can和could的意义

发布时间:2012-11-09 20:26:29   来源:文档文库   
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cancould的意义,有能力做,有可能,可以

She can lift me up with one hand . 她可以一只手把我举起来。(有能力做)

Can yon swim ? 你会游泳吗?(有能力做)

You can borrow my car if you want to.如果你想借我的汽车,你可以借去用。(有可能)

Anybody can learn to cook. 人人都能学会做饭。(可以)

It could rain later. 晚些时候可能会下雨的。(有可能)

Could 不仅是can 的过去时形式,could 还可以用来表达现在和将来。

You could be right. 你可能是对的。

Could I see you tomorrow evening ? 明天晚上我可以见见你吗?

关于can be able to could 表示能力的用法需要注意下面几点:

1、现在和将来

can 通常用来表达现在或一般的能力——即你无论什么时候想做就能做到的能力。

Look! I can do it ! I can do it !嗨,我会做这事啦!我会做啦!

You can certainly cook , even if you can’t do anything else. 你当然会做饭,即使你别的事一样也不会。

be able to 也可以用,但不如can 用得经常。

You are certainly able to cook .

当要表达将来的能力时,一般要用will be able to ……

I’ll be able to speak German in another few months. 再过几个月我就会说德语了。(不能说:I can speak ……”)

One day people will be able to run a kilometer in two minutes .总有一天人们会两分钟跑完一千米的。

If I have a good sleep I’ll be able to work out the problem.如果我睡个好觉,我就可以作出这个习题。

但是,当人们现在决定将来是否有做某事的能力时,can 常常也是可以用的。

We’re too busy today ,but we can repair your car tomorrow .我们今天太忙了,但是明天我们可以给你修汽车。

We can talk about that later . 这一点咱们以后再谈。

Can you come to a party on Saturday ?星期六有个聚会,你能来吗?

2、过去

could 用来表达一般的能力——即你过去想干什么就可以干什么。(was /were able to 也可以用来表达这个意思。)

She could sing like an angel when she was a kid .当她还是个小孩子的时候,她可以唱得象天使一般好听。(也可以说she was able to sing ……)

My father could speak ten languages. 我父亲从前会说十种语言。

不能用could 表达过去某种具体的能力(即在某一个场合做某事的能力),此时需要用 was able to , managed to , succeeded in 等。

How many eggs were you able to get ?你能弄到多少鸡蛋?(不能说:……could you get ?

I managed to get 10% off the price .我弄了个九折。(不能说:I could get ……)

After six hours climbing ,we succeeded in reaching the top of the mountain. 经过六小时的攀登,我们终于登上了山顶。(不能说:“……we could reach ……)(指成功地做成)

试比较下列两个句子:he was a terrific liar :he could make anybody believe him .他说起谎来可神啦。能使任何人都相信他。(这里讲的是一般的能力,因此用could 是正确的。)

I talked for a long time, and in the end I managed to make her believe me .我说了老半天,最后才使她相信了我的话。(这里指的是一个具体的场合,不能说:“……I could make her ……)

但是要注意 could 的否定形式 couldn’t 既用来表达一般的能力,也用来表达某一具体的能力。

When I was younger I couldn’t decide what I wanted to do. 我年轻些的时候,不能决定自己想要干什么。

Simon was so drunk that he couldn’t find the front door. 西蒙喝得烂醉,竟找不着正门在哪里。

3、条件句中的could

could 也用于条件句(意思等于 would be able to .

I could have a really good time if I had a flat of my own. 要是我自己有一套房间,那我就可以过得很快活。

We could do it by midday if we had the tools. 要是我们有工具的话,到中午就可以完成这件工作。

I could break your neck ! 我可以掐断你的脖子。

I could marry him if I wanted to (= I would be able to ……)要是我愿意,我就可以和他结婚。

4could 和动词不定式完成式连用

有时候,我们需要表达我们有能力做某事件事,但是却没有去做。有一种特殊结构可以表达这个意思:could +不定式完成式(=could have +过去分词)。

I could have married anybody I wanted to .(=I was able to marry anybody ……,but I didn’t .)我本来可以想跟谁结婚就跟谁结婚的。

I could have killed her !(= I was so angry that I was capable of killing her , but I didn’t .)我本来会宰了她的!

