新概念英语第三册课文及翻译

发布时间:2021-02-16   来源:文档文库   
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Lesson1 A puma at large
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in another, but he has never managed to get enough money to America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began ago and has been silent ever since. to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to ' One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the investigate, for the descriptions given by people who clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times similar.
before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up The hunt for the puma began in a small village where into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 'Whatever it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise. human being unless it is corneredadj.被困得走投无路的). ' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been The search proved difficult, for the puma was often coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, observed at one place in the morning and at another place I was hoping to give you a surprise.' twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.' puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.' now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where 'We'll get used to that Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing is not as good as one but it's better than nothing. Now let's from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in go downstairs and have a cup of tea.' the possession of a private collector and somehow managed 我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金。但始终未能筹to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma 足资金把教堂的钟修好。教堂的钟很大,以前不分昼夜打点报时,was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous 但很多年前遭到毁坏,从此便无声无息了。
wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 一天夜里,我们的牧师突然被惊醒了,大钟又在“打点”报 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物,产于美洲。当伦敦动物园时了!他一看表,才1点钟,可是那钟一边敲了13下才停。牧接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。借着电告并没有受到重视。可是,随着证据越来越多,动物园的专家筒光。他看见一个人,马上认出那是本地杂货店主经比尔.威尔们感到有必要进行一番调查,因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人金斯。 们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。
“你究竟在这上面干什么,比尔?”牧师惊讶地问。
搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇 “我想把这口钟修好,”比尔回答说。“好几个星期了,我女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”,离她仅5码远,她刚看天天夜里到钟楼上来。嗯,我是想让你大吃一惊。”
见它,它就立刻逃走了。专家证实,美洲狮非被逼得走投无路, “你确实使我大吃了一惊!”牧师说,“也许同时你把村里是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难,因为常常是早晨在所有的人都吵醒了。不过,钟又能报时了,我还是很高兴的。” 甲地发现那只美洲狮,晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪 “问题就在这里,牧师,”比尔回答说。“不错,钟能报时迹。无论它走哪儿,一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的了,但是,恐怕每到1点钟,它总要敲13下,对此我已无能为小动物,在许多地方看见爪印,灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美力了。”
洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”;一位商人 “大家慢慢就习惯了,比尔,”牧师说。“13下是不如1去钓鱼,看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那好,但总比1下也不敲强。来,咱们下楼去喝杯茶吧。” 只动物就是美洲狮,但它是从哪儿来的呢?由于全国动物园没 有一家报告丢了美洲狮,因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 豢养的,不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期,的野兽继续逍遥流窜,真令人担心。


Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one
Some time agoan interesting discovery was made by KeaAn American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia IriniThe city at one time must have been prosperousfor it enjoyed a high level of civilizationHouses--often three storeys high--were built of stoneThey had large rooms with beautifully decorated wallsThe city was even equipped with 但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险archaeologists on the Aegeanadj.爱琴海的;n.island of
a drainage systemfor a great many clay pipes were found dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower beneath the narrow streets
and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two The temple which the archaeologists explored was used years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until has never discovered that she married a dustman and Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these will soon be working in an office as a junior clerk. He will represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels The body of one statue was found among remains dating from that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'. have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. 如今,从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许It was very old and precious even then. When the 多。坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”,就是因为他们archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were 通常是穿着硬领白衬衫,系着领带去上班。许多人常常情愿放弃amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very 较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣,此乃人之常情。而这常常modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her 会引起种种奇怪的现象,在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length .布洛斯就是一个例子。
skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she 艾尔弗结婚时,感到非常难为情,而没有将自己的职业告诉was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists 妻子。他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。每天早晨,他穿上一身漂have been unable to discover her identity. 亮的黑色西装离家上班,然后换上工作服,当8个小时清洁工。不久之前,在爱琴海的基亚岛上,考古工作者有一项有趣晚上回家前,他洗个淋浴,重新换上那身黑色西服。两年多以来,的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考艾尔弗一直这样,他的同事也为他保守秘密。艾尔弗的妻子一直察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣,因为它曾享有高度不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工,而且她永远也不会知道了,因为艾的文明,房子一般有3层楼高,用石块修建。里面房间很大,尔弗已找到薪职,不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统,因为在狭窄的街有他现在的一半。不过他觉得,地位升高了,损失点儿钱也值得。道底下发现了许许多多土制作的排水管道。
从此,艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格 考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗斯先生”,而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。 马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发 现了15尊雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神,而且一度上Lesson 5 The facts 过色。其中有一尊雕像,她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to 物中发现的,而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts 文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed 现,并受到精心的保护。却使在当时,它也属历史悠久的珍奇by a well-known magazine to write an article on the 之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后,惊奇地发现那president's palace in a new African republic. When the 位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺,双手article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then 叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙,尽管上了年纪,但体态确实优美。refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps 不过,考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。

Lesson4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs
far more money than clerks who work in offices. People who lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the The journalist immediately set out to obtain these These days, people who do manual work often receive exact number of steps and the height of the wall. work in offices are frequently referred to as' white important facts, but he took a long time to send them. collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as for the Ellesmere Corporation. it had originally been written. A week later, the editor When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been overalls (n.工作服 and spent the next eight hours as a
arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 店橱窗的玻璃砸碎。这开始发生时,泰勒先生正在楼上。他与店15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. 员动手向窗外投掷家具,椅子,桌子飞落花流水在拱廊街上。一 报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实个窃贼被一尊很重的雕像击中,但由于他忙着抢钻石首饰,竟连和统计数字而走向极端。去年,一位记者受一家有名的杂志的疼痛都顾不上了。这场抢劫只持续了3分钟,因为窃贼争先恐后委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立国总统府的文章。稿子寄来后,地爬上轿车,以惊人的速度开跑了。就在轿车离开的时候,泰勒编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。文章的开头是这样的:“几先生从店里冲了出来,跟在车后追赶,一边还往车上扔烟灰缸、百级台阶通向环绕总统的高墙。”编辑立即给那位记者发去传花瓶。但他已无法抓住那些窃贼了。他们已带着价值数千镑的首真,要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。
饰逃之夭夭了。
记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实,但过了好长时间不 见他把数字寄来,在此期间,编辑等得不耐烦了,因为杂志马Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies
上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真,但对方毫无反应。于
Children often have far more sense than their elders. 是他又发了一份传真,通知那位记者说,若再不迅速答复,将This simple truth was demonstrated rather dramatically 被解雇。但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈,勉强按原样发稿了。during a civil defence exercise in a small town in Canada. 一周之后,编辑终于接到记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被Most of the inhabitants were asked to take part in the 捕了,而且还被送进了监狱。不过,他终于获准发回了一份传exercise during which they had to pretend that their city 真。在传真中他告诉编辑,就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围had been bombed. Air-raid warnings were sounded and 墙的1084级台阶时,被抓了起来。
Lesson 6 Smash-and-grab
Piccadilly were just opening. At this time of the morning, thousands of people went into special air-raid shelters. Doctors and nurses remained above ground while Police patrolled the streets in case anyone tried to leave the The police did not have much to do because the citizens The expensive shops in a famous arcade near shelters too soon. the arcade was almost empty. Mr Taylor, the owner of a took the exercise seriously. They stayed underground for jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of twenty minutes and waited for the siren to sound again. On his assistants had been working busily since 8 o'clock and leaving the air-raid shelters, they saw that doctors and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had nurses were busy. A great many people had volunteered to been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. act as casualties. Theatrical make-up and artificial blood After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor had been used to make the injuries look realistic. A lot went back into his shop. of People were lying 'dead' in the streets. The living The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, helped to carry the dead and wounded to special stations. with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down A Child of six was brought in by two adults. The child was the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweler's. One supposed to be dead. With theatrical make-up on his face, man stayed at the wheel while two others with black he looked as if he had died of shock. Some people were so stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the moved by the sight that they began to cry. However, the child window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going suddenly sat up and a doctor asked him to comment on his on, Mr Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing death. The child looked around for a moment and said, 'I furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying think they're all crazy!' into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy 这种事情在你身上出现过吗?你有没有把裤子塞洗衣机,然后statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds 又想在裤子的后兜有一大面值的纸币?当你把裤子抢救出来时,to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, 你有没有发现那纸币已经变得比白纸还白?当英国人犯这种错for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off 误时,他们不必感到绝望(而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr Taylor 觉)对英国人来说,值得庆幸的是英国银行有一个残钞鉴别组,rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, 负责理那些把钱塞进机器或塞给狗的人提出的索赔要求。看起but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got 来,狗很喜欢咀嚼钱币。
