，你不觉得有点幼稚么？
At your age, don’t you think playing on the swing is a little childish?
6. display
v. 1) to clearly show a feeling, attitude, or quality by what you do or say 显示；显露
没有人对他的音乐有兴趣。
Nobody displayed any interest in his music.
v. 2) to put things in a place where people can see them easily 展示；陈列
商店橱窗里正在展示夏季的衣服。
Shops are displaying summer clothes in their window.
7. reinforce
v. to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger 加强；强化（观点、思想或感觉）
这种优越感往往会被外部世界强化。
This sense of privilege tends to be reinforced by the outside world.
这个故事强化了努力工作就会得到回报的观点。
The story reinforces the idea that hard work always pays off.
8. tolerate
v. to be able to accept sth. unpleasant or difficult, even though you do not like it 忍受；忍耐
对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。
The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person.
9. outweigh
v. to be more important or valuable than sth. else 比……更重要；比 ……更有价值
这笔交易的利远大于弊。
The advantages of this deal largely outweigh the disadvantages.
10. remind
v. to make sb. remember sth. that they must do 提醒
Let’s go down and remind Mr. Lee about the meeting.
我们下去提醒李先生要开会吧。
我得提醒自己表现得自信和表现得完美并不是一回事.
I had to remind myself that being confident is not the same as being perfect!
Comprehension
2. Answer the following questions.
● How should we judge whether a basketball player is a positive role model?
If I were deciding whether a basketball player was a positive role model, I would want to know: Does he influence people’s lives in a positive way away from the court? How much has he given of himself, in time or in money, to help people who look up to him? Does he display the values like honesty and determination that are part of being a good person? I wouldn’t ask whether he lives his life exactly the way I would live it or whether he handles every situation just the way I would handle it.
● What are the good things of being a role model according to the passage?
It’s a great feeling to think you’re a small part of the reason that a kid decided to give school another try instead of dropping out or that a kid had the strength to walk away when someone offered him drugs.
Passage A – Vocabulary and structure
2. Complete the following sentences with words given below. Change the form if necessary.
Glory，handle，commercial，position，determination，remind
1 At 19 he won_________ as an Olympic champion.
2 I always _____ myself that time and tide wait for no man.
3 She doesn’t want anyone to think she can’t________ the pressure.
4 Do education and environment __________ a man’s character.
5 He is going to be in a very difficult ________ if his team loses the game.
6 Children see ____________ on TV and want their parents to buy them new toys.
3. Add the suffix “dis-” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed. Change the form if necessary.
Advantage，appear，like，trust，tasteful
1. You may think these pictures are _____distasteful______ today but they are historically important.
2. Many people have a deep ___distrust________ of strangers.
3. Players from poor countries are at a ___disadvantage______ against those from richer countries.
4. The sun had scarcely (刚刚) risen before the fog began to _disappear____.
5. He may suddenly take a ___dislike_____ to foods that he’s previously enjoyed.
Passage A – Vocabulary and structure
4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English using the expression “no matter how/where/when, etc.”.
Sample: But one thing I would encourage parents to do is to remind their kids that no matter which athletes they look up to(无论他们崇拜哪些运动员).
no matter who comes
1. Don’t open the door, _____________________ (不管谁来).
no matter what he says
2. Don’t trust him, ____________________ (无论他说什么).
No matter where you work
3. ________________________ (无论你在哪里工作), you can always find time to study.
No matter how busy you are
4. __________________________ (无论你有多么忙), your kids deserve more quality time with you.
Passage A – Vocabulary and structure
5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once.
Adults，honesty，completing，except，role，aspects，models，constantly，insist，displaying
Excellent，active
Everyone plays different roles in life. Roles are social 1)________________ or parts that people play in different situations. At work, for 2)_________, someone might be a teacher; at home, he or she is a parent, spouse or child. Parents model the roles that children will play in society as adults through their behavior. Children imitate the 3)__________ of their parents and are influenced by them more than any other person or group of people.
Parents should model the appropriate behavior for their children in all 4)_________ of life. They should model work behavior by 5)___________ their own tasks in a timely and efficient manner. Parents should also be good 6)________ of other behavior like showing kindness and managing emotions. If parents lose their temper often, for instance, children will learn that it is OK to express your anger freely, regardless of who is around. They may wind up 7)___________ hostility (敌意) in front of their own children as 8)_________.
Being a role model also means communicating with your child about your expectations and values. Teens, 9)__________are confused about their social roles and expectation. Clear communication means being a proactive (积极的) and effective role model. Being a positive role model also means taking a(n) 10)_________ role in the child’s life.
