现在进行时
1) 现在进行时的构成:Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式v-ing现在分词的构成:
什么是音节?闭音节?重读闭音节? 1,英语单词是由字母组成的,字母构成音节。一般来讲有一个元音就是一个音节。含一个元音的词叫作单音节词,含两个或两个以上元音的单词叫作双音节或多音节词。单音节词都是重读音节,双音节和多音节词中一般有一个重读音节,其他的是弱读音节。2,闭音节:闭音节是两个辅音中间有一个元音的音节。例如:not,thank,ten,am,six等。 3,重读闭音节是需要重读的闭音节,如果是单音节一定重读,但是重读符号省略;如果是多音节,一定有一个需要重读。重读闭音节(辅音1+元音+辅音2)中的辅音2在构词法中要双写,如果不重读,如listen中的第二个音节ten(闭音节)中的n就不用双写,因为重读在第一个音节lis上 有一些特殊变化(或者说以Ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing. 2) 现在进行时的基本用法a01534ebbcf78c67ab5c9d008d6fb498.png
因为没有表示将来时的时间状语,所以就按句型来翻译,即现在进行时。809d4c472124c491478f6577f76f193a.png
现在进行时练习
1.造句:
1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)__she is opening the window
now___________________
2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句)______________________
3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)______________________
4.)You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句子)______________________
5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)____________________
6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)__________
二、单项选择
( )1.我在照看孩子.
(A)I am looking after the baby.(B)I'm look aftering the baby.
(C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby.
( )2._____friend's making______a kite.
(A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his
( )3.Is the woman wearing______ yellow your teacher?
(A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having
( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework.
(A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking
( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree.
(A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where
( )6.Is she____something?
(A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats
( )7.你在干什么?
(A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?
(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?
( )8.What are you listening_____?
(A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to
( )9.我正在听他说话.
(A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him.
(C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him.
( )10.They are_____their clothes.
(A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on
( )11.Listen! She____in the classroom.
(A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing
( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers.
(A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing
( )13.______are you eating?I'm eating______meat.
(A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a
( )14.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework.
(A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching
( )15.The children_____football.
(A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a
( )16.They are flying kites.
(A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗?
(C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝.
( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river.
I want_____you.
(A) To go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help
( ) 18.Look.Lucy is_____a new bike today.
(A) Jumping (B) running (C) riding (D) taking
三、用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1. What_________you__________(do)?
2. I_____________(sing) an English song.
3. What________he____________(mend)?
4. He______________ (mend) a car.
5.______you__________ (fly) a kite? Yes,_______.
6.______she___________ (sit) in the boat?
7.______you_____________(ask) questions?
8. We_______________(play) games now.
参考答案
1、She is opening the window now.
Who is cleaning the window?
She is not closing the door now.
I am doing your homework.
They are singing under the tree now.
Are the Young Pioneers helping the old woman?
二、单项选择
ACCCB BCDBD ADABB CAB
三、用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1、are doing 2、 am singing 3、is mending 4、is mending 5、Are flying I am
6、Is sitting 7、 Are asking 8、are playing
现在完成时