away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds. 最近的一个案例与简.巴特林有关,她的未婚夫约翰拥有一 皮卡迪利大街附近的一条著名拱廊街道上,几家高档商店刚家生意兴隆家具店。有一天约翰的生意很好,他把一只装有3,000 刚开始营业。在早晨的这个时候,拱廊街上几乎空无一人。珠英镑的钱包放进微波炉保存。然后,他和简一起去骑马。回家后,宝店主泰勒先生正在欣赏新布置的橱窗。他手下两名店员从早简用微波炉煮了晚饭,无意中之中把她未婚夫的钱包也一起煮8点就开始忙碌,这时刚刚布置完毕。钻石项链、戒指漂亮了。可以想像他们发现一只煮得很好看的钱包,钞票已化成灰时地列在黑色丝绒上面。泰勒先生站在橱窗外凝神欣赏了几分钟的沮丧心情。约翰去找银行经理,经理把约翰的钱包和纸币的残就回到了店里。
留物送到英国银行在纽卡斯尔的一个专门部门——残钞鉴别组。 宁静突然被打破,一辆大轿车亮着前灯,响着喇叭,呼啸他们鉴定了这些残留物。约翰拿回了他损失的全部数额。“只要着冲进了拱廊街,在珠宝店门口停了下来。一人留在驾驶座上,有东西可供识别,我们会把钱还给人家的,”银行的一位女发言另外两个用黑色长筒丝袜蒙面的人跳下车来。他们用铁棒把商人说。“去年,我们对21000 起索赔要求支付了150万英镑。

Lesson8 A famous monastery
cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives. One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to belief that they have nine lives. Apparently, they is a good Italy. At 2470 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in deal of truth in this idea. A cat’s ability to survive Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was falls is based on fact. founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. Recently the New York Animal Medical Centre made a study For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of 132 cats over a period of five months. All these cats of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly had one experience in common: they had fallen off high dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been injuries. Of course, New Yorkis the ideal place for such built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new fall from! One cat, Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt suffered from a broken tooth. Cats behave like to cross the Pass on foot. well-trained paratroopers,’ a doctor said. It seems that During the summer months, the monastery is very the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross themselves. In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles the Pass in cars, As there are so many people about, the an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrel. however, life at the monastery is quite different. The This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock temperature drops to -30 and very few people attempt to of impact when they hit the ground. cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they
猫总能引起人们的极大兴趣。它们可以对人友好,充满柔have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for 情。但是,它们又有自己神秘的生活方式。它们从不像狗和马一they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The 样变得那么顺从。结果是人们已经学会尊重猫的独立性。在它们only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are 的一生中,大多数猫都对人存有戒心。最使我们感兴趣的一件事parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. 情就是一种通俗的信念——猫有九条命。显然,这种说法里面包These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, 含着许多真实性。猫在跌落时能够大难不死是有事实作为依据always receive a warm. Welcome at St Bernard's monastery. 的。
最近,纽约动物医疗中心对132只猫进行了为期5个月的综 圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利,海拔2,473O米,是欧合研究。所有这些猫有一个共同的经历:它们都曾从高层建筑上洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山摔下来过,但只有其中的8只猫死于震荡或跌伤。当然,纽约是1英里远的地方。几百年来,圣伯纳德修道院驯养狗拯救了进行这种有趣的试验的一个理想的地方,因为那里根本不缺乏高许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。那些最先从亚洲引进的狗,楼大厦,有的是高层的窗槛从上往下坠落。有一只叫萨伯瑞的猫待人友好,早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。如今由于山里开32层楼上掉下来,但只摔断一颗牙。“猫就像训练有素的跳挖了隧道,翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪山伞队员,” 一位医生说。看起来,猫跌落的距离越长,它们就地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者,尽管修通了隧道,但仍有越不会伤害自己。在一个长长的跌落过程中,它们可以达到每小一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。
60里甚至更快的速度。在高速下落中,猫有时间放松自己。 夏天的几个月里,修道院十分忙碌,因为有成千上万的人它们伸展四肢,就像飞行中的松鼠一样。这样就加大了空气阻力,驾车通过山口,顺道来修道院参观。由于来人太多,狗被关在并减少了它们着地时冲击力带来的震动。 专门的围栏里。然而到了冬天,修道院里的生活则是另一番景 象。气温下降到零下30度,试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几。修道Lesson10 The loss of Titanic
士们喜欢冬天,而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天,他们可以更多The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from 地过无人打扰的生活。狗也比较自由,被放出围栏,四处遛达。Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the 活节到那儿去。这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, 伯纳德道院的热烈欢迎。
Lesson9 Flying cats 飞猫
however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water- tight compartments. Even if two of these were Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for lead mysterious lives of their own as well. They never she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life. become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result, Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge
iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the 'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to declared that.' Perfume is not exempt from import duty.' avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, 'But it isn't perfume,' I said.' It's hair-oil.' Then I narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over added with a smile,' It's a strange mixture I make myself.' 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was As I expected, he did not believe me. a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went 'Try it!' I said encouragingly. down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen water- later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk-marks tight compartments had already been flooded ! The order on my baggage. to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged 现在的海关官员往往相当宽容。但是,当你通过绿色通道,没into the icy water. As there were not enough life-boats 有任何东西需要申报时,他们仍可以拦住你。甚至是最诚实的人for everybody, 1500 lives were lost. 也常弄得觉得有罪似的,而老练的职业走私犯却使手提箱里藏着 巨轮“泰坦尼克”号1912410日从南安普敦起锚驶向500只金表,却也处之泰然。最近一次,我也出国归来,碰上一纽约。船上载有1,316名乘客与891名船员。却使用现代标准位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员,他显然把我当成走私犯。 来衡量,45,000 吨的“泰坦尼克”号与算得上一艘巨轮了。 “您有什么需要申报的吗?”他直盯着我的眼睛问。 时,这艘轮船不仅是造船史上建造的最大的一艘船,而且也被 “没有。”我自信地回答说。 认为是不会沉没的。因为船由16个密封舱组成,即使有两个舱 “请打开这只手提箱好吗?” 进水,仍可漂浮的水面上。然而,这艘巨轮首航就下沉,造成 “好的。”我回答说。 大批人员死亡。人们将永远记着这艘巨轮的沉没惨剧。
那位官员十分仔细地把箱子检查了一遍。所有细心包装好 “泰坦尼克”起航后的第4天,它正行驶在北大西洋冰冷的东西一会儿工夫就乱成一团。我相信那箱子再也关不上了。突的海面上。突然,了望员发现一座冰山。警报响过不久,巨轮然,我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。他在我的箱底发现了一急转弯,以避免与冰山正面相撞。“泰坦尼克”这个弯拐得及只小瓶,高兴地一把抓了起来。
时,紧贴着高出海面100英尺的巨大的冰墙擦过去。突然,从 “香水,嗯?”他讥讽地说道,“你刚才应该申报,香水要船舱下部传来一声微颤音,船长走下船舱去查看究竟。由于这上进口税的。”
个声音非常轻,没人会想到船身已遭损坏。在下面,船长惊恐 “不,这不是香水,”我说,“是发胶。”接着我脸带微笑的地发现“泰坦尼克”号正在急速下沉,16个密封舱已有5补充说:“这是一种我自己配制的奇特的混合物。” 进水。于是,他发出弃船的命令,几百人跳进了冰冷刺骨的海 “你就闻一闻吧!”我催促说。
水里。由于没有足够的救生艇运载所有乘客,结果,1,500 海关官员拧开瓶盖,把瓶子放到鼻子底下。一股怪味袭来,丧生。
Lesson11 Not guilty
使他相信了我说的真话。几分钟后,我终于被放行,手提划着宝贵的粉笔记号的行,匆匆离去。
Going through the Customs is a tiresome business. The Lesson12 Life on a desert island
strangest thing about it is that really honest people are Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden is simple and good. in his suitcase. When I returned from abroad recently, a Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life regarded me as a smuggler. the eye. 'No,' I answered confidently. 'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please ?' 'Not at all,' I answered. on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out. Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished 'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never The Officer went through the case with great care. All the they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the pounced on it with delight. Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water,
but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected 化装服仅由一个被单制成,却十分逼真。理查兹夫人穿上化装服rain-water in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a 后下了楼,想看穿起来是否舒服。
spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught 理查兹夫人刚刚走进餐厅,前门就传来敲门声。她知道来了lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it 'ate 一定面包师。她曾告诉过面包师,如果她不去开门,他可直接进like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days 门,把面包放在厨房的桌上。理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜人,later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to 便赶紧躲到了楼梯下的小储藏室里。她听见前门被打开,走廊里leave. 响起重重的脚步声。突然贮藏门开了,一个男人走了进来。理查我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。我们有时想兹夫人这才想到一定是供电局来人查电表了。她说了声“是我,象荒岛是终日普照的天堂。在那里,生活简单又美好。成熟的别怕!”然后想进行一番解释,但已来不及了。那人大叫了一声,水果从树上掉下来,人们根本无需劳动。另一种想法恰恰相反,惊退了几步。理查兹夫人朝他走去,只见他“砰”的一声关上门认为荒岛生活很可怕,要么饿死,要么像鲁滨那样,天天盼船逃走了。 来,却总没见船影。也许,这两种都像都有可信之处。但很少 有人能有机会去弄个究竟。
最近有两个人在一座珊瑚岛上呆了5天,他们真希望在那Lesson14 A noble gangster
There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses 儿再多呆一些日子。他们驾着一条严重损坏的小船从维尔京群in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in 岛阿密修理。途中,船开始下沉,他们迅速把食物、火柴、罐return for' protection' If the money was not paid promptly, 装啤酒往一只救生筏上装。然后在加勒比海上划行了几英里,the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by 到了一座珊瑚岛上。岛上几乎没有一颗树,也没有淡水,但这destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a 不算什么问题。他们用像皮艇蓄积雨水。由于他们随身带了一modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an 支捕鱼枪,因此,吃饭不愁。他们天天捕捉龙虾和鱼,正如其Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable 中一位所说,吃得“像国王一样好”。5天后,一条油轮从那discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money 儿路过,搭救了他们。这二位不得不离开那个荒岛时,还真的than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. 感到遗憾呢!
