常见情态动词讲解

常见情态动词讲解

一、情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。

二、情态动词的种类：

三、情态动词的用法及主要句型：

1、Can I help you? ——Yes, please. / No, thanks.

2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形? Yes, ～ can. No, ～ can’t.
3、Can I borrow your book?----Yes,of course.

4、Can I write on the book? ------No, you can’t\mustn’t.

5、Could \Can you help me?---- Yes,of course.\Certainly.\ Sure.

6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?

7、May I come in ?----- Come in, please.

8、May I sit here?----- Yes, please.\Sorry, please don’t.

9、May I have some Coke?---- Yes, of course.

10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -----Speaking. Who’s calling?

11、should 、shouldn’t 表示劝告：
1) He should get up early.

2) She shouldn’t play computer game too much.

12、Should +主语 +动词原形? Yes, ～ should.\ No, ～ shouldn’t.

13、表示建议“你愿意…吗”
---Would you like to go shopping with me?

---Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.

14、就餐用语Would you like something to eat\drink? ----Yes, I’d like…

15、shall用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “……好吗?”
1) Where shall we have dinner?

2) Shall we go fishing? -----All right. \OK. \Good idea.
16、Must + 主语 + 动词原形? ---Yes,～ must.\No, ～ needn’t.

四．常见情态动词的区别：

1. can (could)

1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。

Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。

Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？

2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。

He can´t (couldn´t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。

3）表示允许。

Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？

4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？

He can´t (couldn´t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。

How can you be so careless! 你怎么这么粗心！

5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？

2. may (might)

1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。

You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。

He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。

May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？

在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don´t ./ You´d better not. / No, you mustn´t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。

2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。

He may be at home. 他可能在家。

She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。

They might be having a meeting, but I´m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。

3. must

1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。

We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。

You mustn´t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。

--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？

--No, you needn´t. / No, you don´t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn´t）

2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。

He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。

4. shall

1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。

Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？

Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？

What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？

2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。

You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）

You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）

He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）

Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）

5. will

1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。

I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。

2）表请求，用于疑问句。

Will you close the window? It´s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。

3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。

Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。

6. should

1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。

You shouldn´t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。

2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。

They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。

7. would

1）表意愿。

I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。

2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？

3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。

Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。

相关练习

(一) 用适当的情态动词填空。
1. Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you ________.
2. ________ I use your car? Yes, you ________.
3. ________ I go home now? No, you _________ stay here.
4. My mother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.
5.  ________ you like some tea?
6. You ________ take more exercise.
7. ________ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?
8. The clock ________ tell us the time.
9. ________ you like to go fishing with me?
10. ________ we play football this afternoon?

(二) 按要求改写句子。
1. I can run fast.
I ________ ________ fast. (否定句)
2. You must return the book now.（一般疑问句）
________ I the book now? No, you ________.
3. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句）
_______ he ______ basketball well?
4. They must take the books out of the room. （否定句）
They ________ ________ the books out of the room.
5. He should get up early.   (否定句)
He _______ get up late.

(三) 单项选择。
( ) 1.  you like some milk ? A .  Would B.  Could C .  Can
( ) 2. We pick the flower in the park. A.  can’t B.  don't C.  mustn’t
( ) 3. We should more trees, and we shouldn’t cut any trees.
A.  plant B.  planting C.  plants
( ) 4. May I have some coffee?
A. Yes,you have.  B. Yes,you can.   C.  Yes,certainly.
( ) 5. Shall we visit the factory?
A. Yes,we do. B. Yes, we shall.  C. All right.
( ) 6. Would you like something to eat?
A. Yes,we would. B. Yes, I’d like some cakes. C. Yes, of course.
( ) 7. What can I do for you?
A. Yes,you can. B. No,I can do it. C. Yes.I’d like some oranges.

(四) 根据所学情态动词，填写适当形式。

1) ________ you like to go fishing with me?

2) ________ I go home now? No, you _________ stay here.

3) You ________ take more exercise.

4) The clock ________ tell us the time.

5) ________ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?

6) My mother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.

7)  ________ you like some tea?

8) Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you ________.

9) ________ I use your car? Yes, you ________.

10) ________ we play football this afternoon?

(五) 对划线部分提问。

1. We mustn't pick the flowers in the park.  

2. We should plant more trees.

3. I would you like some cakes to eat?

4. She could swim five years ago.

5. We should protect animals because they are our good friends .

6. Tom could go to the cinema (电影院) with his sister .

(六) 圈出正确答案。

1）Lucy should her homework now.

A. finishes B. finishing C. finished D. finish

2）My mother would back soon.

A. came B. comes C. come D. will come

3）Could you me a hand?

A. giving B. gives C. given D. give

4）Should I now?

A. started B. starting C. start D. starts

5） I take this one?

A. Could B. Will C. Are D. Do

6）--- Can you speak English?

--- No, I .

A. mustn't B. can't C. couldn't D. may not

7）You go and see a doctor because you had a fever(发烧).

A. could B. might C. should D. would

8）Jim come tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. should B. might C. would D. should

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