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首页 > 上海长宁嘉定区2018年高三一模 英语(完整资料).doc

上海长宁嘉定区2018年高三一模 英语(完整资料).doc

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长宁区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试
英语试卷
（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）
2017年12月21日上午
第I卷（共100分）
I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA
Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.
1.A.Interesting.B.Reasonable.C.BrilliantD.Ridiculous.2.A.Atapublishinghouse.B.Inaprintingshop.C.Atabookstore.D.Inalibrary.3.A.Anactor.
B.Atranslator.
C.Adirector.D.Awriter.4.A.Receptionistandguest.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Managerandcustomer.D.Interviewerandjobhunter.5.A.Themodels.B.Thenewfashion.C.Theshow.D.Thesecretgirls.
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6.A.Moved.B.Young.C.Satisfied.D.Old.7.A.Anamazingarticle.B.Aboringbook.C.Alocalelection.D.Afascinatingtopic.8.A.Thewomanisthinkingofchangingheridea.B.Thewomangivesthemansomanychoices.C.Themandislikesthefoodofferedthere.D.Themanhastroubledecidingwhattoeat.9.A.NoonehasJackie'ssignature.
B.OthersdesireJackie'ssignaturemorethanJim.C.JimwantsJackie'ssignaturemost.
D.ThewomanshowsnointerestinJackie'ssignature.10.A.Mr.Johnsonhasnoideawheretogettheresult.B.Mr.Greenisthepersontoannouncetheresult.C.Mr.Johnsonwon'tknowtheresultuntilMonday.D.Mr.Greenhasn'tgottheresultuptillnow.

SectionB
Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearonelongerconversationandtwoshortpassages.Aftereachconversationorpassage,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Theconversationandthepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperand
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decidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.
Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Hetoldaliedaysago.B.HewasrobbedintheRiogames.
C.Hebroketherecord.D.Hewasattractedbynewsponsors.
12.A.Theymetthefakepoliceman.B.Theyquarreledwithsecurityguards.
C.Theygotintofightswitheachother.D.Theylosttheirpersonalproperty.
13.A.Betterlatethannever.B.Honestyisthebestpolicy.
C.Doingisbetterthannever.believing.
Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Askingforcandies.B.Dressingupincostumes.
C.Hangingroundracingalcohol.D.Havingfuntakingpictures.
15.A.Halloweenisafestivaltimejustforkids.
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D.Seeingis


B.AllthestreetswereclosedoffbythepoliceinTokyo.C.ThebusinesstargetingadultsconsumeexpandsinU.S.D.Adultsfailtofollowthetraditionofcostumewearing.16.A.ThegreatsuccessofHalloweenindustry.
B.ThechangesinthecelebrationofHalloween.C.ThetraditionalpresentationofHalloween.D.ThepopularityofHalloweenfestivalinJapan.
Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Toreturnthemoney.B.Togetasweatshirt
C.Togetamicroscope.D.Toreturnasweater.18.A.Thequalitywassopoor.B.ThelabelwasinChinese.
C.Thecolorwasdarkblue.D.Thepricewastoohigh.
19.A.Becauseoftherefundpolicy.
B.Becauseitemsonfinalsalecouldn'tbeexchangedC.Becauseofthedamageoftheitem.
D.Becausethecustomerdidn'thaveacreditcard.20.A.Appealing.B.Helpful.
C.Informative.
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D.Tricky.