Lesson13 It’s only me
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the After her husband had gone to work, Mrs Richards sent Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state as she had made her costume the night before, she was and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians Mrs Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of whether it would be comfortable to wear. eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever Giovanni Haukodue'. she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the 曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs 笔的钱给歹徒以换取"保护"。如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the 捣毁他的商店,让他破产.榨取"保护金"并不是一种现代的罪恶stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps 行径.早在14世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:"in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened 们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手. and a man entered. Mrs Richards realized that it must be 600年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read 佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来,很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼.the meter. She tried to explain the situation, saying' 库托.每次意大利各城邦之间打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out a cry 愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期,当生意萧条时,霍克伍德便带领and jumped back several paces. When Mrs Richards walked 士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出,如向他们缴towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him. 纳保护金,他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱. 理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后,把孩子送去上学,然后来到楼管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他80岁那年死去时,上自己的卧室。那天上午,她兴奋得什么家务活都不想做,因佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比为晚上她要同丈夫一起参加一个化装舞会。她打算装扮成鬼的的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生." 模样。头天晚上她已把化装服做好,这时她急于想试试。尽管
Lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble
Father, of course, provides a regular supply of came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of village. After telling several of his friends about the extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had If sixpences are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to months inside money-boxes. Only very thrifty children Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. manage to fill up a money-box. For most of them, sixpence He told him he had better return it or he would call the is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate. police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always back-yard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he empty. Very few of the sixpences I have given him have explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted found their way there. I gave him sixpence yesterday and so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri sixpence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find that and then disappeared down a drain. George took off the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain ! through the drain cover. He could not find his sixpence 玛丽与丈夫迪米特里住在希腊南部一个叫波拉考拉的小村庄anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. 里。玛丽最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his 白天,玛丽把羔羊拴在地里的一颗树上,每天晚上把它牵回家。arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The 可是,一天晚上,那只小羔羊失踪了。绳子被人割断,很明显小fire-brigade was called and two firemen freed George using 羔羊是被人偷走了。
a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his 迪米特里从地里回来,妻子把情况跟他一说,他马上出去找experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard 偷羔羊的人。他知道在这样一个小村庄里抓住小偷并不困难。把about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of 失窃的事告诉几个朋友后,迪米特里发出他的邻居阿列科家突然chocolates. 多了一只小羔羊。迪米特里立刻去了阿列科家,气呼呼地指责他 孩子们总是喜欢得到一些零花钱。爸爸妈妈当然经常给孩子偷了羔羊,告诉他最好把羊交还,否则就去叫警察。阿列科不承零花钱,但是,叔舅婶姨也是孩子们额外收入来源。对于有些认,并把迪米特里领进院子。不错,他的确刚买了一只羔羊,阿孩子来说,少量的钱可以花很长一段时间。如果50便士不拿来列科解释说,但他的羔羊是黑色的。迪米特里为自己的鲁莽而感换糖吃,则可以放在储蓄罐里叮当响上好几月。但是能把储蓄到不好意思,向阿列科道了歉,说是错怪了他。就在他俩说话的罐装满的只有屈指可数的几个特别节俭的孩子。对大部分孩子时候,天下起了雨,迪米特里便呆在阿列科家里避雨,一直等到来说,用50便士来买一大块好的巧克力,是算不了什么的。 雨停为止。半小时后,当他从屋里出来时,他惊奇地发现小黑羔 我的外甥乔治有一个储蓄罐,但总是空空的。我给了不少羊全身几乎都变成白色。原来羊毛上染的黑色被雨水冲掉了! 50便士的硬币,但没有几个存到储蓄罐里。昨天,我给了他50 便士让存起来,却拿这钱给自己买了50便士的麻烦。在他去糖Lesson17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 果店的路上,50便士掉在地上,在人行道上跳了几下,掉进了Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, 阴沟里。乔治脱掉外套,卷起袖子,将右胳膊伸进了阴沟盖。sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. 但他摸了半天也没找到那50便士硬币,他的胳膊反倒退不出来He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located 了。这时在他周围上了许多人,一位女士在乔治胳膊上抹了肥within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great 皂,黄油,但乔治的胳膊仍然卡得紧紧的。有人打叫来消防队,river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be 两位消防队员使用了一种特殊的润滑剂才使乔治得以解脱。不a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, 过,此事并没使乔治过于伤心,因为糖果店老板娘听说了他遇for on November 21st, 1964, the greatest bridge in the world 到的麻烦后,赏给他一大盒巧克力。
Lesson16 Mary had a little lamb
was named after him. The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village 4260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen. When Dimitri surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has
been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge shocks as well ! were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a 现代雕塑不再使我们感到惊讶了。那种认为现代艺术只能在博third of its total capacity. However, size and strength 物馆里才能看到的观点是错误的。即使是对艺术不感兴趣的人也are not the only important things about this bridge. 不会注意到在公共场所展示的现代艺术品。公园里、大楼和商店Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, 外竖立着的奇形怪状的雕塑,对这些,我们已经司空见惯了。有fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous 些所谓的“现代”艺术品在那里已经列了近80年了。
object drawn as faintly as possible'. 尽管如此,最近举办的一次现代雕塑展览还是使一些人(包 1524年,一位鲜为人知的意大利人维诺驾船驶进纽约港,并括我在)大吃了一惊。走进展厅首先看到的是一告示,上面写着将该港名为安古拉姆。他对该港作了这样的描述:“地理位置“切勿触摸展品,某些展品有危险!”展品都是些活动的雕像。十分适宜,位于两座小山的中间,一条大河从中间流过”。虽人们所熟悉的是悬挂在天花板上、造型奇特、随风飘荡的雕塑品。然维诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家,但他的名字将流芳百世,这些展品却使人大开眼界。靠墙排列着许多细长的电线,而电线因为19641121日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的又连着金属球。金属球经过磁化,互相之间不停地相互吸引或相名字命名。
互排斥。展厅中央是装有彩色灯泡的许多高高的构件,灯泡一刻 维诺大桥由奥斯马.阿曼设计,连结着布鲁克林与斯塔顿不停地闪烁着,就像失去了控制的红绿灯。小黑盒子里迸出火花,岛,桥长4,260英尺。由于桥身太长,设计者不得不考虑了地红色灯泡发怒似地忽明忽暗。这儿倒像是在展览古老的电子设表的形状。两座巨塔支撑着4根粗大的钢缆。塔身建在巨大的备。好像设计这些奇形怪状的展品不仅是为了给人感情上的强烈水下钢盘混凝土平台上。平台深入海底100英尺。仅这两座塔刺激,而且还想给人以电击似的! 就花了16个月才建成。塔身高出水面将近700英尺。高塔支撑 着钢缆,而钢缆又悬吊着大桥,4根钢缆中的每根由26108Lesson19 A very dear cat
股钢绳组成。据估计,若桥上摆满了汽车,也只不过是桥的总
Kidnappers are rarely interested in Animals, but they 承载力的1/3。然而,这座桥重要特点不仅是它的规模与强度。recently took considerable interest in Mrs Eleanor Ramsay's 尽管此桥很大,但它的结构简单,造型优美,实现了设计者企cat. Mrs Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared 图创造一个“尽量用细线条勾画出一个庞然大物”的梦想。
Lesson18 Electric currents in modern art
a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. Rastus leads an orderly life. He usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock. One evening, Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. The however, he failed to arrive. Mrs Ramsay got very worried. idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is She looked everywhere for him but could not find him. mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot Three day after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs Ramsay have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on received an anonymous letter. The writer stated that Rastus display in public places. Strange forms stand in gardens, was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs and outside buildings and shops. We have got quite used Ramsay paid a ransom of &1000. Mrs Ramsay was instructed to them. Some so-called 'modern' pieces have been on to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside display for nearly fifty years. her door. At first, she decided to go to the police, but In spite of this, some people--including fearing that she would never see Rastus again --the letter myself--were surprised by a recent exhibition of modern had made that quite clear--she changed her mind. She drew sculpture. The first thing I saw when I entered the art &1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's gallery was a notice which said: 'Do not touch the exhibits. instructions. The next morning, the box had disappeared but Some of them are dangerous!' The objects on display were Mrs Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. pieces of moving sculpture. Oddly shaped forms that are Sure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust that evening. He looked very well, though he was rather of wind are quite familiar to everybody. These objects, thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were however, were different. Lined up against the wall, there astounded when Mrs Ramsay told them what she had were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. The done. She explained that Rastus was very dear to her. spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways other all the time. In the centre of the hall, there were than one! a number of tall structures which contained coloured 绑架者很少对动物感兴趣。最近,绑架者却盯上了埃莉诺.lights. These lights flickered continuously like traffic 姆齐太太的猫。埃莉诺.拉姆齐太太是一个非常富有的老妇人,lights which have gone mad. Sparks were emitted from small 多年来,一直同她养的猫拉斯一起住在一所公寓里。拉斯特斯生black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily. It 活很有规律,傍晚常常出去溜达一会儿,并且总是在7点钟以前was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic 回来。可是,有一天晚上,它出去后再也没回来。拉姆齐太太急equipment. These Peculiar forms not only seemed designed 坏了,四处寻找,但没有找着。

拉斯特斯失踪3天后,拉姆齐太太收到一封匿名信。写信作了一次短距离试飞,半小时后便正式出发了。他这次伟大的飞人声称拉斯特斯安然无恙,只要拉姆齐太太愿意支付1,000 行持续37分钟。当他在多佛着陆后,第一个迎接他的是当地一镑赎金,可以立即将猫送还。他让拉姆齐太太把钱放在一个纸名警察。莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试,飞到离多佛不到半英盒里,然后将纸盒放在门口。一开始拉姆齐太太打算报告警察,里的地方。这次他又遭厄运,因引擎故障第二次降落在海面上。 但又害怕再也见不到拉斯特斯——这点,信上说得十分明白 ——于是便改变了主意。她从银行取出1,000 英镑,并照绑架Lesson21 Daniel Mendoza
者的要求做了。第二天早晨,放钱的盒子不见了。但拉姆齐太Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred 太确信绑架者是会履行诺言的。果然,当天晚上7点正,拉斯years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for 特斯准时回来了。它看上去一切正常,只是口渴得很,喝了半Prize money. Because of this, they were known as 瓶牛奶。拉姆齐太太把她所做的事告诉了警察,警察听后大为'prize-fighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there 吃惊。拉姆齐太太解释说她心疼她的猫拉斯特斯。想到她所花were no rules and a prize-fighter could be seriously injured 的那笔钱,她的心疼就具有双重意义了。
Lesson20 Pioneer pilots
