Unit 1 Text A
Language Sense Enhancement
1. the fierce resistance 2. the long march 3. the devastating enemy 4. bleak 5. launched 6. military might 7. mowed down 8. campaign 9. a painful lesson 10. the aid
Language Focus
Vocabulary
I.
1. 1) alliance 2)at the cost of 3) stroke 4)limp 5)minus 6) regions 7) declaration 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2)get bogged down 3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6)dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) head to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock worker’s strike
3) will/should never get in the way of her career
4) caught the foreign minister off guard
5) of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete
4. 1) Being faced with/the occupation of/regions
2) crucial to/efficient/to reckon with/weaken/be brought to a halt
3) a heroic/the decisive/turned the tide/siege/by launching
II. More Synonyms in the Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth make careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/home-work paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) fall ill 2) lay dead from a heart attack 3) dropped dead from a heart attack 4) fell asleep 5) marrying young 6) to sit still for longer than a few minutes
Comprehensive Exercises
I.
1. 1) invasion 2) stand in the way 3) catching…off his guard 4) launching 5) declaration 6) campaign 7) drag on 8) reckon with 9) bringing 10) to al halt
2. 1) allow 2) reckoned 3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly 6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage 9) observing 10) powerful
II.
1. 1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been out of a job for 3 months, Phil is increasingly getting desperate.
4) Sam, as the project manager is decisive, efficient and accurate in his judgment.
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as a source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it at the cost of 100 jobs.
2. The offensive had lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland, and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckily enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over, we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Text B
Comprehension Check
1. d d b a b d
Translation
1. 6月5日被选为进攻日，是因为要留下一个安全量，以防万一进攻需要推迟。
2. 然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，在这个时候会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙的可能性微乎其微。
3. 要是在原定地区登陆的话，德军海岸炮群无疑会拼命抵抗并给盟军造成惨重伤亡，而在新登陆区的登陆几乎没有遭到任何抵抗。
4. 尽管困难重重，艾森豪威尔在与恶劣天气的赌博中赢得了胜利。
Language Practice
1. d h b a f e c g
2. 1) boast 2) obstacles 3) was concerned 4) call…off 5) paid off 6) was pinned down
7) contesting 8) prior to 9) hold out 10) objective 11) responsible 12) in case
Unit 2 Text A
Language Sense Enhancement
1. care 2. impact 3. orbiting satellites 4. warn of 5. location 6. at any given time 7. vibrate 8. detected 9. calculate 10. converted
Language Focus
Vocabulary
I.
4. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4)take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately
5. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 5)starting up 6)went through 7) fill out 8) fall into
6. 1) incorporates all the latest safety features
2) two trees ten feet apart
3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm
4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars
5) are correlated in all racial groups
4. 1) the application/ has turned into a reality/ are poised to
2) that vibrate/can detect/frequency
3) lanes/are mounted in/alert a /hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words: kilogram/memorandum/gymnasium/liberation/doctor/veterinarian/preparatory/ automobile/influenza
Blends: medical care/electronic mail/communications satellite/news broadcast/sky hijack/ European dollar/breakfast and lunch/television broadcast/Oxford and Cambridge
III. Usage
1) swimming pool 2) drawing board 3) enriched Middle English 4) disturbing change 5) fully developed prototype 6) canned food 7) working population 8) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I.
3. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
4. 1) generates 2) related 3)revolutionized 4) enable 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II.
3. 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with
global temperatures
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
4. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
Text B
Comprehension Check
2. a c c d b b
Translation
5. 这类系统易受气候变化的影响， 提供的数据不够精确，但他们不需要特别的道路设施，只需要将车道标志维护好就行了。
6. 然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。
7. 电子驾驶应用的最大障碍可能在于人们普遍认为认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难，更昂贵。
8. 考虑到这些运用安全自动化交通运输系统的经验，开发由自动控制系统操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。
Language Practice
3. c a e b f g d h
4. 1) en route 2) matures 3) equivalent 4) feasible 5) in cooperation with 6) exposure
7) at the start of 8) thereby 9) implemented 10) realistic 11) component 12) by means of
Unit 3
Key to Part II Reading Task
Content Questions:
Pair Work:
1. He runs a manufacturing company.
2. Almost all of them were no.
3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.
4. Prepare to win.
5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.
6. A 90-year-old player who wanted to work on his weakness – backhand court.
7. Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.
8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.
9. His efforts to make a difference.
10. He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.
11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.
12. Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.
Text Organization:
1.
Part One. Paras. 1-6: An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.
Part Two. Paras 7-27: Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.
Part Three. Paras 28-31: Make your own tracks in whatever you do.
2. Suggestions Examples
1) Prepare to win 1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning 2) a 90-year-old tennis player
3) Believe in yourself, even when 3) the four-minute mile, the New York
No one else does. Marathon and the Vietnam veteran
4) Find a way to make a difference 4) a New York cabdriver
Language Sense Enhancement:
(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings
(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating (8) hand-delivered
(9) prepared (10) prospective
Vocabulary:
I.
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary.
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference
5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective
9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
2. Use the verb in the brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and complete the sentence with it.
1) go after 2) look back on/at 3) be put up 4) stood for
5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in the brackets, keeping the same meaning.
1) grilled her about where she had been all night.
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace.
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars
4. Complete the sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets.
1) applicants; veteran; the prospective
2) From his standpoint; has made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. behave
2. keep (used to avoid repetition)
3. clean
4. get along
5. perform/complete
6. perform/complete
7. study
8. be enough
9. be acceptable
III. Usage:
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises:
I. Cloze.
1. Text-related:
(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond
(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference
(12) follow up
1. Theme-related:
(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples (5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously (9) probably (10) exhibit
II. Translation:
1. Translate the sentences into English.
1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.
2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.
4) If I had know beforehand that you would bring some many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
2. Translate the passage into English.
Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.
Unit 4
Key to Part II Reading Task
Content Questions:
Pair Work:
1. Because he feels he is completely international.
2. What he means is that if one has a network of friends and enjoys what one is doing, one can function well anywhere in the world.
3. It refers to a member of the international business elite who treks each year to the Swiss Alpine town of Davos for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum.
4. The issues include everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implication of nanotechnology.
5. They all believe that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, international marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
6. He describes Davos Man as an emerging global superspecies and a threat.
7. Yes, global trade has been around for centuries. In the past, the corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products.
8. It predicted that four economies – Russia, Brazil, India and China – will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographics and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the US and Japan from the top six economies in the world.
9. It refers to low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world.
10. Unlike Davos Man, Manila Woman is strongly patriotic.
11. Because he thinks that there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world.
12. Davos Man needs to figure out how to strike a balance on a global scale between being international and being national at the same time.
Text Organization
Working on Your Own:
1.
Part One, Paras. 1-3: introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum
Part Two. Paras. 4-5: Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture
Part Three. Paras. 6-8: History of globalization and its recent trands and future prospects
Part Four. Paras. 9-11: Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces
2. Main Events:
2) Davos Man seen their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.
3) Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, it both welcome and unstoppable.
4) Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, international marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.
(1) both see their identity (2) birth (3) incidentally (4) annual
(5) networking (6) implications (7) Whatever their considerable differences
(8) unimpeded flows (9) interconnected marketplace (10) advantageous
Language Focus
Vocabulary:
I.
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box.
1) advantageous 2) let alone 3) witnessing…vanishing 4) landmark
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