II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA
Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DevelopingCompetentTeaching
Nationsthathavegreatlyimprovedtheirstudents’achievements,suchasFinland,Korea,Singapore,andothers,attributemuchoftheirsuccesstotheirfocusedinvestmentsinteacherpreparationanddevelopment.21(Createasystemthatcanroutinelyhireandprepareteacherseffectivelyandcansupportsuccessfulteachingisthearena(竞技场inwhichtheUnitedStates22(fallbehindthemost.Althoughtherearesomegreatteachersineverycommunity,thelandscapeofthesupportsforqualityteachinglookslikeSwisscheese.Insomestates,theholesaresmaller,andinotherstheyarebigger.Norinnocaseisthereafully23(developsystemofinstructionalsupportevenremotelycomparabletothatinhigh-achievingnations.Andofcourse,aswehaveseen,thesystemistheweakestincommunities24students’needsaregreatest.
SomehavearguedthattheanswertoweakteachingintheUnitedStatesidtoeliminate“barriers”toteaching,suchasteachereducationandcertificationrequirements,allowanyonewhowantstoteachintotheclassroom,andfirethosewhoprovenottobeeffective.Althoughtheinterestinteachingeffectivenessisimportant,thisapproachdoesnotofferstrategy25(ensurethatteacherswillhaveopportunitiestogaintheknowledgeandskillstheyneedinordertobeeffective,orthatallschoolswillhavetheresourcestoattractand
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hirethebestteachers.26doesitprotectthestudentsinlow-incomeschools,whowillbethevictimsofunpreparedandinexperiencedteachersintheyearsuntiltheseteachershavedemonstratedtheirincapabilityandleftthefield.
Aregulation27(focusoneasyaccessandeasyfiringignoresthequestionofhowtodevelopwidespreadteachingskillsandensureastrongsupplyofhighlyableteachersforschools.28suchsupply,principalswillbeunabletohirestrongteacherseveniftheyarefreetohirewhomevertheyarepleasedwith,and,evidenceshowsthatschoolsarelikelytofireweakteachers,29theyfeeltheywon’tbeabletoreplacethem.Eveniftheydo,thereislittleguaranteethatthequalityofteaching30(improve.althoughtherearegoodreasonstoargueforstringerevaluationpracticesforremovingincapableteachersandforrecognizingexcellentones,atheorythatthemajorproblemswithteachingcanbesolvedbycarrotsandsticksaloneleavesthedevelopmentofteachingabilitiestochance.
SectionB
Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.understandingB.encouragesC.resultsD.flexibleE.returnedF.motivatedG.hungerH.constantlyI.satisfiedJ.supposedK.combined

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Whatisleadership？Itsqualitiesaredifficulttodefine，buttheyarenotsodifficulttoidentify.Leadersdon’tforceotherpeopletogoalongwiththem.Theybringthemalong.Leadersgettrustfromothersbygivingitthemselves,bybuildinganenvironmentthat__31___creativity,andbyoperatingwithhonestyandfairness.
Goodleadersdon’tworkalone.Theyrecognizethatanorganization’sstrategiesforsuccessrequirethe__32___talentsandeffortsofmembers.Leadershipisthecatalyst(催化剂fortransformingthosetalentsinto__33___.
Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallylookingintothefuturenotstuckinthepast.Theyhavea(an__34___totakeresponsibilityandtoinnovate.Theyarenot__35___withmerelytakingcareofwhathasalreadybeenthere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.
Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdevotion,andspeakfromexperienceaswellas__36___oftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.
Leadersare__37___ratherthanabsolute.Theybelieveinunityratherthanyielding.Andtheystrivetoachieveagreementsoutofconflict.
Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeople__38___togivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadersmaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’re__39___to.
Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhavetohaveinordertoreceive.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization,fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,desiresandneeds,willfind
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thatrespectis___40___.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.
III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefour
wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
AStudyofPointofViewandArgument
Everydaylifeisaninteractionofview.Sometimestheseinteractionspassbyvirtually___41___,likewhenyoufindyourselfforcedtobythenewestcellphonebutsuddenlystopandaskyourself,“DoIevenneedthisthing?”andthenrealizethatthelatestadcampaignhas____42____youofsomethingwithoutyoureallyknowingit.Sometimestheseinteractionswithothersareobviousanddeeplyfelt,likewhenanemotionalargument____43____overwhyyourfatherwon’tquitsmokingeventhoughhishealthis____44____---youonlyseeyourdesireforhimtobeOK,heonlyseeshisindependence.thentherearethosetimeswhenthosesortsof____45____feeldelighted---likewhenyouvoiceyouropinion,asyoudoeveryyearatthethanksgivingtable,aboutsomepoliticalissues,andfinally---afteryearsoftrying---seethe____46____of“hmm,youmayberight’onyouruncle’sface.
Advertising,media,novelsandeventhepeopleyouloveoftenaimto____47____youropinion.Weseetheusualpracticeofclosereadingnotjustasamethodofdoingtheacademicworkoflookingcloselyattextevidence,wordandstructure,butasanopportunitytobringthosepracticestogether,to____48___ourstudentstoseethe
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subtlemessagesintextsandintheirlivesohelpthembestrongand____49___consumersofideasandreflective,caringmembersofsociety.
Onelarge,multi-yearstudysuggestedthatmanystudentsgraduatedwithoutbeingabletodistinguish____50____fromtheinfluenceofcarefullydesignedopinionsandpublicrelations.Webelieveeducatorscanhelp____51____this.wewantourstudentstobeabletorecognizethepointsofviewandargumentsintextsandinlife----toseewhentheyarehappeningandto____52____engagethem.Wewantourstudentstolistentothosepointsofviewandargumentwithanopenmind---totrulylistentowhatotherpeoplebelieveandrespectfully____53____orquestionwhattheyaresaying.wealsowantourstudentstolivewiththeconfidenceof____54____themselvestomakesound____55____,tomakesenseoftheworld,andtotakerisks.readingcloselyInthiswaycangiveourstudentsahealthyskepticism（质疑态度）whilealsohelpingthemtohaveamoreopenmind.
41.A.unbelievableB.unnoticedC.mistakenD.available42.A.convincedB.informedC.remindedD.expected43.A.takesupB.takesinC.worksoutD.breaksout
44.A.recoveringB.improvingC.failingD.rejecting45.A.interactionsB.functionsC.messagesD.issues
46.A.phraseB.expectationC.reflectionD.look47.A.acceptB.influenceC.misunderstandD.reject
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48.A.engageB.understandC.enableD.recognize
49.A.affordableB.capableC.agreeableD.noticeable50.A.factsB.conclusionsC.conflictsD.arguments51.A.mistakeB.questionC.changeD.discover52.A.flexiblyB.powerfullyC.respectfullyD.actively53.A.lookoutB.takeinC.carryoutD.giveaway54.A.exposingB.engagingC.trustingD.adapting
55.A.improvementsB.appointmentsC.decisionsD.judgments