or even killed during a match. One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry the first man who would fly across the English Channel. drew up the first set Of rules. Though he was technically Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On a prize-fighter, Mendoza did much to change crude July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took prize-fighting into a sport, for he brought science to the off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV'. game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He He was adored by rich and poor alike. Mendoza rose to fame had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his swiftly after a boxing-match when he was only fourteen years engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. The old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to up by a ship. train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. before, he had completed a successful overland flight A match was held at Stilton where both men fought for an during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later the same day with a new 'Antonette'. It looks as if there occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly get up early enough. After making a short test flight at successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as flight lasted thirty seven minutes. When he landed near much as &100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was Latham made another attempt a week later and got within defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts failed and he landed on the sea for the second time. and died in poverty in 1836. 1908年,诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑,作为对第一个飞 两百年前,拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时,拳击手们不戴手越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。套,为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此,他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不1909719日凌晨,休伯特.莱瑟姆驾驶“安特瓦特4号”过,拳击是十分野蛮的,因为当时没有任何比赛规则,职业拳击飞机从法国海岸起飞,但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里,引擎就手有可能在比赛中受重伤,甚至丧命。
发生了故障,他只好降落在海面上。“安特瓦特”号飞机在海 拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨,他生于上漂浮,后来有船经过,莱瑟姆方才获救。
1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则, 两天之后,路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳来到加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机,“11击手,但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面,他作出了号”飞机是他制作的最新型号。一周以前,他曾成功地进行了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深一次26英里的陆上飞行。但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。同一天,受大家欢迎,无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
他驾驶一架新的“安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。看来会 门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。两天飞机都打算在7英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨,25日起飞,但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。布莱里奥凌晨415而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上,门多萨不久便名声大振,致
使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休,显而易见,只有卒手持一封信上场,然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。尽管那个贵族较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场,厮打每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上,但他却输了。纸上。
后来,门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量,门多萨又输了 一天晚上,狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑,看看他反复演一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒,门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱出这么多场之后,是否已将信的容记熟了。大幕拉开,最后一幕斯,成了全英拳击冠军。同时,他建立了一所拳击学校,办得戏开演,贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。这时狱卒上场,很成功,连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的手里拿着那封珍贵的信。狱卒走进牢房,将信交给贵族。但这回钱,一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少,但他挥霍狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全,而是一白纸。狱卒无度,经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败热切地观察着,急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。贵族盯着后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱,最后于1836年在贫纸看了几秒钟,然后,眼珠一转,说道:“光线太暗,请给我读困中死去。

Lesson22 By heart
一下这封信。”说完,他一下子把信递给狱卒。狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住,于是便说:“陛下,这儿光线的确太暗了,我得去眼镜拿来。”他一边说着,一边匆匆下台。贵族感到非常好Some plays are so successful that they run for years 笑的是:一会儿工夫,狱卒重新登台,拿来一副眼镜以及平时使on end. In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor 用的那封信,然后为那囚犯念了起来。 actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their Lesson23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case. People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived A famous actor in a highly successful play was once in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned octopus a great delicacy. You would not be able to in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other would always come on to hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. in animal fat-- the normally accepted practice in many Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have each performance, he always insisted that it should be been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them written out in full. One night, the gaoler decided to play all our lives. a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many No creature has received more praise and abuse than the performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind people who, ever since their early years, have learned to bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a the precious letter in his hands. He entered the cell and country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one anxious to see if his fellow-actor had at last learnt his day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I light is dim. Read the letter to me.' And he promptly collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and equally could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my hall and Robert and I went into the living-room where we glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner. the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. 有些剧目十分成功,以致连续上演好几年。这样一来,可怜To our dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: 的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete 台词。人们以为,这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟,绝不会临possession of the hall! I have never been able to look at 场结巴的,但情况却并不总是这样。
a snail since then. 有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角 在决定什么能吃而什么不能吃的时候,人们往往变得不合情色,这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。在最后一幕中,理。比如,如果你住在地中海地区,你会把章鱼视作是美味佳肴,
同时不能理解为什么有人一见章鱼就恶心。另一方面,你一想skeleton ! But George was unsympathetic. 'Oh, that,' he said 到动物油炸土豆就会反胃,但这在北方许多国家却是一种普通with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. 的烹任方法。不无遗憾的是, 我们中的大部分人,生来就只吃'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student 某几种食品,而且一辈子都这样。
once upon a time.' 没有一种生物所受到的赞美和厌恶会超过花园里常见的蜗 在小说中,我们经常读到一个表面上受人尊重的人物或家庭,牛了。蜗牛加酒烧煮后,便成了世界上许多地方的一道珍奇的却有着某种多年不为人所知的骇人听闻的秘密。英语中有一个生名菜。有不计其数的人们从小就知道蜗牛可做菜。但我的朋友动的说法来形容这种情况。惊人的秘密称作“柜中骷髅”。在小罗伯特却住在一个厌恶蜗牛的国家中。他住在大城市里的一所说的某个戏剧性时刻,可怕的秘密泄漏出来,接着便是某人的声公寓里,没有自己的花园。多年来,他一直让我把我园子里的誉扫地。当读者到小说最后几页了解到书中女主人公,那位一向蜗牛收集起来给他捎去。一开始,他的这一想法没有引起我多待大家很好的可爱的老妇人年轻时一连毒死了她的5个丈夫时,大兴趣。后来有一天,一场大雨后,我在花园里漫无目的散步,不禁会毛骨悚然。
突然注意到许许多多蜗牛在我的一些心爱的花木上慢悠悠的蠕 这种事发生在小说中是无可非议的。尽管我们人人都有各种动着。我一时冲动,逮了几十只,装进一只纸袋里,带着去找大小秘密。连最亲密的朋友都不愿让他们知道, 但我们当中极罗伯特。罗伯特见到我很高兴,对我的薄礼也感到满意。我把少有人有柜中骷髅。我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷嵝的人便是乔纸袋放在门厅里,与罗伯特一起进了起居室,在那里聊了好几.卡尔顿,他甚至引以为自豪。乔治年轻时学过医,然而,他个钟头。我把蜗牛的事已忘得一干二净,罗伯特突然提出一定后来没当上医生,却成了一位成功的侦探小说作家。有一次,我要我留下来吃晚饭,这才提醒了我。蜗牛当然是道主菜。我并在他家里度周末,过得很不愉快。这事我永远不会忘记。乔治把不喜欢这个主意,所以我勉强跟着罗伯特走进了起居室。使我我领进客房,说这间很少使用。他让我打开行装后下楼吃饭。我们惊愕的是门厅里到处爬满了蜗牛:它们从纸袋里逃了出来,将衬衫、衣放进两个空抽屉里,然后我想把随身带来的两套西服爬得满厅都是!从那以后,我再也不能看一眼蜗牛了。
Lesson24 A skeleton in the cupboard
中的一套挂到大衣柜里去。我打开柜门,站在柜门前一下惊呆了。一具骷髅悬挂在眼前,由于柜门突然打开,它也随之轻微摇晃起来,让我觉得它好像马上要跳出柜门朝我扑过来似的。我扔下西We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable 服冲下楼去告诉乔治。这是比“骇人听闻的秘密”更加惊人的东person or family has some terrible secret which has been 西,这是一具真正的骷髅啊!但乔治却无动于衷。“噢,是它呀!concealed from strangers for years. The English language 他笑着说道,俨然在谈论一位老朋友。“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of 了我以前是学医的了。” situation. The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cup board '. At some dramatic moment in the story the Lesson25 The Cutty Sark terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great poisoned every one of her five husbands. ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steam-ships, It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. skeletons in the cupboard. The only person I know who has The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his exciting race to England. This race, which went on for youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the uncomfortable week-end which I shall never forget at his beginning of a new era. The first of the two ships to reach house. George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and certain that she would be the first ship home, but during underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang in the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck the cupboard one of the two suits I had brought with me. by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it board from spare planks and it was fitted with great gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. there was danger that if she travelled too quickly, this This was worse than 'a terrible secret'; this was a real rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty
Sark lost her lead. After crossing the equator , the to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. They captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, offered to pay $2 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles a listener. The response to this competition was tremendous. ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She at the factory. One lady brought in a biscuit on a arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds. A little later, was remarkable, considering that she had had so many a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her boot of his car. All the biscuits that were sent were rudder she would have won the race easily. carefully weighed. The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed 人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂certain that this would win the prize. But just before the 萨克”号。它停在陆地上,每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with a 人们留下深刻的印象,使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船,在蒸truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2400 pounds. It had 汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国been baked by a college student who had used over 1000 pounds 运回茶叶,从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞pounds of various other ingredients. It was so heavy that 姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872618日同时从启航驶往英a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. The 国,途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月,manufacturers had to pay more money than they had 是这类比赛中的最后一次,它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一anticipated, for they bought the biscuit from the student 个新纪元的开始。

for $4800.
