翻译语法练习

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汉译英语法练习(一)
Ⅰ、比较结构
(一)比较对比的短语:
比较,与相比comparedwith…,incomparisonwith形成鲜明对照incontrastwith(或to
(1_______________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.[2008.06/90]
(2_______________(和同龄的其他孩子相比),Robertisverytall.
(二)平级比较asasnotasasnotsomuchas(与其说不如说);thesameas
(3Theywillcontactus_______________(尽快).(4Heis_______________(与其说他是位学者)asawriter.(三)morethanmoreandmorethemorethemore
(5Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_______________(我比以前更容易累了).(6Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause___________________(它更加方便和省时).
(7Oncewewereoffthemainfreeway_______________(这趟旅行更像是度假).(8Asthediseaseworsened(他感到走路越来越困难).(9Themoreyouexplain,(我越糊涂).
(10Themorepreparationyoudonow,(考试前你就越不会紧张).(四)否定词+比较级nothingmorethannolessthan不亚于(11SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
(12(她的勤奋不亚于)thanhersister.(五)倍数增减的表示法
(13ForceN1_______________(比力N22.5.
(14Thissubstance_______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍.(15Theearth_______________(是月球大小的49.(16Thelandlord_______________(想将租金提高三分之一.Ⅱ、倒装句
(一)Only引导的状语从句位于句首,句子要倒装(1Onlythen(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术.(2Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice(我们才能做成这笔买卖
(二)句首出现带有否定意义的词位,句子要倒装(3Atnotime(允许吸烟)inthemeeting-room.
(4(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.(三)固定结构Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan(5Scarcelyhadshefallenasleep(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒.(6NosoonerhadAnnearrived(就生病了.Ⅲ、强调句
(1(正是Jefferson写下了theDeclarationofIndependence.(2(正是因为水涨了wecouldnotcrosstheriver.(3(直到我告诉她Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.

汉译英练习(一)参考答案Ⅰ、比较结构
(1ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup(2Comparedwithotherchildrenofthesameage(3assoonaspossible(4notsomuchascholar
(5Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore(6itismoreconvenientandtime-saving(7thetripfeltmorelikeavacation
(8hefoundwalkingmoreandmoredifficult(9themoreconfusedIam/get/become(10thelessnervousyoullbebeforetheexam
(11nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading/nothingattractsmemorethanreading(12Sheisnolessdiligent/hardworkingthanher(13is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN2(14reacts3timesasfastastheotherone(15is49timesthesizeofthemoon(16wantstoraisetherentbyathirdⅡ、倒装句
(1didthedoctorrealizethatthepatientneededanoperation(2canweclosethedeal/concludethebusiness(3issmokingpermitted
(4Notuntilhehadfinishedhismission(5whenaknockatthedoorawakenedher(6thanshefellillⅢ、强调句
(1ItwasJeffersonwhowrote
(2Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthat(3ItwasnotuntilItoldherthat汉译英练习(二)Ⅳ、虚拟语气(一)非真实句的虚拟
基本形式(主要考与过去和现在将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚
1Thevictim_______________________(本来会有机会活下来ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.
2IfIhadnt_______________________(警告你,你就可能丧命了.3If_______________________(如果我是你,Ishouldntbeworried.4Ifyou________________(在那里住上一段时间,你就会改变对那地方的看法了.5IfI_______________________(昨天跟他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了.
6IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you____________________________(你就不可能像现在这么笑了.
在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件