SectionB
Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageis
followedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.
(A
CompaniesTakePunitiveStepsAgainstSmoker,OverweightWorkersByTimJones
Getreadytosaygoodbyetothedaysofhigh-fatmeals,junkfoodandthatafter-workcigaretteyoualwaysenjoysmokingat-leastifyou
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intendtohaveajobandhealthinsurance.Theruleoftheworkplacearechangingandpersonalbehaviorandlifestylehabits-thoseunrelatedtowhatyoudoatworkare-nowfairgameforemployersdeterminedtocuthealth-carecosts.
Ifyousmoke,youmaynotgethiredandyoucouldgetfired,Ifyoucholesterolistoohigh,youcanpayhigherpremiumsforyouinsurance.Thesamegoesforbloodpressureandbodymass.Therequirementacceptedbyagrowingnumberofcompaniesareencroachingonprivacyandraisingquestionsaboutwhowillqualifyforhealthinsurance,aswellasemployment.
TheClevelandCliniconSept.Istartednicotinetestinginpre-employmentphysicals.Ifnicotineisfound,applicantswillnotbehired.
We-ycoInc,acompanybasedinLansing,Michigan,drewnationalattentionin2005whenitfiredfouremployeeswhousedtobacco.We-ycoperformsrandomtestingevery3months,usuallyofabout30employees.WorkersarerequiredtoblowintoaBreathalyzer-linkdevicethatmeasurescarbonmonoxidelevels.Ifthereadingishigh,employeesarerequiredtotakeaurinetest.Iftheyfail
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theurinalysistwice,theywillbedismissed.
Althoughthousandsofemployeeshaveputinplaceinspirationfortheirworkerstolivehealthierlifestyles,thevastmajorityofemployershavenotyetadoptedtheapproachofpunishingemployeeswhodonotsatisfymedicalorbehavioralrequirements.Butpunitivemeasuresaregainingafootholdintheworkplace,accordingtolawyerandgroupsthatfollowinsuranceandemploymenttrends,becausehealth-carecostsaredouble-digitratesannually.
GrayClimes,vicepresidentofMeritainHealthMichigan,whichnowownsWe-yco,notedthatfiringsdidnotviolateMichiganlawandthat150employeesattheOkemos-basedcompanyhave,overtime,acceptedtherules.Itreallycomesdowntoapersonalchoiceasfarasyouwanttobeemployedhere.”Climessaid.Climessaidthatsince2005,whenwe-ycomadethewellnesspolicythatincludesthatthesmokingban,healthinsurancecostshaveincreasedby2percentayear,wellbelowthenationalaverage.56.Whatistheauthor’sadviceongettingemployed?A.Payinghigherpremiumsofhealthinsurance.B.Quittingsmokingandkeepingawayfromjunkfood
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C.Takingaurinetestbeforeapplyingforagoodjob.D.Studyinghardandknowingmoreaboutthecompany.57.Theitalicizedwordsencroachingoninthepassagemean---A.enrichingB.recoveringC.protectingD.invading
58.We-ycoIne,drewnationalattentionin2005because----A.fourofitsemployeeswerefiredjustforsmokingB.fourofitsemployeesviolatedMichiganlawC.ItshealthinsurancecostshaveincreasedrapidlyD.Adevicewasusedtomeasurecarbonmonoxidelevels59.Whatisthemostprobabletitleofthispassage？A.HealthinsurancecostsareincreasingB.urinetestsarerequiredforeveryemployeeC.mostoftheemployergettoughonhealthD.employeesareprovidedwithgoodhealthcare
(B
PortugueseandSpanishexplorersmadethefirstEuropeanvoyageintounknownwaters.Curiosity,religionandeconomicgoalsdrove
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thesecourageousmenforward.Theirvoyagesresultedingreatadvancesforthesponsoringgovernmentsandservedasthefoundationforfutureempires.
OnemanlargelyresponsibleforPortugal’sinterestinexplorationwasamemberofthePortugueseroyalfamilynamedPrinceHenry.Alsoknownas“TheNavigator”,PrinceHenry’sprimarygoalwastofindgoldforPortugal.ThePortuguesealsohopedtofindawaytotherichspicetradeoftheIndiesandtospreadtheChristianfaith.
HenrygatheredmanyEurope’sbestgeographersandnavigatorstoplanexpeditions.Byabout1420orearlier,hisnavigatorswereexploringwestwardintotheAtlantic,andbythe1430s,theyweremovingsouthwardalongthewestcoastofAfrica.Henry’sexplorersclaimedtheAzoresforPortugal.InAfrica,theybegantotradeforslaves,goldandivory.
ThesuccessoftheseearlyvoyagesofdiscoveryandexplorationcreatedgreatexcitementthroughoutEurope.Successencouragedmorevoyages.In1488,BaritolomeuDiassailedaroundtheCapeofGoodHopeatthesoutherntipofAfrica.AlthoughDiashadtoturnback,hehadfoundtheroutetotheIndianOcean.
Usingthisknowledge,VascodaGamasailedeastwardacrosstheIndianOcean.HelandedinIndiain1498.Severalyearslater,daGamamadeasecondvoyagetoIndia.HereturnedtoPortugal,hisshipsfullofvaluablegoods.
ThankstoDiasanddaGama,anoverseastraderoutefromEuropetoIndiaandtheEastIndieswasnowavailable.RichcargoesofspicesandjewelsarrivedinPortugal.ThisdirectoceanroutesavedthePortuguesefromhavingtodealwithmiddlementraders.Now,
