Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握关系副词引导的定语从句。
通过本节课的学习掌握介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系副词引导的定语从句
where引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候，连接词就是where。而且先行词通常是place, house, city, country等等
。
先行词为名词，但是加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语。
We will start at the point where we stopped. 我们从上次停止的地方开始吧。
分析从句的成分：主语为we, 谓语为stopped，并且此处stop为不及物动词，从句不需要宾语。先行词加上介词at在从句中做地点状语。注意此处的at并不是主句中的at，而是根据从句的逻辑意义增加的介词at，相当于at which we stopped.
The building where he lives is very old. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。
把从句的含义补全应该为：he lives in the building，先行词building加上介词in在从句中做状语，关系词用where或in which。
Put it at the place where you have found it. 把它放在你发现它的地方。
分析从句的句子成分，主谓宾齐全，结构完整，先行词在从句中充当地点状语。
The city where we spent our holidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。
分析先行词和从句的关系，“我们在这个城市度假”，where相当于in the city，作从句的地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的从城市。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。
This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．
这种植物在温暖潮湿的地方长得最好。
—What do you think of teacher, Bob? Bob，你认为老师这种职业怎么样？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 我发现它有趣而有挑战性。这是一份你做着严肃而有趣的事情的工作。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同方式看待自己的地方是很有帮助的。
When引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候，连接词就是when，而且先行词通常是time, day, night, moment等等表示时间的名词。
He was born in the year when the earthquake took place. 他出生在地震发生的那一年。
分析从句句子成分：主语the earthquake，谓语took place，无需宾语，先行词the year在从句中只能加上介词in充当从句的时间状语，所以用表示时间状语的when/ in which。注意：the year前的介词in为主句中的介词，跟从句无关，从句中的in是分析先行词和从句的逻辑关系而得出的。
She looked fine at the time when I saw her. 我看到她的时候她看起来不错。
先行词time加上介词在从句中做时间状语。
July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest. 七月通常是天气最热的一个月。
Tell me the time when he was killed. 告诉我他被杀的时间。
P lease let me know of the day when you will arrive in Beijing. 请告知我们你将到北京的时间。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于来到了。
She’ll never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
她永远都不会忘记那次停留，那时他找到了两年前失踪的儿子。
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.
音乐会两部分之间有中场休息，观众在那时可以买点冰淇淋。
Why引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是why，而且先行词通常是reason。
That is one of the reasons why I hate you. 这是我讨厌你的原因之一。
先行词the reasons加上介词for在从句中做原因状语，介词for是从句的逻辑关系补充的。从句补全为：I hate you (for) the reasons.
The reason why he changed his mind is not clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。
同理，the reason在从句中做原因状语。
Do you see any reason why he refused to help? 你明白他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？
I want to know the reason why he left so early. 我想知道他这么早离开的原因。
The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.我首次遇到曼德拉的时候是我一生中很艰难的时候[来源:1]
但要注意，连接词的选择不能只看先行词的内容，最关键的就是看先行词在从句中的成分。
有同学一看到先行词是表示地点的名词，选择where；看到先行词为表示时间的名词，选择when；看到先行词为reason，选择why；这种做法是不对的，关键是看先行词在从句中做哪种成分。
比较下面句子：
March 22 is the day when I was born. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。（先行词the day在从句中作时间状语：I was born on the day.）
March 22 is the day (which/that) I will never forget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。（先行词the day在从句中作forget的宾语：I will never forget the day.）
Would you please tell me the reason why you are late again for work? 你能告诉我你又一次迟到的原因吗？
Would you please tell me the reason which/that at least sounds true this time?你能告诉我这次听起来更真实点的原因吗？
I saw them in the park where a lot of people were singing. 我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园里看到他们。
I saw them in the park which/that was built 10 years ago. 我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。
The Science Museum, which we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 我们上次去英国参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一。（先行词the Science Museum 在从句中作主语。）
The reason that you gave me just now was just an excuse. 你刚才给我的理由只是一个借口。（先行词the reason在从句中宾语。）
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses which are built close to each other. (从句部分缺主语，填入关系代词)
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.（从句部分的谓语keep为“保存好”的意思，不带宾语，填入关系副词）
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （从句部分的谓语lend和ask for为及物动词，但各自已经带了宾语，填入关系副词）
2.分析句子结构，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词，分析其后是否已经有宾语；如缺宾语则选择关系代词；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词，则选择关系副词。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
= Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉就是我向他寻求建议的黑人律师。
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在后面，如look for, look after, take care of
This is the watch for which I am looking.(错)
This is the watch which I am looking for. (对)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (错)
The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking are very healthy. (对)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbor. (错)
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. (对)
例1. (2019北京) Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
例2. (2019天津) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
例3. (2019福建) Students should involve themselves in community activities____________ they can gain experience for growth.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
例4. (2019湖南) I am looking forward to the day________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when D. where
例5. (2019天津)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
基础演练
一．选择填空。从所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. a. I’ll never forget the days ___ we studied together.