现在完成时的基本概念和形式 现在完成时(Present perfect tense)表示动作发生在过去,但与现在情况有关系,即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。 现在完成时由动词have (has) + 过去分词构成。 现在完成时的基本用法 1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成,汉语常用“了”或“过”来表示。如: I have finished my work.我把工作做完了。 We have set up many new factories in this area.我们在这个地区建立了许多新工厂。 She has read all these books.她把这些书都读完了。 2)动作在过去完成,表示“经验”或“结果”。汉语常用“过”来表示。如: Have you ever seen the play The Doll's House? 你看过话剧《傀儡家庭》吗? Yes,I have seen it twice.我看过两遍了。 I have learnt to drive.我学过开车。 The man has lived in China.那人在中国住过。 [注] 注意be在下面句子中的意义。如: Where have you been? -I've been to the laboratory.你上哪儿去了?——到实验室去了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? ―No,I've never been there.你到过杭州吗?——没到过。 How have you been?-I've been well thank you.你近来身体好吗?——谢谢你,我近来很好。 现在完成时与过去一般时的区别 现在完成时和过去一般时都表示在过去完成的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果、影响等,而过去一般时则表示动作发生在过去,一般不表示和现在的关系。试比较: 1)I have lost my pen.我把钢笔丢了。(意即还没找到,现在我没有笔用。) She lost her pen yes today.她昨天把笔丢了。(笔是昨天丢的,现在找到与否,没有说明。) 2)I have been to the Agricultural Exhibition.我看过这个农业展览会。(强调我知道它的内容) I went to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.我上周参观了这个农业展览会。(只说明我上周参观过展览会这件事) 3) Who has opened the door? 谁把门开了?(现在门还开着) Who opened the door? 谁开的门?(指过去,与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着,没有说明。) 4) A:Have you had your lunch? 你吃过年饭没有?(意即你现在不饿吗?) B:Yes,I have.吃了。(意即我现在饱了,不要再吃了。) A:When did you have it 你什么时候吃的?(说话人感兴趣的是“吃”这一动作发生在什么时候。) B:I had it about half an hour ago.我是大约半小时前吃的。 现在完成时的其他用法 1)还可表示动作发生在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。 How long have you been in Beijing ? -I have been in Beijing for four years.你在北京呆了多久?——我在北京呆了四年。 Isaac’s father has been a school teacher since 1968. 艾萨克的父亲从一九六八年以来就当教师。 We haven't had a vacation for a long time.我们好久没放假了。 Three years have passed since we left school.我们毕业已经三年了。 [注]但在下面的句子中,主句的谓语动词可以用现在一般时。如: It is three years since I began to work on the state farm.我在国营农场工作已经三年了。(美国英语用has been,下例同此) It's a long time since I saw you last.好久没见了。 2)在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。 I’ll go with you when I have finished my home work,我做完作业后就和你一块去。 We’ll wait here until you have Written the letter.我们将在这里等你写完信。 Perhaps I’ll know more English after I have learnt it for two years.我学完两午后,懂的英语或许就会多些了。 现在完成时的时间状语问题 1)现在完成时说明的是现在的情况,是现在时态,因此不能和表示过去时间的状语如yesterday,1asr month,three years ago,in l960等连用。这些时间状语只能和过去时态连用,表示过去的动作。但现在完成时可和表示过去时间的副词just和before连用。如: He has just come.他刚到。 We have seen the movie before,我们以前看过这个电影。 2)现在完成时常和表示不确定的时间的副词already,never,ever,always,yet,not...yet,often等连用。如: Have you ever been in a plane? 你坐过飞机吗? The new books have not arrived yet.新书还没有到。 The Xisha lslands have always been Chinese territory.西沙群岛一直是中国的领土。 Have you heard from him yet? 你接到他的信了吗? They have already finished their experiment.他们已经做完试验了。 Many westerners have never seen a giant panda.许多西方人从没见过大熊猫。 We have often been to the Summer Palace.我们常到颐和园去玩。 3)现在完成时可以和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用,如now,today,this month,this year等。如: We have planted many fruit trees this year.我们今年种了很多果树。 Have you seen Benny today? 你今天见到本尼了吗? We've had a lot of rain this summer.今年夏天雨下得很多。 但如说话人所感兴趣的只是在这段时间内发生了某一动作,而不是这一动作与现在的关系时,须用过去时态。如: The conference opened this month.会议是本月开幕的。 Their farm set up a pumping station this year.他们农场今年新修了一个抽水站。 现在完成时可和疑问副词where,why,how连用,但通常不和疑问副词when连用 (when一般只与过去时态连用)。如: Where have you been? 你去哪儿了?(询问经过情况。如说Where did you go?则只问地点) Why have you turned off the radio? 你干吗把收音机关了?(强调和现在的关系,意即收音机关着。如说Why did you turn off the radio?则强调关收音机这一过去的动作。)
Sometime”是个时间副词,意思是“在某时期”。这个字通常 和“日期”或“时间”连用,出现在句子后半部, 用来固定本来不肯定的时间或日期。例如: ① The accident happened sometime last month ② Let us discuss the matter sometime next week. *“Sometimes”是个频率副词(adverb of frequency),意思和 “occasionally”,或“from time to time”甚接近,就是“有时候”或“偶尔”之意。 “Sometimes”和“sometime”不但意思不同, 所处的位置也不一样。 “Sometimes”可以在下列三处出现: ⒈句首,如: Sometimes, I didn't feel like working. ⒉接系动词“be”之后,如: The new manager was sometimes very hot-tempered. ⒊动词前,如: They sometimes stayed up until 2 o'clock. 从这三个例子看,“sometime”和“sometimes”不但意思不同 , 所处的位置也大相径庭。 就用途来说, “sometime”的用途广些。除了表示“在某时期 ”这意思之外,它也含有“任何时候”的意义,如: * Come over and see me sometime. 这里的“sometime”,可以用“anytime”代替,即: * Come over and see me anytime. 此外,“sometime”可以当形容词用,意思是“以前的”,如: * Dr Chen, a sometime lecturer of chemistry, is now a big company director. 这里的“sometime”不妨以另外一个形容词“former”或前缀“ ex-”来取代: *Dr Chen, a former lecturer of chemistry, is now a big company director. * Dr Chen, an ex-lecturer of chemistry, is now a big company director. **另外,“sometime”和“some time"的意思不同。“Sometime”是“在某时期”;“some time” 是“一段时间”,如:
*All of us have studied English for some time. * Betty has been grumbling for some time. * Please give me some time to think over your proposal. 由于 sometimes, sometime和 some time 各有不同的意思,在同句里出现可以和平共处、相安无事: * Sometimes, I spent some time reading a sometime English lecturer's novel written sometime in 1996. (有时,我花了些时间阅读前英语讲师在 1996 年某时期所撰写的一本小说)
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