You could have helped me !(=you were able to help me –why didn’t you? )你本来可以帮我一把嘛!

这种结构也可用于条件句(意思等于 would have been able to …).

I could have won if I hadn’t fallen over.(= I would have been able to win )要不是我摔了一跤,我本来是会赢的。

这种结构如果用了否定形式,则表达即使我尽力而为了,也还是未能做成

I couldn’t have won , so I didn't’ go in for the race

反正我也赢不了,所以我就没有参加赛跑

I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more - - it was perfect

我玩得没法再痛快了简直痛快极了。

关于can could, maymight表示可能性的用法:

*Will you answer the phone ? It can be your mother .

*According to the radio it can rain this evening.

这是两个错误的句子,为什么呢?can的用法与maymight 不同。我们用can来谈论更为一般性的或理论上的可能性,而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。也就是说can通常不用来表示某种实际发生的可能性或真实性。当我们要表达发生某事的实际可能性时,我们用could(或may , might)。因此上述两个句子中的can应当换成could ( may , might)。试比较:

One can travel to Holland by boat by hovercraft or by air .到荷兰去,可以乘船,乘气垫船或乘飞机。

I may fly to Amsterdam next week. 我也许下周坐飞机去阿姆斯特丹。

我们不用can来表达某事将会发生的可能性,而是用maymight来表示。

We may go climbing this summer .今年夏天我们可能会去登山。

could 用来表达某事仅仅有发生的可能性,并不表示特别有可能发生。

We could go climbing this summer , but I doubt if we’ll have time.今年夏天我们可能去登山,但是我怀疑我们是否有时间去。

It could rain later this evening. 晚上可能下雨。

may mightcould也可以来表示在说话时某事可能是真实的。

You may be right . 可能你是对的。

You could be right but I don’t think you are . 可能你是对的,但是我并不认为你是对的。

This could be your big chance.这可能是你的大好机会。

有时候,只在否定句和疑问句中,can 才用来表达现在可能性。

Who can that be at the door ? 门外会是谁呢?

Can it be Susan ? 会不会是苏姗呢?

What can she possibly want?她可能要什么呢?

It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。

这里就不能说 *It can be Susan*It can be true 这样的句子。

请注意, can’t这样用,意思与must相反。

It can’t be true. she must be mistaken. 这不可能是真的。她一定是弄错了。

cancould与不定式完成式连用(have+过去分词)都表示对过去某事的猜测。can只能用于疑问句和否定句之中。

Where can she have gone? 她会上哪儿去了呢?

She can’t have gone to school——it’s Saturday. 她不可能是去上学了,今天是星期六。

She could have gone off with some friends . 她可能是和几个朋友一起出去了。(不能说:*she can have…)

could 和不定式完成式连用也表示过去没有实现的可能性:某事可能发生,但是却没有发生。

You were stupid to go skiing there –you could have broken your leg . 你到那个地方去滑雪真傻,你可能会摔断腿的。

It wasn’t a good idea to throw the TV out of the window –it could have hit somebody. 把电视机扔出窗外可不是个好法子可能会砸着人的。

这种结构也可以用来批评某人没有完成某事。

You could have told me you had invited people to dinner. (= why didn’t you tell me ?)你本来可以告诉我你已请人来吃饭嘛?

如果要表达某事过去不可能,我们可以用“…couldn’t have done…”这种结构。

My parents wanted me to be a doctor , but I couldn’t have put up with all those years of study . 我父母亲原来想让我当医生,但是学习那么多年我可受不了。

could的用法一样,maymight也可以和不定式完成式连用,表示过去发生某事的可能性。

‘Tom’s very late’—‘He may have missed his train “汤姆这么晚还没起来 “他可能误了火车。

‘What do you think that noise was ?’—‘It might have been a cat. ’“你认为那是什么声音?“可能是一只猫

might也可以用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情。

You were stupid to try climbing up there .You might have killed yourself . 试图在那里攀登是愚蠢的。你也许会摔死的。

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