7Wereyouinmyplace,_______________________(你也会这样干的.
8Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_________________(这项法案早就通过了.9Shouldtherebeanotherwar,____________________(人类的生存就会有危险.
otherwise(要不然,否则,butfor(若不是,若非经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语10Butforhishelp,_________________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了.11Marycouldnthavereceivedmyletter,_____________(否则她上周就该回信了).
wish/ifonly(但愿,真希望,要是就太好了)
12IfonlyI_______________________(能通过大学英语四级考试!
13LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI___________________(听你的.14SometimesIwishI_____________________(生活在一个不同的时间和空间.15Jackwishesthat______________________(他在大学学的是商务而不是历史.(二)wouldrather,Its(about/hightime(该是的时候了,asif/asthough后引导的从句虚拟
16Iwouldrather_________________________(你明天来.
17Hughusuallytalks_________________________(仿佛他是老板似的.
18Its(hightimethatsomething______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题.(三)(should+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式
信号词:表示建议、命令、要求、想法的动词和名词.....;带有感情色彩的形容词...;连词..lest19Theprofessorrequiredthat_______________________(我们交研究报告.20Weinsistthat_______________________(让杰克立刻进医院.
21Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat________________(取消期中考试.22Itisridiculousthat__________________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水.23Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren____________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利.
24Itisessentialthat______________________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备.25Itisashamethat_____________________(他竟然欺骗了那个可怜的小女孩!26Hewalkedlightly_______________________(以免惊醒婴儿.27Takeyourraincoat_______________________(以防下雨.Ⅴ、情态动词
1Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople___________(出门在外时可能会感到孤单.2Thephoneisringing,butthereisnoanswer.________________(她一定不在家.3Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight.__________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了.4_______________________(我没必要穿上我最好的套装togototheparty;mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.汉译英练习(二)参考答案Ⅳ、虚拟语气
1wouldhavesurvived
2warnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled3Iwereyou
4livedthereforawhile,youwouldchangeyourmindaboutthatplace5hadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow6youcouldntbesmilinglikethisnow

7youwoulddothesame
8thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier
9theexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy10Icouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice11otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedtomelastweek12IcouldpasstheCET-413hadfollowedyouradvice
14werelivinginadifferenttimeandspace
15hehadstudiedbusinessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity16youcametomorrow
17asif/thoughheweretheboss
18weredonetosolvetheproblemoftrafficjam19we(shouldhandinourresearchreport20Jack(shouldbesenttohospitalrightnow21Themid-termexam(shoulddecancelled
22we(shouldbeshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining23thesechildren(shouldbedeprivedoftherighttoreceiveeducation24everyone(shouldbepreparedforemergency25heshoulddeceivethatpoorlittlegirl26lestheshouldawakenthebaby27incaseitshouldrainⅤ、情态动词
1mightfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome2Shecantbeathome
3Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible4Ineednthaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty
汉译英练习(三)Ⅵ、不定式
1Itwasagreatachievement__________________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼.2Itisnecessary_______________________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉.3Itisgenerous_______________________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民.4Theteacherdecided_____________________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生.5Mr.Greenwaswondering____________________(是否去看望在法国的儿子.6Thegardener_______________________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水.7We_______________________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座.

8Hefeelsitchallenging________________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席.9Wehopetohavemoreopportunities_______________________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践.
10Thebadweather____________________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划.11Theenvironmentalistsareagainst_________________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定.
12SallyRidewasthefirst_____________________(探索外部空间的美国妇女.13Theyliftedarock_______________________(结果砸了自己的脚.14Hewassurprised_____________________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学.15Iamsorry_______________________(占用了您这么多时间.16Ihappened_______________________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口.17Shedoesntlike_______________________(被当作客人.
18Ifyouwanttosavemoney,youdbetter______________(到校园书店买旧书.19Wedidnothing_______________________(除了整天打桥牌.20Weweremade_______________________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚.Ⅶ、分词
1ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard___________(用意大利语唱祝你生日快乐”.2Thecars_______________________(停在消防通道的willbeticketed.3Thewarwentonforyears,____________________(夺去了成千上万人的生命.4Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus_____________(将平均产量提高了15%.5_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书,westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.6________________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了,theydecidedtopayforhis
education.
7_______________________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看,Einsteinwasa
simple,modestandordinaryman.