没有人能避免受广告的影响。尽管我们可以自夸自己的鉴赏力 比赛开始后,“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度如何敏锐,但我们已经无法独立自主地选购自己所需的东西了。洋上,“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来,它首先返抵英国是这是因为广告在我们身上施加着一种潜移默化的影响。做广告的确信无疑的了,但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份“卡蒂萨克”人在力图劝说我们买下这种产品或那种产品之前,已经仔细地研号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击,失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃,究了人的本性,并把人的弱点进行了分类。
无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵, 做广告的人们多年前就发现我们大家都喜欢免费得到东西。并克服重重困难将舵安装就位,这样一来,大大降低了船的航凡是用“免费”这个神奇的词开头的广告很少会失败的。目前,速。因为船不能开得太快,否则就有危险,应急舵也会被刮走。做广告的人不仅提供免费样品,而且还提供免费汽车,免费住房,因为这个缘故,“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后,船免费周游世界。他们设计数以百计的竞赛,竞赛中有人可赢得巨长将船停靠在一个港口,在那儿换了一只舵。但此时,“赛姆额奖金。电台、电视使做广告的人可以用这种手段吸引成百万人皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争,的注意力。
但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜了,它抵达英国时比“塞姆 有一次,在电台播放的节目里,一个生产饼干的公司请听众皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁,这个成绩烘制饼干送到他们的工厂去。他们愿意以每磅10美元的价钱买也已很不容易了。毫无疑问,如果中途没有失去舵, “卡帝萨下由听众烘制的最大的饼干。这次竞赛在听众中引起极其热烈的克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。
Lesson26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin
反响。不久,形状各异,大小不一的饼干陆续送到工厂。一位女士用手推车运来一个饼干,重达500磅左右。相隔不一会儿,一个男子也带来一个大饼干,那个饼干把汽车的行箱挤得满满的。No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 凡送来的饼干都仔细地称量。最重的一个达713磅,看来这个饼Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are 干获奖无疑了。但就在竞赛截止时间将到之际,一辆卡车驶进了no longer free to choose the things we want, for 工厂,运来了一个特大无比、重达2,400磅的饼干。它是由一个advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their 大学生烘制的,用去1,000多磅的面粉、800磅食糖、200磅动efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, 物脂肪及400磅其他各种原料。饼干份量太重了,用了一台起重advertisers have made a close study of human nature and 机才把它从卡车上卸下。饼干公司不得不付出比他们预计多得多have classified all our little weaknesses. Advertisers 的钱,因为为买下那学生烘制的饼干他们支付了24,000美元。 discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the Lesson27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy
magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. advertisers not only offer free samples but free cars, In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling free houses, and free trips round the world as well. They knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to selling spiritual comfort. win huge sums of money. Radio and television have made it Though it may be possible to measure the value of material possible for advertisers to capture the attention of goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to millions of people in this way. During a radio programme, estimate the true value of the services which people perform a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners
for us. There are times when we would willingly give men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful hand-made precisely this service. The conditions of society are such silver-ware. It was difficult not to be tempted. Many of that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell. tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. disembarked. I had no sooner got off the ship than I was Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring. I the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds. Some In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human of them were as big as marbles. The man went to great lengths dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never to prove that the diamonds were real. As we were walking ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the and made a deep impression in the glass. It took me over consequences He, may never be sure where the next meal is half an hour to get rid of him. coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and which afflict other people. His few material possession watches. I examined one of the pens closely. It certainly make it possible for him to move from place to place with looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the words 'made ease- By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer in the U.S.A.' had been neatly inscribed. The man said that to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, the pen was worth &10, but as a special favour, he would beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may let me have it for &8. I shook my head and held up a finger even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will indicating that I was willing to never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with pay a pound. Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a price to &3. Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away little envious of their simple way of life and their when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen freedom from care? into my hands. Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, 据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法,he readily accepted the pound I gave him. I felt especially 教师靠卖知识为生,哲学家靠卖智慧为生,牧师靠卖精神安慰pleased with my wonderful bargain--until I got back to the 为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量,但要估算别人ship. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill 为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时,我们为this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never 了挽救生命,愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给written a single word ! 我们提供了这种服务后,我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而当一艘大型班船进港的时候,许多小船载着各种杂货快速向客轮抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此,技术是必须付钱去买的,就像驶来。大船还未下锚。小船上的人就纷纷爬上客轮。一会儿工夫,在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。
甲板上就摆满了色彩斑斓的波斯地毯。印度丝绸。铜咖啡壶以及 在这条普遍的规律前面,好像只有流浪汉是个例外,乞丐手工制作的漂亮的银器。要想不为这些东西所动心是很困难的。出售的几乎是他本人,以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并船上许多游客开始同商贩讨价还价起来,但我打定主意上岸之前不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西,也不需要从别人那儿得到什么也不买。
任何东西,在追求独立自由的同时,他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。 我刚下船,就被一个人截住,他向我兜售一枚钻石戒指。我游浪汉可能会向你讨钱,但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在根本不想买,但我不能掩饰这样一个事实:其钻石之大给我留下选择过那种生活的,并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可了深刻的印象。有的钻石像玻璃球那么大。那人竭力想证明那钻能从不知道下顿饭有无着落,但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事石是真货。我们路过一家商店时,他将一颗钻石使劲地往橱窗上所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产,这使他能够轻松自如地在各地一按,在玻璃上留下一道深痕。我花了半个多小时才摆脱了他的奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉,他比我们中许多人都离大自然近纠缠。
得多。为了生存,他可能会去打猎、乞讨,偶尔偷上一两回; 向我兜售的第二个人是卖名贵钢笔和手表的。我仔细察看了确实需要的时候,他甚至可能干一点儿活,但他决不会牺牲自一枝钢笔,那看上去确实不假,金笔帽下方整齐地刻有“美国制由。说起流浪汉,我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。造”字样。那人说那支笔值50英镑,作为特别优惠,他愿意让但是,我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活我出30英镑成交。我摇摇头,伸出5根手指表示我只愿出5与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢?
Lesson28 Five pounds too dear
钱。那人激动地打着手势,仿佛我的出价使他不能容忍。但他终于把价钱降到了10英镑。我耸耸肩膀掉头走开了。一会儿,他突然从后追了上来,把笔塞到我手里。虽然他绝望地举起双手,Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as 但他毫不迟疑地收下了我付给他的5镑钱。在回到船上之前,我she was entering the harbour. Before she had anchored, the 一直为我的绝妙的讨价还价而洋洋得意。然而不管我如何摆弄,
那枝漂亮的钢笔就是吸不进墨水来。直到今天,那枝笔连一个 圣诞节前几周,某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那字也没写过!
lesson29 Funny or not?
一刻时,他就缠住医生,让医生告诉他什么时候能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。尽管医生竭力医治,但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天,他的右腿还上着石膏,他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天,Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on 想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而,第二天,医生安慰他说,出院欢where we have been brought up. The sense of humour is 度新年的可能性还是很大的,那人听后振作了精神。果然,除夕mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A 时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at 的经历,那人喝得稍许多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐,一再告a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to 诉大家他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时,他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院see anything amusing in a joke which would make an 的事,突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了,摔断了左腿。
Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite Lesson30 The death of a ghost
of national differences, certain funny situations have a For years villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted. universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bert Cox. They it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early employed a few farm hands, but no one was willing to work films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told from America, has recently come into fashion. It is the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke cal1ed' sick humour '. Comedians base their jokes on up to find the work had been done overnight. Hay had been tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. cut and cow sheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed Many people find this sort of joke distasteful. The up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to in the judge for yourself. moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived their work for them. there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when No one suspected that there might be someone else on the he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A Christmas in hospital. Though the doctor did his best, the short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas day, the man ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for still had his right leg in plaster. He spent the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled funeral, Joe and Bert revealed him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave a secret which they had kept for over forty years. Eric had hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The been the eldest son of the family. He had been obliged to man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was join the army during the first World War. As he hated army able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his life he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed farther hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe of ice and broke his left leg. and Bert. They did not even tell their wives. When their 我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑,很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in 长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。譬如,法国人听hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse(隐完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理,一则可以令英国遁者, 寂寞者). He used to sleep during the day and work 人笑出泪来的笑话,俄国人听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。 at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the 大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his brothers found 族不同,有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。比如说,不管it impossible to keep the secret any longer. 你生活在哪里,你看查理.卓别林的早期电影很难不发笑。然而, 多年来,村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。恩得利农场属于近来一种新式幽默流行了起来,这种幽默主要来自美国。它被.考科斯和鲍勃.考科斯兄弟俩所有。他们雇了几个农工,但谁叫作“病态幽默”。喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死,重大事也不愿意在那儿长期工作下去。每次雇工辞职后都叙述着同样的故等来编造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是故事。雇工们说,常常一早起来发现有人在夜里把活干了,干草个“病态幽默”的实例,你可据此自己作出判断。
已切好,牛棚也打扫干净了。有一个彻夜未眠的雇工还声称他看见一个人影在月光下收割庄稼。随着时间的流逝,考科斯兄弟雇
了一个尽心尽责的鬼,他们家的活大部分都让鬼给干了,这件years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that 事成了公认的事实。
critics do not always know what they are talking about. 谁也没想到农场竟会有一个从未露面的人。但事实上确有 真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。他们不顾社会习俗,意识不此人。不久之前,村民们惊悉恩得利农场的鬼死了。大家都去到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊参加了葬礼,因为那“鬼”不是别人,正是农场主的兄弟埃里敬,因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。
.考科斯。人们以为埃里克年轻时就死了。葬礼之后,乔和鲍 理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。他是个勃透露了他们保守了长达50多年的秘密。
精明能干、有钱的商人,但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方 埃里克是这家长子。年龄比他两个弟弟大很多,第二次世面几乎一无所知。大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久,他的界大战期间被迫参军。他讨厌军旅生活,决定逃离所在部队。古怪行为就成了传奇故事了。
当他了解自己将被派遣出国时,他逃回农场,父亲把他藏了起 迪基痛恨势利小人。尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车,但却很少使来,直到战争结束。由于害怕当局,埃里克战后继续深藏不露。用,常常喜欢以步代车。即使大雨倾盆,他也总是拒绝带伞。一他的父亲告诉大家,埃里克在战争中被打死了。除此之外,只天,他遇上一场瓢泼大雨,淋得透湿。他走进一家高级商店,要有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。但他俩连自己的妻子都没告诉。父亲为妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子,死后,他们兄弟俩认为有责任继续把埃里克藏起来。这些年来,竟不肯接待他。迪基二话没说就走了。一会儿,他带着一个大布埃里克过着隐士生活,白天睡觉,夜里出来干活,一点不知道口袋回到店里。布袋很沉,他重重地把布袋扔在柜台上。店员让自己已成了恩得利家场的活鬼。他死后,他的弟弟们才觉得无迪基走开,他置之不理,并要求见经理。经理认出了这位顾客,法再保守这个秘密了。
Lesson31 A lovable eccentric
表示了深深的歉意,还严厉地训斥了店员。店员为迪基拿出了那块手表,迪基把布口袋递给他,口袋里面装着300镑的便士。他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。这些硬币加在一起共有True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw 30,000枚! 还有一次,他邀请一些著名评论家来参观他私人收attention to themselves. They disregard social 藏的现代画。这次展览引起报界广泛注意,因为这些画名义上是conventions without being conscious that they are doing 名家的作品,事实上是迪基自己画的。他花了4年时间策划这出anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the 精心设计的闹剧,只是想证明评论家们有时并不解他们所谈论的love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull 事情。
routine of everyday life.
Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one Lesson32 A lost ship
of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small and wealthy business-man, but the ordinary town-folk ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to legendary long before he died. Dickie disliked snobs(give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt 利小人 intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion. it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been try once more. The sea-bed was scoured with powerful nets caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest a &300 fur coat for his wife, but he was in such a was raised from the bottom. Though the crew were at first bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned contents of the sea-chest proved them wrong. What they had carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, before. The chest contained the personal belongings of a but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager photographs, together with letters which the seaman had was most apologetic and 'reprimanded the assistant once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor severely. When Dickie was given the fur coat, he presented ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained &300 in Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which pennies. He insisted on the assistant's counting the money were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. before he left 72,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that he invited a number of important critics to see his private the ship must have been a cruiser. In another sea-chest, collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there a great deal of attention in the press, for though the was an unfinished letter which had been written on March pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of
all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece following her brake hard. His wife was sitting beside him together all the information that had come to light. The holding a large cake. As she was thrown forward, the cake Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry-driver who by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden. Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds sent to the War Museum. of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. 打捞工作彻底失败了。小船“埃尔科”号在巴伦支海搜寻了This led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the 几个星期之后,正在返航途中。返航前,该船船长收到了大陆traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour 发来的电报,指示他们放弃这次搜寻。船长知道日后还会再作to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the 尝试,因为他试图寻找的沉船上载有一批珍贵的金条。
lorry- driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. 尽管船长接了电报,他还是决定再试一试。他们用结实的Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for 网把海床搜索了一遍。当一只箱子从海底被打捞上来时,甲板they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was 上人们激动不已。船员们开始认为沉船找着了,但海底沉箱的just one of those days! 物品证明他们弄错了。事实上,他们发现的是另一艘沉没多年的船。
我们大家都有过事事不顺心的日子。一天开始时,可能还不错,但突然间似乎一切都失去了控制。情况经常是这样的,许许 木箱装有水手艾伦.菲尔丁的私人财物,其中有书箱、衣服、多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题,好像是一件无关紧要的照片以及水手收到的妻子的来信。“埃尔科”号船长命令船员小事引起了一连串的连锁反应。假设你在做饭,同时又在照看孩们尽量从沉船中打捞物品,但没发现什么值钱的东西,不过打子。这时铃响了。它预示着一连串意想不到的灾难的来临。就在捞出来的众多的物品还是引起了大家极大的兴趣。从捞起的一你接时,孩子把桌布从桌子上扯下来,将家中最好的瓷餐具半数门大炮来看,船长认为那艘船一定是艘巡洋舰。另一只海底沉摔碎,同时也弄伤了他自己。你急急忙忙挂上,赶去照看孩子和箱中装的是船上一位军官的财物,其中有一封写于19433餐具。这时,饭又烧糊了。好像这一切还不足以使你急得掉泪,14日的信,但没有写完。从这封信长了解到沉船船名是“卡你的丈夫接着回来了,事先没打招呼就带来3个客人吃饭。 伦”号。打捞到的东西中最有价值的是船上的航海日志,其中有一部分仍然清晰可读。据此,船长可以将所有的那些已经搞
就像许多人最近在悉尼郊区帕拉马塔发现的那样,有时清的材料拼凑起来。“卡伦”号当年在为其他船只护航驶往俄乱子会闹得很大。一天傍晚交通最拥挤时,一辆汽车撞上前面一国的途中突然遭到敌方潜水艇鱼雷的袭击。这一说法在“埃尔辆汽车,两个司机争吵起来。紧跟其后的一辆车上的司机碰巧是科”号返航后得到的国防部一位海军官员的证实。那次打捞到个初学者,她一惊之下突然把车停了下来。她这一停使得跟在后的所有物品均被送往军事博物馆。
Lesson33 A day to remember
头的司机也来个急刹车。司机妻子正坐在他身边,手里托着块大蛋糕。她往前一冲,蛋糕从挡风玻璃飞了出去掉到马路上。此时,一辆卡车正好从后边开到那辆汽车边上,司机看见一块蛋糕从天We have all experienced days when everything goes 而降,紧急刹车。卡车上装着空啤酒瓶。成百只瓶子顺势从卡车wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly 后面滑出车外落在马路上。这又引起一场唇枪舌剑的争吵。与此everything seems to get out of control. What invariably 同时,后面的车辆排成了长龙,警察花了将近一个小时才使车辆happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong 又开起来。在这段时间里,卡车司机不得不清扫那几百只破瓶子。at precisely the same moment. It is as if a single 只有两只野狗从这一片混乱中得到好处,它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. Let us 的蛋糕。这就是事事不顺心的那么一天! suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this Lesson34 A happy discovery
catastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls people. The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare the table-cloth off the table smashing half your best objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep crockery and cutting himself in the process. You hang up them free from dust is usually a forbidding place. But no hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce antique shop. There is always hope that in its labyrinth you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found three guests to dinner. amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors. Things can go wrong on a big scale as a number of No one discovers a rarity by chance. A truly dedicated people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of searcher for art treasures must have patience, and above Sydney. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when and both drivers began to argue. The woman immediately he sees it. To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She suddenly as the dealer. Like a scientist bent on making a discovery,
he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek rewarded. it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that My old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person. He they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece human and can make mistakes. for a mere &5. One Saturday morning, Frank visited an There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to antique shop in my neighbourhood. As he had never been be an abstract conception. Reward or punishment are out there before, he found a great deal to interest him. The quite independent of human interference. At such times, morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like he noticed a large packing-case lying on the floor. The it serves him right, we are, in part, admitting that a dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of not be bothered to open it. Frank begged him to do so and its own accord.