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thePortuguesecouldjourneydirectlytothesourcesofthetradegoodstheysought.Inmanycases,shipscouldcarrygoodsmorecheaplythancouldoverlandcaravans(大篷车.NorcouldPortuguesemerchantsbeblockedorchargedhighfeesbycompetingpowersthatcontrolledoverlandroutes.OverseastradepromisedwealthformerchantsandsailorsandgoodsforEurope’smarkets.
60.ThemainpurposeofHenry’svoyagewasto____________.A.exploretheunknownwatersbeyondEuropeB.findgoldfortheroyalfamily
C.seekforaroutetotheIndianOceanD.expandPortuguesetradetoAfrica
61.WhowasthefirsttofindtheroutetotheIndianOcean?A.PrinceHenry.B.VascodaGama.
C.BaritolomeuDias.D.Portuguesemerchants.62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.
A.Merchantsusedtobechargedhighfeesbymiddlementraders.B.PrinceHenryblockedPortuguesemerchantsalongoverlandroutes.
C.DiasanddaGamawerethepioneerstoreachtheCapeofGood
Hope.
D.TheoverseastraderoutefromEuropetoIndiabenefited
Portugalalot.
(C
ManyUnitedStatescompanieshavemadethesearchforlegalprotectionfromimportcompetitionintoamajorlineofwork.Since
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1980,theUnitedStatesInternationalTradeCommission(ITChasreceivedabout280complaintsallegingdamagefromimportsthatbenefitfromsubsidies(补贴byforeigngovernments.Another340chargethatforeigncompanies“dumped”theirproductsintheUnitedStatesat“lessthanfairvalue.”Evenwhennounfairpracticesareclaimed,thesimpleclaimthatanindustryhasbeeninjuredbyimportsissufficientgroundstoseekrelief(救济.
Contrarytothegeneralimpression,thisrequestforimportreliefhashurtmorecompaniesthanithashelped.Ascorporationsbegintofunctionglobally,theydevelopacomplicatedwebofmarketing,production,andresearchrelationships.Thecomplexityoftheserelationshipsmakesitunlikelythatasystemofimportrelieflawswillmeetthestrategicneedsofalltheunitsunderthesameparentcompany.Internationalizationincreasesthedangerthatforeigncompanieswilluseimportrelieflawsagainsttheverycompaniesthelawsweredesignedtoprotect.SupposeaUnitedStates-owned
companyestablishesanoverseasplanttomanufactureaproductwhileitscompetitormakesthesameproductintheUnitedStates.Ifthecompetitorcanproveinjuryfromtheimports—andthattheUnitedStatescompanyreceivedasubsidyfromaforeigngovernmenttobuilditsplantabroad—theUnitedStatescompany’sproductswillbeuncompetitiveintheUnitedStates,sincetheywouldbesubjecttoduties.
PerhapsthemostshamefulcaseoccurredwhentheITCinvestigatedallegations(控诉thatCanadiancompanieswereinjuringtheUnitedStatessaltindustrybydumpingrocksalt,usedtodeiceroads.Thebizarreaspectofthecomplaintwasthataforeignconglomerate（联合企业）withUnitedStatesoperationswascryingforhelpagainsta
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UnitedStatescompanywithforeignoperations.The“United
States”companyclaiminginjurywasaunitofaDutchconglomerate,whilethe“Canadian”companiesincludedaunitofaChicagofirmthatwasthesecond-largestdomesticproducerofrocksalt.63.Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith_______________A.arguingagainsttheincreasedinternationalizationofUScorporationsB.warningthattheapplicationoflawsaffectingtradefrequentlyhasunintendedconsequencesC.recommendingauniformmethodforhandlingclaimsofunfairtradepracticesD.advocatingtheuseoftraderestrictionsfor"dumped"productsbutnotforotherimports.
64.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheminimalbasisforacomplainttotheITC____________.
A.AforeigncompetitorissellingproductsintheUSatlessthanfairmarketvalue.
B.AforeigncompetitorhasgreatlyincreasedthevolumeofproductsshippedtotheUS.
C.Thecompanyrequestingimportreliefhasbeenbannedfromexportingproducts.
D.ThecompanyrequestingimportreliefhasbeeninjuredbythesaleofimportsintheUS.
65.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?
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A.Itsummarizesthediscussionandsuggestsadditionalareasforresearch.
B.Itmakesarecommendationbasedontheevidencepresentedearlier.
C.Itusesaspecificcasetoillustrateaprobleminthepreviousparagraph.
D.Itintroducesanadditionalareaofconcernnotmentionedearlier.
66.WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobetrueofUStradelaws?A.Theywilleliminatethepracticeof"dumping"productsintheUS.B.Thoseappliedtointernationalcompanieswillhelptogainmoreprofits.
C.TheywillaffectUStradewithCanadamorenegativelythantradewithothernations.
D.Thosehelpingoneunitwithinaparentcompanywon’tnecessarilyhelpotherunits.