Passage A – Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. I don’t think we can accept all the glory and money that comes with being a famous athlete without taking the responsibility of being a role model.
我认为，我们在接受因成名而带来的荣誉和金钱时，不能不承担作为楷模的责任。
2. Sometimes they put us in a position that makes us feel like walking on a tight rope high up in the air which we are bound to fall off eventually.
有时候，他们将我们置于这样一种位置：我们感觉好像走在一根悬在高空的绳索上，最终会从绳索上面掉下来。
Passage A – Translation
2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets.
1. 他很小的时候就表现出对绘画的浓厚兴趣。(a while)
He displayed great interests in painting when he was very young.
2. 看完这场比赛，这些孩子都很敬仰那名棒球运动员。(look up to)
After watching the game, these children looked up to the baseball player.
3. 他跑得这么快，大家都相信他一定会赢得比赛的。(be bound to)
He runs so fast that people believe that he is bound to win that game.
Passage B – Lady Gaga
Lead-in
● Pre-reading activity
● Lady Gaga
● Video appreciation
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Passage B – Lady Gaga
Pre-reading
Work in groups to discuss the following questions.
● Who is your favorite pop singer? Why do you like him or her?
● My favorite pop singer is Elva Hsiao (萧亚轩). Hsiao is good at singing and dancing. She can write songs by herself. She is not only pretty but also ambitious in her musical career. She expresses true feelings about society, friendship, and love in her songs. So I like her very much.
● Jay Chou is my favorite pop singer. I like him because he is a versatile singer, realizing a harmonious blend of western styles and Chinese features in his songs. Due to this unique combination, he makes distinction between himself and other musicians.
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Passage B – Lady Gaga
Pre-reading
Work in groups to discuss the following questions.
2. Look at the picture of Lady Gaga on Page 31. What are the fashionable elements?
The hat she wears is of a very special shape. She wears a see-through dress which shines with diamonds. Her make-up is also very special.
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Passage B – Lady Gaga
Lady Gaga
Born in 1986. Her real name is Stefani Germanotta. She is mainly known as an American singer, songwriter, fashion designer and actress. Her achievements include five Grammy Awards and 13 MTV Video Music Awards.
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Passage B – Lady Gaga
Lead-in
- Video appreciation
Passage B – Lady Gaga
Text study
● Text reading
● Writing skill of the text
● Language points
Writing skills of the text
● In the chat with Lady Gaga, the author introduces her through some dialogues. (对话).
Sentences:
1. You will, if nothing else, have seen or heard of the meat dress, the towering Alexander McQueen shoes, and the astonishing hats.(Line 2, Para. 1)
诸位如果不了解其他什么的话，也至少会见过或听说过肉片装、亚历山大·麦昆设计的极高的高跟鞋以及那些惊世骇俗的帽子。
if nothing else 为插入语。
will have done 为将来完成时，表示将来某时之前某动作已经完成或一直持续。
By the end of the year I will have saved 1,000 dollars.
I’ll have been in England for three years by this April.
2.But more that a year passed before we finally got a chance to sit down and have a good chat.(Line 3, Para. 2)
一年多后，我们最终有机会坐下来好好聊天。
before 引导时间状语从句，除表示“在…之前”外，还可有多种翻译方法：
1. 还没……就……
He had pressed the button before we stopped him.
我们还没来得及阻止他，他就按了按钮。
He arrived before I had finished my lunch.
我还没吃完午饭，他就到来了。
2. But more that a year passed before we finally got a chance to sit down and have a good chat.(Line 3, Para. 2)
2. ……（之后），才……
They had been married many years before a child was born to them.
他们结婚许多年,才生了一个孩子。
3. 只有……，才……
A great effort must be made before the ideals can be turned into reality.
只有经过巨大努力，理想才能变为现实。
4. 为了（要想）……，就得（必须）……
Before one can speak English fluently, he must speak the language as often as possible.
一个人要想能讲一口流利的英语，他就必须尽可能经常地讲这种语言。
5. 在“Hardly(Scarcely)…before…”句型中,译成“(刚)一……,就……”。这时，before = when。
Scarcely had he gone out before it began to rain.
