newspaper报纸的分类
发布时间：2023-02-04 01:32:51 来源：文档文库
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LanguageTabloidsEmotiveShortenedBasicsentenceconstructionBroadsheetsAcademicSeriousComplexsentenceconstructionETHOSPATHOSLOGOSTOUGHSWEETSTUFFY1STPERSON2NDPERSON3RDPERSONSUBJECTIVESUBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEINFORMALINTIMATEFORMALSweetlanguage（小报）Sweetlanguageisthelanguageofsensationalism,thelanguageofsuperlativesandhyperbole.Itisthelanguageofdiversion;itplaystricksonthereaderwithitspuns,itswordcoinages,itshumor,itspackaging,itssex,andotheraspectswhichhavenothingtodowiththeproductitself.Itisinformal,orsometimesevenintimateorcutesyintone.Itislanguagefullofinnovativespellings,creativegrammar,andwildpunctuation.Sweetwritingcontainsmanysentencefragments,andwouldratherflauntagrammaticalrulethanconformtoit:“Winstontastesgoodlikeacigaretteshould.Whatdoyouwant,goodgrammar,orgoodtaste?”Contractions,clippings,blendings,anddeletionsabound,makingitallthemorecrypticandintimate.It’sfullofslangexpressionslike“nodoubtaboutit,”“cutitout,”and“whereelse?”Itcanbecutesy,asin“Dryskin?Notme,darling.Everyinchoflittlemeisassmoothas(well,youknowwhat.”STUFFYLANGUAGE（大报）WheretoughlanguageisI-oriented,andsweetlanguageisyou-oriented,stuffylanguageisit-oriented.Itisthelanguageoflaboratoryexperiments,ofresearchpapersandthesesanddissertationsandscholarlybooks,andacademiaingeneral.Itisanimpersonalstyletotheextentthatfirst-personpronounsareseldomallowed.Forthisandotherreasons,passiveconstructionsandimpersonalconstructionswithabstractsubjectsarecommon.
Stuffylanguageisalsothelanguageoflimitations,restrictionsandqualificationsbecausethewriterdoesn’twanttomakeclaimsbeyondtheevidence.Limiting(asopposedtodescriptiveadjectivesarefrequent,asareprepositionalphrasesandrelativeclauses.Tabloids:BiasColloquialWhowrotethestory?CreativeSpellingsWhydidtheywriteit?Short,Choppy,Simple,IdentifyingBiasfromthemainheadlineRhetorical,Whoisthestoryaimedat?Fragments,CommaSplicesHowisthestorysupported?Whatstatisticsareused/expertsquoted?BroadsheetsFormalWhatlanguageisused?NoSlangPhotographyCorrectSpellingDenotationPerfectGrammarConnotationThirdPersonWhyarecertainpicturesused?EvidenceSizeAngelsSignifiers,Selection&ConstructSignifiersCodesWhatNewspaperswantustoknowSelection&ConstructNewspaperschooseeverythingcarefullyThepeoplewhodecidewhat’simportantInformationGatekeepersThusnewsisasocialconstructBasedoncertaincodesofbehaviourDependsontheparticularnewspaperforwhichJournalistsareworking.InBritishsocietymostadultswouldbeawareoftheconventionsofdifferentnewspapersDifferentsignsystemsmayaffectmeaningEachnewspaperattachessignificancetodifferentnewsitemsDifferentnewspapersdifferinwhatconstitutesfront-pagenewsUnderstandbycertaincodeswhicharepresentwithinthemediumofthenewspaper,andwithindifferentnewspapersMaincriteriawhendecidingonwhichwasthemainstoryofthefront-pagesofTheTelegraphandTheTimeswasthesizeofthetypefaceoftheheadlineLinguisticandVisualSignsPerceivedwithinacodedframeworkDifferentnewspapersuseparticularnarrativecodesTheSunheadlinestates‘SCANDALOFPSYCHOFREEDTOKILLHEROCOP‘