the dealer reluctantly prised it open. The contents were When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store disappointing. Apart from an interesting-looking carved one morning, the shop assistants must have found it dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken. impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and right'. The shop was an old-fashioned one with many large, suddenly noticed a miniature Painting at the bottom of the disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards packing-case. As its composition and line reminded him of midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it. of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she Glancing at it briefly, the dealer told him that it was ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the worth &5. Frank could hardly conceal his excitement, for fire-brigade. The cry had certainly come from one of the he knew that he had made a real discovery. The tiny chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the firemen painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio could not be certain which one it was. They located the right and was worth thousands of pounds. chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's 古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。高档一点的古玩店cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen 为了防尘,把文物漂亮地列在玻璃柜子里,那里往往令人望而inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the 却步。而对不太装腔作势的古玩店,无论是谁都不用壮着胆子chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to 才敢往里进。人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷move, but the firemen were eventually able to free him by 宫般的店堂里,从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, 破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。
blackened figure that emerged, at once admitted that he had 无论是谁都不会一下子就发现一件珍品。一个到处找便宜tried to break into the shop during the night but had got 的人必须具有耐心,而且最重要的是看到珍品时要有鉴别珍品stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. 的能力。要做到这一点,他至少要像古董商一样懂行。他必须Justice had been done even before the man was handed over 像一个专心致志进行探索的科学家那样抱有这样的希望,即终to the police. 有一天,他的努力会取得丰硕的成果。

“正义”这个词常常是同法庭连在一起的。当某人被证据确凿 我的老朋友弗兰克.哈利戴正是这样一个人。他多次向我详地证明无罪的时候,我们也许会说正义得到了伸。正义是复杂的细讲他如何只花50英镑便买到一位名家的杰作。一个星期六的法律机器组成部分。那些寻求正义的人走的是一条崎岖的道路,上午,弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。由于他从未去过那从来没有把握他们最终将到正义。法官无论如何聪明与有名,毕儿,结果他发现许多有趣的东西。上午很快过去了,弗兰克正竟也是人,也会出差错的。
准备离去,突然看见地板上放着一只体积很大的货箱。古董商 在个别情况下,正义不再是一种抽象概念。奖惩的实施是不告诉他那只货箱刚到不久,但他嫌麻烦不想把它打开。经弗兰受人意志支配的。在这种时候,正义像一种有生命的力量行使其克恳求,古董商才勉强把货箱撬开了。箱东西令人失望。除了职能。当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候,我们部分承认了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外,货箱装满器,而且大部分某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
都已破碎裂。弗兰克轻轻地把器拿出箱子,突然发现在箱底有 一天上午,当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时一幅微型画,画面构图与纸条使他想起一幅他所熟悉的意大利候,店员一定会忍不住说:“他罪有应得。”那是一座老式的、画,于是他决定将画买了下来。古董商漫不经心看了一眼那幅经过改造的房子,店里有许多废置不用的大壁炉和又高又窄的烟画,告诉弗兰克那画值50英镑。弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己兴奋囱。快到中午的时候,一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷的心情,因为他明白自己发现了一件珍品。那幅不大的画原来声闷气的叫声。由于这种喊叫声重复了几次,她跑去报告经理,是柯勒乔的一幅未被发现的杰作,价值几十万英镑。
Lesson35 Justice was done
经理当即给消防队挂了。喊叫声肯定是从烟囱里传出来的,然而,因为烟囱太多,消防队员无法确定到底是哪一个。他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。他们凿透了18英寸厚The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. 的墙壁,发现有个人卡在烟囱里。由于烟囱太窄,那人无法动弹。We might say that justice has been done when a man's 消防队员在墙上挖了个大洞,才终于把他解救出来。那个看来满innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice 脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来,就承认头天夜里他企
图到店里行窍,但让烟囱卡住了。他已经在烟囱里被困了将近 当我是个孩子的时候,我祖父给我讲了一位德国出租汽车司10个小时。甚至在那人还没被送交给警察之前,正义就已得到机弗朗兹。巴斯曼如何找到了据信已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。了伸。
Lesson36 A chance in a million
一次,他与妻子徒步旅行。途中,停下来与一个工人交谈,接着他们继续往前走去。巴斯曼夫人说那工人与她丈夫相貌很像,甚至猜测他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗兹对此不屑一顾,指出他We are less credulous than we used to be In the nineteenth 兄弟已经在战争中阵亡了。尽管巴斯曼夫人熟知这个情况,但她century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion 仍然认为自己的想法仍有百万分之一的可能性。几天后,她派了by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences 一个男孩去问那人是否叫汉斯.巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料,--most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily 那人的名字真是汉斯.巴斯曼,他确实是弗朗兹失散多年的兄弟。accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant was really 兄弟俩团聚之时,汉斯说明了他活下来的经过,战争即将结束时,the hero's mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed 他负伤被送进医院,并与部队失去联系。医院遭到轰炸,汉斯步dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting 行回到了西德。与此同时,他所在部队被击溃,他的所有档案材to bring about the hero's down- fall. And so on. Modern 料全部毁于战火。汉斯重返故里,但他的家已被炸毁,左邻右舍readers would find such naive solutions totally 谁也不知原住户的下落,汉斯以为全家人都在空袭中遇难,于是unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do 便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下来,直至当日。 sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find Lesson37 The Westhaven Express
incredible. We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. After A German taxi-driver, Franz Bussman, recently found a years of pre-conditioning, most of us have developed an brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years unshakable faith in railway time-tables. Ships may be before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped delayed by storms; air flights may be cancelled because of to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs Bussman bad weather; but trains must be on time. Only an commented on the workman's close resemblance to her exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that out that his brother had been killed in action during the when mistakes war. Though Mrs Bussman was fully acquainted with this occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs. story, she thought that there was a chance in a million After consulting my railway time-table, I noted with that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman, It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted Needless to say, the man's name was Hans Bussman and he a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, really was Franz's long-lost brother. I could not help noticing that a great many local people When the brothers were re-united, Hans explained how it got on as well. At the time, this did not strike me as odd. was that he was still alive. After having been wounded I reflected that there must be a great many people besides towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a on foot. Meanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his the train dawdled at station after station, I began to family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely Assuming that his family had been killed during an chugging along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes air-raid, Hans settled down in a Village fifty miles away passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked where he had remained ever since.

a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as 我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。19世纪,小说家soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily 常在小说结尾处给读者准备一系列的巧合——大部分是牵强附to the station-master at Westhaven. When he denied the 会,极不可能的。当时的读者却愉快地接受这样一些事实,一train's existence, I borrowed his copy of the time-table. 个低贱的女佣实际上是主人公的母亲;主人公一位长期失散的There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that 兄弟,大家都以为死了,实际上一直活着,并且正在策划暗算it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, 主人公;如此等等,现代读者会觉得这种天真的结局完全无法he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to 接受。不过,在现实生活中,有时确实会出现一些巧合,这些a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: 'This service 巧合除了19世纪小说家外谁也不会相信。
has been suspended.'
我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。经过多年的适应,大It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on 多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。轮船船期可walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They 能因风暴而推延,飞机航班可能因恶劣天气而取消,唯有火车had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man 必然是准点的。只有非同寻常的大雪才可能暂时打乱铁路运行。could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite 因此,一旦铁路上真出了问题,人们便不加思索地责备铁路当relation between these paintings and the markings that 局。事实上,差错很可能是我们自己,而不是铁路当局的。
sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a 我查看了列车时刻表,满意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海温real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier 的快车。这是趟直达车,旅途总共才需1小时17分钟。上车后,than has been supposed. 我不禁注意到许多当地人也上了车。一开始,我并不感到奇怪, 未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于我想除我之外,想利用快车之便的也一定大有人在。火车开出逐渐积累起来的庞大材料,他们几乎不知道选取哪些好,而且,几英里即在一个小站威德里停了下来。对此,我不觉得奇怪,也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是因为即便是特别快车也可能被信号拦住。但是,当火车一站接能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身着一站往前蠕动时,我便产生了怀疑。我突然感到这趟快车并临其境般地观看我们做事,倾听我们讲话。但是,历史学家企图没以时速90英里的速度呼啸前进,而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行,重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务,他们必须根据现有的不充时速仅30英里。1小时17分过去了,走了还不到一半路程。分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物,也可能揭示人我问一位乘客,这是不是开往威斯特海温的那趟快车,他说从类早期历史的一些有趣的容。
未听说过有这么一趟快车。我决定到目的地就给铁路部门提意 历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的,因为当时见。两小时后,我气呼呼地同威斯特海温站站长说起此事。他人们面临着了解四季的实际需要,但近期科学研究发现,好像这说根本没有这趟车。于是我借他本人的列车时刻表,我带着一种假设是不正确的。
种胜利者的调子告诉他那趟车白纸黑字。明明白白印在时刻表 长期以来,历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长上。他迅速地扫视了一眼,让我再看一遍。一个小小的星形符毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕号把我的目光引到了那页底部一个说明上。上面写着:“此趟迹是游牧人留下的,他们生活在从公元前约35000年到公元前列车暂停运行。”
Lesson38 The first calendar
10000年的冰川期的末期,以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究,终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关,事实上是一Future historians will be in a unique position when they 种最原始的日历。大家早就知道,画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单come to record the history of our own times. They will 纯的艺术表现形式,它们有着一定的含义,因为它们已接近古代hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of 人的文字形式。有时,这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存,它们之间evidence that steadily 可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了,比人accumulates. What is more they will not have to rely solely 们想像的要早20,000年。 on the written word. Films, gramophone records, and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount Lesson39 Nothing to worry about
of information. They will be able, as it were, to see and The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we hear us in action. But the historian attempting to tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a from. Even though the road was littered with boulders and difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few pitted with holes, scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant Bruce was not in the least perturbed. Glancing at his map, remains can shed interesting light on the history of early he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles man. away. It was not that Bruce always underestimated Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car was faced with a real need to understand something about should be driven as fast as it could possibly go. the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate As we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large that this assumption is incorrect. Historians have long boulders. The wheels scooped up stones which hammered been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been ominously under the car. We felt sure that sooner or later engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and engine. Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us. What B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, made in various parts of the world, historians have been giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles able to read this difficult code. They have found that it were clumps of bushes. But there was worse to come. Just is connected with the passage of days and the phases of ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In response to renewed the moon. It is, in fact, a, primitive type of calendar.