b. I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together.
A. that B. / C. when D. on which E. A and B
2. a. This is one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
b. This is the only/very one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were
3. a. This is the only way ___ you can find.
b. I don’t like the way ___ he spoke to his mother.
A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B
4. a. He has two sons, ____ are college students.
b. He has two sons, and ___ are college students.
A. both of which B. both of whom
C. both of them D. both of it
5. a. Galileo collected facts ___ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.
b. Galileo collected facts ___ the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
6. a. He still lives in the room ___ window faces to the east.
b. He still lives in the room, the window ___ faces to the east.
c. He still lives in the room ___ is in the north of the city.
d. He still lives in the room ___ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
7. a. Is this museum ___ they visited last month?
b. ___ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.
A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who
8. a. ___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
b. ___ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
c. ___ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever
9. a. It was eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
b. It was at eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
巩固提高
二．句子改错
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1, 2019 is the day when we’ll never forget.
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
9. This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which o ur team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
一、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________________(他能求助). (turn)
2. The Yellow Crane Tower, ____________________(位于) Wuhan, attracts a lot of tourists every year.
3. These students will graduate from the university next summer, __________(到那时)they will have studied here for four years. (time)
4. There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs _________________(他们俩都引以为豪). (take)
5. “Is this temple ______________(你参观过的)a few weeks ago?” He asked me. (pay)
6. He is unlikely to find the place _______________（他居住过的地方）forty years ago. (live)
7. The reason ____________________（ 你的信已被退回）is that I don’t live there any more. (return)
二．把下面句子组合成含定语从句的句子。
1. He grew up in the small town.
After graduation, he returned to the small town.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. I work in a business.
Almost everyone is waiting for a great chance there.
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3. The factory fell down in the earthquake.
My father used to work in the factory.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. I will never forget the day.
I met him on that day.
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5. Many things are done on computers these days.
We live in the days.
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6. I usually played hide-and-seek with my friends in my childhood.
I still remember my childhood.
_________________________________________________________________________________
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一、单项选择
( )1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
( )2. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
( )3. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. w hich C. about which D. with whom
( )4. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
( )5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
( )6. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
( )7. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
A. o f which B. which of C. of them D. of that
( )8. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has more than 100 storeys.
A. the higher of them B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them D. some of which
二．阅读理解
In October, 1961. at Crowley Field in Cincinnati, Ohio, an old, deaf gentleman named William E Hey stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired (退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier, in 1903. However, he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was horn in Houckstown, Ohio, on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation, he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.
Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh (Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888, he started as an outfielder (外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season, he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators' leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever; he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19, 1889, he threw out three batters (击球手) at the plate from his outfield position.
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike, and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years, people talked about Hoy's last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy made a wonderful play which won the game. It was a very foggy night and, therefore, very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning (棒球的一局), with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Ms Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game.
After he retired, Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961, William Hoy died at the age of 99
( )1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy's life?
a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker.
b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.
e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d, e, a, c, b B. e, a, c, b, d
C. d, a, e, c, b D. e. a, b, c, d
( )2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy ________in his late years.
A. became famous B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition
( )3. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball
B. baseball game rules and important players
C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people
D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
( )4. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.
C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy's family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
三．书面表达
假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：
李明：高个子，戴眼镜
航班号：CA985
到达：8月6日上午11:30
注意：1. 词数100左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和介绍语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
How are you doing?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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