SectionC
Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
A.Manyalternativeshavebeensuggestedtothenuclearwastestorage.B.Whydomanypeopleworryabouttheriskofglobal
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warming?
C.Whatifitleaksintothegroundandreacheshumanwatersupplies?D.Tostoreevenpartofthepresentnuclearwasterequiresavastarea.E.Theproblemofnuclearwasteseemstotallyhardtodealwith.F.Todisposeitintotheremoteregionswhicharelesspopulated.
Aspeoplerecognizethedangersoffossilfuelplants,especiallytheriskofglobalwarmingfromcarbondioxideproduction—nuclearpowerbeginstolookmoreattractive.Butwhataboutthewaste—allthathighlyradioactivedebris(残核thatwillendureforthousandsofyears?Nuclearwasteisoneofthebiggesttechnicalissuesthatanyfuturepresidentislikelytoface.______67________Plutonium(钚hasahalf-lifeof24,000years.Evenafter100,000years,theradiationwillstillbeabove10%ofthelevelithadwhenitleftthe
reactor.______68_________Howcanwepossiblyprovethatthismaterialcanbekeptsafefor100000years?
StilltheUSgovernmentpersistsinpursuing“safe”nuclearwastedisposal(处理.IthascreatednuclearwastefacilitiesburieddeepwithinYuccaMountain,Nevada.Tokeepthewastesafe,thestorageroomsare1,000feetbelowthesurface.
_______69__________.Itneedsatleast2squaremiles.Thecostofthefacilityisexpectedtoreach$100billion,withhundredsofbillions
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ofdollarsmoreinoperatingcosts.Tomakemattersworse,
earthquakeshappenoftenintheYuccaMountainregion.Morethan600earthquakesofmagnitudeof2.5andhigherhaveoccurredwithin50milesinthelastdecadealone.Althoughthatwasmillionsofyearsago,howsurecanwebethatthewastefacilitywon’tbetornapartbyanothereruption?
________70_________Whynotjustsendthewasteintothesun?Well,maybethat’snotsuchagoodidea,sinceonlaunchsomerocketsdocrashbackdowntotheearth.Somescientistshaveproposedthatthewastebeputinshipsandsunkundertheoceans.Yetjustthefactthatscientistsmakesuchsuggestionsseemstoemphasizehowtheproblemreallyis.