他一出去，就下起雨来了。
3. “You seem quite happy to be a self-conscious spokesman for the dispossessed, the marginal, the outsider, the one who doesn’t fit in, the one who feels outside the tribe, if you like…”.(Line 1, Para. 3)
“您似乎很乐于充当无依无靠者、边缘人、局外人，那些没能融入社会，自我感觉游离于群体外的人的代言人…”
fit in: be accepted by the other people in a group
相处融洽，被他人接受
Lily参加了一个绘画小组，但是却没能融入进去，她因此离开了。
Lily joined a painting group but didn’t seem to fit in, so she left.
4. It’s about being reborn again and again until you find the identity inside yourself that defines you best for who you are and that makes you feel like a champion of life.
(Line 3, Para. 6)
我的新专辑《天生如此》是关于一生中不断地重生的。它讲的是你一次一次地重生，直到你找到内心深处的自我，那个自我最能诠释你自己，也使你感觉自己能主宰生活。
again and again: over and over again 再三地；反复地
I have failed again and again in my life.
5. The “messages” in her songs and albums, the calls to freedom and self-actualization, the support for the dispossessed and marginalized in society, may cause many to roll their eyes and make the cynical observation that being a friend to the friendless is damned good business. (Line 1, Para. 7)
她的歌曲与专辑传递出的“信息”，她对自由与实现自我价值的呼吁，她对一无所有的人与社会边缘群体的支持，可能会让很多人不悦，进而得出如下愤世嫉俗的结论：与孤独无助的人为友真是有百利而无一害。
that being a friend to the friendless is damned good business 是 the cynical observation 的同位语从句，说明 observation 的具体内容。
6. Just look at the figures: No.1 after No.1, record-breaking releases of singles and albums, record-breaking numbers of Twitter fans.
(Line 6, Para. 7)
看看这些数据即可：一首首冠军歌曲，打破发行纪录的单曲与专辑，破纪录的“推特”粉丝人数。
record-breaking: adj. the highest, lowest, biggest, best, etc. of its type that has ever happened or existed 破纪录的
release: n. a new CD, video, movie, etc. that is available to buy or see 新发行的激光唱片（录像，电影等）
single: n. a CD that has only one song on it, not a number of songs, or a song which is sold in
this way 单曲唱片
7. Her redesigning, reformatting and revising it from the ground up, all paid for out of her own pocket, made the tour not only one of the most varied and unpredictable in history, but also one of the least profitable. (Line 5, Para. 8)
嘎嘎小姐对它进行了从头至尾的重新设计、重新编排以及不断修正，所有这一切她都是自掏腰包，因此，她的巡回演出是史上最变化多端、捉摸不定的演唱会之一，但也是最不盈利的演唱会之一。
her redesigning, reformatting and revising 为物主代词后加动名词，构成动名词复合结构，在文中作主语，这个结构也可作宾语。
paid for out of her own pocket 为过去分词短语作后置 定语，修饰all（指代上文的her redesigning, reformatting and revising it）。
I couldn’t be more wrong.
这一点我完全错了。
couldn’t…more…
这类结构的意思为“不能再…”，即“非常…”
我非常同意。
I couldn’t agree more.
8. I am just committed whole-heartedly to theatre.(Line 3, Para. 15)
我只是心无旁骛地专注于舞台。
专心致志做某事
commit oneself to doing sth.
他专心致力于帮助贫困地区的孩子。
He has committed himself to helping kids in poor areas.
Vocabulary
1. identity
n. the qualities sb. Has that make them different from other people 个性；特性
在交通的晚高峰时段，这里通常被车辆堵得水泄不通。
I wanted a sense of my own identity.
2. marginalize
v. to make a person or a group of people unimportant and powerless in an unfair way 使边缘化；使显得不重要
我们不能忽视我们社会中的穷人。
We must not marginalize the poor in our society.
3. roll one’s eyes
to roll one’s eyes around in different directions to show disbelief, impatience, etc. 翻白眼；不以为然
听到的这个笑话让他很不以为然。
He rolled his eyes when he heard the stupid joke.
4. Favor n. sth. that you do for sb. in order to help them or be kind to them 帮助；好事；恩惠
你能帮个忙，帮我照看半个小时孩子么？
Could you do me a favor and watch the baby for half an hour?
v. to prefer sth. or sb. to other things or people 较喜欢；偏爱
偏爱其中一个孩子超过另一个孩子是不对的。
It isn’t right to favor one child over the other.
5. from the ground up
completely 完全地，彻底地
他决心对这个事业从头学起。
He decided to learn the business from the ground up.
6. be in debt
to owe money to sb. 欠债；负债
如果你入不敷出，就会负债。
If your spending exceeds your salary, you will be in debt.