8__________________(好久没有收到父母的来信了,hewasworriedaboutthem.Ⅷ、动名词
1_______________________(每天洗冷水澡doeshimalotofgood.2Theytriedtoavoid_______________________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情.3Developingvarietiesisthekeyto_____________________(使我们的产品进入国际市场.
4Itisnouse_______________________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣.5Hedenied_______________________(偷看了同桌的试卷.
6Wecongratulatedheron_______________________(被提升为经理.汉译英练习三参考答案Ⅵ、不定式
1tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months2forustohaveagoodnightssleepbeforethetest
3ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea4nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass5whethertovisittheirsoninFrance
6warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon7invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart
8tobethechairmanofstudentsunioninsolargeauniversity9toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice10ruinedourplantoshowthefilmintheopenair
11thedecisiontobuildanuclearpowerstationinthesuburbs12Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace13onlytodropitontheirownfeet
14tomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage

15tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime
16tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin17tobetreatedasaguest
18gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks19butplaybridgethewholeday
20towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroomⅦ、分词
1HappybirthdaytoyousunginItalian2parkedinthefirelane
3killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople4raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent
5Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook6Deeplymovedbytheboysdeeds7Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend
8NothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtimeⅧ、动名词
2Takingacoldbatheveryday
3makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidntliketodo4gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket5cryingoverspilledmilk
6havingpeekedathisneighborstestpaper7beingpromotedtomanager汉译英练习(四)Ⅸ、名词从句主语从句

1___________________________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南isstillasecret.2________________________(最让我不解的wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.3_____________________________(这么做是故意的becameobvious.较长的主语从句可以后置,用it作形式主语
4Itisnotclearyet_____________________________(谁应该为这件事负责.5Itisnoneofyourbusiness_____________________________(玛丽与谁订婚.宾语从句
6Dontputofftilltomorrow____________________________(今天能做的事.表语从句
7Thisnovelisjust_____________________________(我一直在寻找的.同位语从句
8Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty_________________(主席会同意他的提议.whether/if引导的从句
9_____________________________(她是否喜欢那个礼物isnotcleartome.10Mymainproblemrightnowis_______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款.11Italldependson_____________________________(他们是否会支持我们.Ⅹ、定语从句
先行词为地点,定语从句通常由where引导
1Everydaymanytouristscometovisit_________________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子.2ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis_____________________________(们可以合作的领域.
先行词为时间,定语从句通常由when引导
3Theoldladydied____________________________(在她儿子到达的那天.先行词为reason,定语从句通常由why引导
4Thisis____________________________(我赞成这一提议的理由.

whose引导的定语从句
5Mr.King,___________________(金先生腿受重伤,wastakentothehospital.非限制性定语从句
6Someoftheroadswereflooded,________________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难.7Heintroducedmetohisstudents,_____________________________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生.as引导的定语从句
8____________________________(众所周知,waterisaliquid.Ⅺ、状语从句让步状语从句
1_____________________________(不管我们谈论什么,Jimbringspolities
intothediscussion.
2Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,______________________________(无论我要作出什么牺牲.
3_____________________________(不管哪一方获胜,Ishallbesatisfied.4Leavingonesjob,_____________________________(不管是什么工作,
isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.目的状语从句
5Weclimbedhigh______________________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景.6______________________________(为了挣钱供我上学,motheroftentakes
onmoreworkthanisgoodforher.结果状语从句
7Theproblemsoverycomplicated_________________(花了我们两个周才解决.条件状语从句
8Youcangoout_________________________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来.

方式状语从句
9Irememberthewholething________________________(仿佛是昨天发生的.汉译英练习四参考答案Ⅸ、名词从句
1WhytheylefttheirhometownforYunnan2Whatconfusedmemost3Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose
4whoshouldberesponsibleforthismatter5whomMaryisengagedto6whatcanbedonetoday7whatIhavebeenlookingfor
8thatthechairmanwouldagreetothisproposal9Whethershelikesthepresent
10whetherIshouldaskforanotherloan11whethertheywillsupportusⅩ、定语从句
1thehousewhereLuXunwasborn
2thefield(wherewecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate3onthedaywhenhissonarrived
4thereasonwhyIaminfavorofthisproposal5whoselegswerebadlyhurt
6whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult7mostofwhomwereEnglishmajors8AsisknowntoallⅪ、状语从句

1Whateverwetalkabout
2whateversacrificeIhavetomake3Whicheversidewins
4nomatterwhatkindofjobitis/nomatterwhatitis5sothatwemightgetabetterview
6Inorderto/Toearn/make/getmoneyfor/financemyeducation7thatittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveit
8aslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11atnight9asifithappenedyesterday



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