IV.SummaryWriting
Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(softhepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
Toairlineandairportoperators,fogisanenemy.Whenthewhite,mistyblankethidesrunways,airplanescannottakeofforland.Changesinflightschedulescosttheairlinesseveralmilliondollarseachyear.
Fogisanconcentrationoftinywaterdropletssuspendedintheair.Itmostoftenoccurswhenwarm,mostairissuddenlycooled.Tocleartheairoffog,itisnecessarytoevaporatethedropletsorcausethemtojointogetherandfallasrainorsnow.
In1968,anewfog-sweepingmachinewastestedfor
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dissipating(驱散）themostcommonkingoffog,whichoccursattemperatureabovefreezing.Themachineconsistsof100-foot-longplastictubemountedonamobileblower.Asthemachinemovedacrosstheairport,chemicalswereblownthroughthetubeandupintothefog.Oneofthechemicalsreducesthesurfacetensiononthewaterdropletssothattheywouldjointogethermoreeasily.Anotherchemicalgaveanelectronicchargetothedroplets,sothattheyattractedeachotherandfellasrain.
Coldfog,whichoccursattemperaturesbelowfreezing,causesonlyasmallpercentageofairportshutdowns.Coldfogisfairlyeasytoeliminate.Forquiteafewyears,airportshaveusedcloud-seedingmethodstodissipatecoldfog.Anairplanedropscrystalsofdryiceintothefog.Soon,snowfallsandtheairclears.
Inthe1900s,anotherkindofweaponagainstfogwasdeveloped.Pilotswhoareflyingthroughfogfireapulseoflaserlighttowardtherunway.Thelightthatwouldnormallybereflectedbythefogisscreenedoutbyasensor.Whenthelaserpulsereturns,thesensoropensbrieflytoadmitonlythelightreflectedfromtherunway,thusenablingthelaserto“see”therunwaythroughthefog.
Thesenew“whetherweapons”arehelpingtowinthewaragainstfog.

第II卷（共40分）
V.Translation
Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.
72.让我大吃一惊的是他的态度转变的如此之快。(sudden
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73.除非你在一周内给我满意的答复，否则我将诉诸法律。(Unless
74.出国留学有助于学生学习外语和了解外国文化，但学生应该考虑可能遇到的困难。(consideration
75.研究表明，当人们有压力时，看看有趣的电影或向朋友倾诉是排遣恐惧和悲伤的有效方法。(get

VI.GuidedWriting
Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.
近年来，人工智能（ArtificialIntelligence）发展迅速，人们日益关注AI对人类未来的影响。马云认为，人类创造的机器不可能超越人类。霍金（StephenHawking）则表示：“人工智能的完全发展可能预示着人类的终结。”你同意谁的观点，请说明理由。
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