不定式用法小结及经典练习

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动词不定式用法

◆动词不定式(todo)是一种非谓语形式,在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用,在句子中,除了不能作谓语之外,可以充当其它任何一种成分:主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补和状语。◆结构
①一般式todo.表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
Iplantolistentomusicthisafternoon.
②完成式tohavedone.表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.③被动式tobedone.
Nobodylikestobelaughedat.
④否定式nottodo否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.
Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.
◆不定式做主语
不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek.Toseeistobelieve.
当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。itisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuturewillbelike.
It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:
aItis+形容词(important,difficult,inconvenient,foolish,kind...(for/ofsb.+不定式ItisessentialtoreserveatableinadvanceofChristmasEve.ItisimportantforusyoungpeopletolearnEnglish.
bItis+名词(apleasure,apity,one'sduty,anhonor,ashame,noeasyjob...+不定式Itisapitytohavetogowithouther.
cIttakes(sb.sometime(hours,months,days,alotoftime,patience...+不定式IttakesmethreehourstolearnEnglisheachday.◆不定式作表语
不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。Myjobistohelpthepoorperson.
Themostimportantthingforone'shealthistohaveplentyofexercise.◆不定式作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:want想要),like(喜欢),wish(希望),hate(讨厌),prefer宁愿),hope(希望),fail失败),plan(计划),refuse(拒绝),ask(要求),continue(继续)manage(设法),try(尽力),offer(提供),start(开始),begin(开始),forget(忘记),remember(记得),promise(答应),mean(打算),pretend(假装),intend(想,打算),attempt(尝试,企图),decide(决定),learn(学会),desire(渴望,请求),agree(同意),care(关心,喜欢),choose(选择),determine(下决心),expect(期望),afford(负担得起,买得起),demand(需要,要求等。

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Ihavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中:主语+动词+it+形容词+不定式。Wefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwellincollege.使用这种句型的常见动词有:
believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think,等。
◆不定式作宾语补足语
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有:help,wish,want,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,advise,tell,askallow(允许),beg(乞求),command(命令,指挥),invite(邀请),force(强迫),oblige(强迫),get(致使),(建议),encourage(鼓励),persuade(说服),permit(允许,许可),remind(使想起,提醒),request(请求,要求),order(命令),warn(警告,提醒),cause(引起)等。Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno'clock.
I'dneverallowmychildrentobehavelikethat.
注意:当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时,不定式省略to.
感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,listento,observe;使役动词make,let,haveIwillhavethestudentswriteapassageaboutInternet.Letmehearyouplaythepiano.如果上述结构变为被动语态后,则不能省略toHewasseentogoupstairs.
◆不定式作定语
不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词,在句中担任定语。不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,而且放在其他后置定语之后。
Ihavealotofstudytodoaswell,especiallyafterIhavebeensickforawhile.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,itwouldbethis:…TheywerethefirsttocometoChina.注意:如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面就应有必要的介词。
Theyhavealotofthingstotalkabout.talk是不及物动词,必须加上介词about
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.live是不及物动词,room是不定式live这一动作的地点,也必须加上in,否则tolivetheroom是不成立的Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
◆不定式作状语①表目的
做目的状语,常用的结构:todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.Icameearlierspeciallytofindaseatinthefront.②表原因
不定式可以在gladhappy,sorry之类表达感情的形容词后面来修饰该形容词表示…………”的意思。
Iamsorrytotroubleyou.IamhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.③做结果状语
常与副词only,enoughtoo连用。

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Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.Sometimes,Iamtooweaktogotoschool.
.独立结构
tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth,tobeginwith等。Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.◆与疑问词等连用
不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语◆不定式的省略
(1.不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2.不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.
e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.
练习
(1.Shepretended______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen(2.Therearefivepairs______,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.
A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing(3.Itseemsthathehasnopen______.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
(4.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompanies
arestriving______theirproductsmorecompetitive.
A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemakeD.havingmake(5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake(6.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______
whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
(7.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust____a
lookatthesportsstar.
A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have(8.---Whysoserious,dear?
---Nothing.I’mjustthinkingabouttheproblem_____tomorrow.
A.discussedB.willbediscussedC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed(9.---IsBobstillperforming?
---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_____thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.
A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft(10.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.
A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep(11.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.

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A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake(12.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
(13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottorideD.donotto
(14.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.
A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking
(15.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavinga
hardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
(16.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit
.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.
1.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou__________thisstoryforchildren.
2.After__________(thinkeverythingover,shedecided___________(notresignherpost.3.You’dbetter________(notgetannoyedatthisignorance.
4.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeverythingseems_____________(goonsmoothly.
5.Itmightbebetter_______(try_________(discussinhislanguageasheisn’tusedto________(speakinEnglishyet.
6.Ifyoucouldn’tgetanything_________(openthebeerbottlewith,whynot________(try__________(openitwithyourteeth?
7.Heranalltheywaytothestationonly________(findthetrainhadleft.8.---Didhemanage__________(carrythetruckupstairs?
---No,hedidn’t.Heisn’tstrongenougheven_________(moveit.
9.Sheremembered__________(passonmostoftheinformation,butsheforgot____________(mentiononeortwoofthemostimportantfacts.10.Hisattempt__________(solvetheproblemfailedagain.
11.Theenemywasreported____________(runawaytwodaysbefore.12.AllIamtryingtodois___________(clearalltherubbishhere.
13.InthelibraryInoticedDiana__________(talkforamomentwithDavid.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1学好一门外语对我们将来的工作很重要。
2务必记住在交朋友时彼此理解尤为重要。
3近来李老师很忙,他要在20日之前写完他的报告。
4李华比以前都用功,因为他想赶上他的同学。
5禁止随地扔垃圾,吐痰和抽烟。
4

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