7. obsessed
adj. considering sb. or sth. as so important that you are always thinking about them, in a way that seems extreme to other people 着迷的；心神不宁的
Jane 迷上了做化学实验。
Jane has been obsessed with doing chemical experiments.
8. better
vt. to improve something 改善；改进
A new rule aiming at bettering economic conditions has been passed.
9. absorb
v. to interest sb. so much that they do not pay attention to other things 吸引某人；使专心
这个游戏完全吸引了这个男孩。
The game absorbed the boy completely.
10. view sb./sth. as
v. to think about sth. or sb. In a particular way 把……看作
很多人把网络看作是革命性的教育工具。
The internet is viewed by many as a revolutionary educational tool.
11. for one
used for emphasizing that sb. is thinking or behaving in a particular way, even if other people are not （用于强调某人的想法或举止）举个例说，就……而言
I for one do not like the idea of trying to sell second-rate goods.
12. gaga
adj. having a strong feeling of love for sb. 狂热的；着迷的
年轻的女孩痴迷于那个乐队的主唱。
Teenage girls have gone gaga over the band’s lead singer.
● Comprehension
● Vocabulary & structure
● Translation
● Oral work
Passage B – Comprehension
2. Answer the following questions.
● What are the “messages” in Lady Gaga’s songs and albums?
The “messages” in her songs and albums, are the calls to freedom and self-actualization, the support for the dispossessed and marginalized in society.
● After appearing on “The Graham Norton Show”, why did Lady Gaga watch it over and over again?
She studied everything that she did to become better all the time at her craft. She cares about how much more she devoted, how much better an artist can she become.
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Passage B – Vocabulary and structure
2. Compare the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.
Honestly,confident, devoted, absorb, revise ed
1. The match has _______________ football fans all over the world.
honestly
2. I ___________ feel I’ve done my best to prove myself.
devoted
3. After marriage, she was not so ____________ to her music as before.
4. In the light of these changes, we must _____________ our plan.
revise
confidence
5. He seemed to be bankrupt of hope and ____________.
3. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below.
1. I never really fitted _________ at school.
in
2. She was obsessed _____ the thought of seeing her idol.
with
3. Mom paid ______ my dancing lessons.
for
of
4. No one in the town had heard ______ her.
in
5. I’m now ________ debt and dare not borrow any more money.
Passage B – Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The main elements of the Lady Gaga story are too well-known for us to have much need of repeating them here.
对我们来说嘎嘎小姐故事中的元素已经耳熟能详，没必要再重复了。
2. Gaga told me something else astonishing which gives a strong indication of her remarkable perfectionism.
嘎嘎告诉了我一些惊人的消息，体现出明显的完美主义倾向。
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2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions in brackets.
1. 我的祖父母认为美国是个充满机遇的国度。
(view sb./sth. as)
My grandparents viewed America as a country full of opportunities.
2. 现在越来越多的年轻人对网购着迷。(be obsessed with)
Nowadays, more and more youngsters are obsessed with online shopping.
3. 由于父母的反对，他们不得不修改了旅游计划。(revise)
Due to parents’ objection, they have to revise their travel plan.
Passage B – Oral work
Work in groups to do the following activity.
Read the following comments on Lady Gaga. Which one do you agree with? What are your comments on Lady Gaga?
I think Lady Gaga is a very confident and outgoing person! She’s not telling teens to slim down or wear more make-up. What she wants to convey is that everyone is beautiful in their own way.
Looking back at those pictures of her as a “normal” girl and seeing what and who she is now. I think it’s really disturbing. The fact that this girl had to behave in such a radical way to get noticed is unsetting.
Work in groups to do the following activity.
Read the following comments on Lady Gaga. Which one do you agree with? What are your comments on Lady Gaga?
Grammar - Gerunds
动名词是非谓语动词的一种，通常由动词原形如-ing构成。动名词有一般时和完成时两种，也有主动语态和被动语态之分。
动名词同时具有动词和名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语等。
一、动名词作主语
1. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
1) Reading is an art.
2) Talking mends no holes.
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2. 有些句子中可用it 作形式主语，而把真正的动名词主语放到句子后部去。
● Playing with fire is dangerous.
→ It is dangerous playing with fire.
● Reading that book was a waste of time.
→ It was a waste of time reading that book.
二、动名词作表语
1) Her hobby is collecting stamps.
2) Their pastime is going to the movies.
三、动名词作宾语
1. 有些动词和动词短语后只能用动名词作宾语，如: can’t help, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, feel like, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, look forward to, mind, miss, practice, suggest 等。
1) Would you mind waiting a moment?
2) They’re practicing singing the new song.
2. 有些动词和动词短语后可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，如: begin, forget, love, need, regret, remember, start, stop 等。
1) She loves dancing alone.
2) She said she would love to come sometime.
一些动词后的动名词宾语和不定式宾语在意思上只有细微差别。但是在有些动词后，两者的意思则大不相同，这样的动词有: forget, need, regret, remember, stop等。
● I remember telling you about it.
我记得曾经告诉过你这件事。
● Remember to tell him about it.
记得告诉他这件事。
● He stopped talking to us.
他停止了和我们的交谈。
● He stopped to talk to us.
他停下来和我们说话。
3. 在have difficulty/trouble/fun/a hard time/a good time+(in) doing sth.，以及It is no use (in) doing sth. 等句型中，需要用动名词作宾语，介词in 常省略。
● He knew what he wanted to say but he had difficulty putting it across.
● It’s no use trying to persuade him not to smoke anymore.
Writing – Narrative essays
Notes
记叙文是以写人、记事和状物为内容，以叙述和描写为主要表达方式的文体。一篇记叙文从组织结构上来说应该包括：
开头：提供背景信息，交代时间、地点、人物。
主体：讲述事件的发生、发展经过。
结尾：说明事件的结局，阐明事件所包含的寓意或作者的看法。
写好一篇记叙文还应该注意以下几个方面：
主题思想：记叙文应该叙述有一定意义的事情或经历，应该有一个明确的主题。这个主题我们可以清楚地告诉读者，也可以将其隐藏在故事中，让读者去发现和体会。
Writing – Narrative essays
Notes
叙述角度：记叙文一般使用第一人称或第三人称的方式叙述。前者以当事人的口吻进行叙述，优点在于能把故事情节通过“我”传达给读者，因此读起来更真实生动；后者以旁观者的口吻进行叙述，会使文章内容相对客观。
叙述顺序：记叙文大多根据事件发展的自然过程，按时间顺序叙述。也可以按地点的变化、事件的过程、人物出现的先后、思想的转变为线索来叙述。
时态：记叙文记叙的一般是过去发生的事件，所以英文
记叙文通常使用过去时态，以一般过去时为主。
Writing - Exercises
Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.
A lesson in friendship
1. I learned the hard way how to make friends in a new school when I was 16 years old.
2. At my old school in Toronto, I was on the football team, so I was very popular and had lots of friends. Everything changed when my parents decided to move to Florida.
3. Going to a new school was not easy for me. The first few days in my new school were extremely difficult. The class schedule was different, and the teachers were more informal than in my old school. All the students dressed casually in shorts and T-shirts instead of a school uniform. Some kids tried to be nice to me, but I did not want to talk to them. To me, they looked and acted funny!
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Writing - Exercises
A lesson in friendship
4. After a few weeks, I realized that no one even tried to talk to me anymore. I began to feel lonely. Two months passed before I swallowed my pride and got the courage to talk to a few classmates. Finally, I realized that they were normal people, just like me.
5. I began to develop some relationships and eventually some good friendships. I learned a valuable lesson about making friends that year.
Culture express – Questions
2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.
1. Which Chinese talent show do you like best? Why?
Answer 1: I love "The Voice of China". Blind auditions and live performances make the program so attractive. The talented voices of the contestants are astonishing, and the coaching of the singers is impressive. In their selection of the best singers, the judges each have to present their arguments for and against the candidates, and even sing together with their favorite contestant. All of these elements make the program for lively entertainment.
Answer 2: I love “China’s Got Talent”. Each candidate has their unique talent and story. I was deeply moved by some stories. Li Wei, the winner of the first “China’s Got Talent”, is my idol. The pianist, from Beijing, who taught himself to play the piano at age 18, impressed the audience with his performance of the James Blunt song “You're Beautiful”, singing and using his feet to play the piano. He also won over the judges by commenting: “At least I have a pair of perfect legs.”
Ref Answer: Yes, I would like to participate in such kind of shows if I got a chance. I think talent shows provide grass-root people with a stage to display their talents and to realize their dreams, so everyone should seize every opportunity to show off their talents. Young people should have the courage to do their best.
No, I wouldn’t participate in such kind of shows. Because some college students give up their studies to attend these TV shows in order to become famous overnight. They even regard TV shows as a shortcut to success. And once they failed in these shows, they would suffer a great psychological unbalance. This is really bad to their physical and psychological health. So I think it is not a proper platform for young people.
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