pleadings, Bruce stopped. Though we all got out to examine them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. He the fissure, he added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was remained in the car. We informed him that the fissure playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce engaged low gear of advance information. and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch astride the crack as he followed its zig-zag course. and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the more and told us that the village was now only fifteen workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen miles away. Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but in the for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived middle, the car came to a grinding halt. A yellow light and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to on the dash- board flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic announced that there was no oil in the engine! drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost 穿越平原的道路高低不平,开车走了不远,路面愈加崎岖。his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the 我们想劝说布鲁斯把车开回我们出发的那个村庄去。尽管路面police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be 布满石头,坑坑洼洼,但布鲁斯却一点儿不慌乱。他瞥了一眼necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending 地图,告诉我们前面再走不到20英里就是一个村庄。这并不是to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might 说布鲁斯总是低估困难,而是他压根儿没有一点儿危险感。他make a telephone call before being taken 认为不管路面情况如何,车必须以最高速度前进。
to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman 我们在尘士飞扬的道路上颠簸,车子东拐西弯,以躲开那accompanied him to a call-box. Only when he saw that the 些大圆石。车轮搅起的石块锤击车身,发出不祥的锤击声。我man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that 们想念迟早会飞起一个石块把油箱砸开一个窟窿,或者把发动they had all been the victims of a hoax. 机砸坏。因此,我们不时地掉过头,怀疑车后是否留下了机油 谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。大学和汽油的痕迹。
生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。请消防队来扑灭一场根本 突然大石块不见了,前面是一片平地,唯一的障碍只有一没有的大火是一种低级骗局,有自尊心的大学生决不会去做。大簇簇灌木丛。这使我们长长地松了口气。但是更糟糕的事情在学生们常常做的是制造一种可笑的局面,使大家笑上一场,当然等着我们,离我们不远处,出现一个大裂缝。我们再次央求布受害者是笑不出来的。
鲁斯小心,他这才把车停了下来。我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂 最近有个学生看见两个工人在学校门外用风钻干活,马上打缝,他却呆在车上。我们告诉他那个大裂缝长50码,2英尺,报告警察,说有两个学生装扮成工人,正在用风钻破坏路面。挂4英尺。这也没有对他产生任何影响。布鲁斯挂上慢档,把上后,他又马上来到工人那儿,告诉他们若有个警察来让他们走两只前轮分别搁在裂缝的两边,顺着弯弯曲曲的裂缝,以发疯开,不要把他当回事,还对工人说,有个学生常装扮成警察无聊的速度向前开去。我们还未来得及担心后果,车已重新开上了地同别人开玩笑。警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报情况表示平地。布鲁斯又看了一眼地图,告诉我们那座村庄离我们只有感。 15英里了。下一个障碍是一片约半英里宽的浅水塘。布鲁斯向那个学生躲在附近一拱形的门廊里,在那儿可以看见、听到水塘冲去,但车开到水塘当中,嘎吱一声停住了。仪表盘一盏现场发生的一切。果然,警察来了,不礼貌地请工人离开此地;黄灯闪着刺眼的光芒,布鲁斯兴致勃勃地宣布发动机里没油了! 但其中一个工人粗鲁地回了几句。于是警察威胁要强行使他们离 Lesson40 Who’s who
开。工人说,悉听尊便。警察去打叫人。一会儿工夫,又来了4个警察,规劝工人离开。由于工人拒绝停下手中的活,警察想夺It has never been explained why university students seem 风钻。两个工人奋力抗争,其中一个发了火,威胁说要去叫警察。to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students 警察听后讥讽地说,这大可不必,因为他俩已被逮捕了。其中一specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the 个工人装模作样地问道,在被带往警察局之前,是否可以打一个。hoax. Inviting the fire-brigade to put out a non-existent 警察同意了,陪他来到一个投币地前,当他看到那个工人真的是fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting 给警察挂,才恍然大悟,原来他们都成一场骗局的受害者。 student would ever indulge in, Students often create
amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the Lesson41 Illusions of Pastoral peace
victims. When a student recently saw two workmen using a The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as telephoned the police and informed them that two students something you look at through a train window, or something dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a you occasionally visit during the week-end. Most of my pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the
virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever 生活的种种优点,但其中只有一个人真去农村住过,而且不足6gone to live in the country and he was back in town within 个月就回来了。即使他也仍存有幻觉,好像乡村生活就是比城市six months. Even 生活优越。他滔滔不绝地大谈友好的农民,洁净的空气,贴近大he still lives under the illusion that country life is 自然的环境和悠闲的生活节奏。他坚持认为,凌晨雄鸡第一声啼somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about 叫,黎明时分小鸟吱喳欢叫,冉冉升起的染红树木、牧场,此番the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness 美景无与伦比。但这种田园诗般的乡村风光仅仅是一个侧面。我to nature and the gentle pace of living. Nothing can be 的朋友没有提到在电视机前度过的漫长寂寞的冬夜——电视是compared, he maintains, with the first cock crow, the 唯一的娱乐形式。他也不说商店货物品种单调,以及那些每天不twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun 得不从乡下赶到城里工作的不幸的人们。人们为什么情愿每天在glinting on the trees and pastures. This idyllic pastoral 路上奔波4个小时去换取值得怀疑的乡间的优点,我是无法理解scene is long and friendless winter evenings which are interrupted 的。要是他们愿意住在本来属于他们的城市,则可以让他们省去如果你愿舍弃乡下生活那一点点乐趣的话,那么你会发出城only part of the picture. My friend fails to mention the 诸多不便与节约大量开支。
only by an occasional visit to the local cinema-virtually 市可以为你提供生活最美好的东西。你去看朋友根本不用跋涉好the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the 几英里,因为他们都住在附近,你随时可以同他们聊天或在晚上poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those 一起娱乐。我在乡村有一些熟人,他们每年进城来看一回或几回unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to 戏,并把此看作一种特殊的享受。看戏在他们是件大事,需要精the city every day to get to work. Why people are prepared 心计划。当戏快演完时,他们又为是否能赶上末班火车回家而犯to tolerate a four hour journey each day for the dubious 愁。这种焦虑,城里人是从未体验过的。坐公共汽车几站路,就privilege of living in the country is beyond my ken. They 可看到最新的展览、电影、戏剧。买东西也是一种乐趣。物品种could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose 繁多,从来不必用二等品来凑合。乡里人进城采购欣喜若狂,每to live in the city where they rightly belong. 次回家时都买足了外来商品,直到拿不动方才罢休,连走路都摇If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the 摇晃晃的。城市也并非没有良辰美景。寒冷潮湿的冬夜里,广告country, you will find the city can provide you with the 灯箱发出的暖光,会给人某种安慰。周末,当成千上万进城上班best that life can offer. You never have to travel miles 的人回到他们的乡间寓所之后,空旷的街市笼罩着一种宁静气to see your friends. They invariably live nearby and are 氛,没有什么能比此时的宁静更令人难忘了。城里人对这一切心always available for an informal chat or an evening's 里很明白,却偏要执拗地装出他们喜欢住在乡村的样子,这对我entertainment. Some of my acquaintances in the country 来说一直是个谜。 come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre
as a special treat. For them this is a major operation Lesson42 Modern Cavemen
which involves considerable planning. As the play draws Cave exploration, or potholing, as it has come to be known, to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that is a relatively new sport. Perhaps it is the desire for last train home. The city dweller never experiences solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery anxieties of this sort. The latest exhibitions, films, or that lures men down to the depths of the earth. It is plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a always a pleasure. There is so much variety that you never pot-holer's motives. For him, caves have the same peculiar have to make do with second best. Country people run wild fascination which high mountains have for the climber. They when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood. with as many of the necessities of life as they can carry. Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. There is afternoon rambler. Such undertakings require the precise something comforting about the warm glow shed by planning and foresight of military operations. It can take advertisements on cold wet winter nights. Few things could as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish be more impressive than the peace that descends on supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep deserted city streets at week-ends when the thousands that cave. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is travel to work every impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties day are tucked a way in their homes in the country. It has which will confront the potholer. The deepest known cave always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. It extends appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that to a depth of 3723 feet. This immense chasm has been formed they would prefer to live in the country. by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course 宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我。我生在城市,长在城市,through a flaw in the rocks. The entrance to the cave is 总认为乡村是透过火车车窗看到的那个样了,或偶尔周末去游on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps. As it is only six feet 玩一下景象。我的许多朋友都住在城市,但他们只要一提起乡across, it is barely noticeable. The cave might never have 村,马上就会变得欣喜若狂。尽管他们都交口称赞宁静的乡村been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the
distinguished French potholer, Berger. Since its 穿上一种特制的橡皮服以保护自己。在湖的尽头,他们见到一大discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest. 堆一大堆由湖水冲刷上岸的碎石。在这儿,他们可以听见一种连Though a number of descents have been made, much of it 续不断的轰鸣声。后来他们发现这是由山洞顶部的一个小孔里喷still remains to be explored. 出的水柱跌落到水潭中发出的声音。洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤身A team of potholers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. 过去,来到一个巨大的洞里,其大小相当于一个音乐厅。他们打After entering the narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed 开强力弧光灯,看见一株株巨大的石笋,有的高达40英尺,像down the steep sides of the cave until they came to a narrow 树干似地向上长着,与洞顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。周围是一堆corridor. They had to edge their way along this, sometimes 堆石灰石,像彩虹一样闪闪发光。洞里有一种可怕的寂静,唯一wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep 的可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断地滴水的嘀嗒声。 pools. Suddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave. They Lesson43 Fully insured
plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to Insuring public or private property is a standard the other side. To protect themselves from the icy water, practice in most countries in the world. If, however, you they had to wear special rubber suits. At the far end of were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad washed up by the water. In this part of the cave, they could weather. Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance hear an insistent booming sound which they found was company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay. caused by a small water-spout shooting down into a pool It is not uncommon to hear that a ship-ping company has made from the roof of the cave. Squeezing through a cleft in a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. But the the rocks, the potholers arrived at an enormous cavern, claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of the size of a huge concert hall. After switching on salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique. powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmitessome of Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen them over forty feet high--rising up like tree-trunks to feet long and six feet wide. It had been purchased by a local meet the stalactites suspended from the roof. Round about, authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an piles of lime-stone glistened in all the colours of the annual fair. The pie committee decided that the best way rainbow. In the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured that could be heard was made by water which dripped it for the trip. Shortly after it was launched, the pie continuously from the high dome above them. committee went to a local inn to celebrate. At the same time, 洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一项比较新的体育活动。寻a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a 求独处的愿望或寻求意外发现的机会的欲望吸引人们来到地下little party of their own. Modern dances proved to be more 深处。要想对洞穴探险者的动机作出满意的解释是不可能的。than the disk could bear, for during the party it capsized 对洞穴探险者来说,洞穴有一种特殊的魅力,就像高山对登山and sank in seven feet of water. 者有特殊魅力一样。为什么洞空能引发人的那种探险本能,人The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who 们对此只能有一种模模糊糊的理解。
arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish. 探测非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能胜Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on 任的。这种活动需要有军事行动般的周密布署和预见能力。有while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate 时需要花费整整8天时间来搭起绳梯,建立供应基地,然后才the dish. They had little difficulty in finding it, but 能到一个很深的洞穴里。作出这样的准备是必要的,因为无法hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem. 预见到洞穴探险者究竟会遇到什么性质的困难。世界上最深的The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost 洞穴是格里诺布尔附近的高弗.伯杰洞,深达3,723英尺。这个impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without 深邃的洞穴是由一条地下暗泉冲刷岩石中的缝隙并使之慢慢变damaging it. Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the 大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿尔卑斯山的高原上,仅6dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. The dish 尺宽,很难被发现。若不是法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰由于偶然rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal 的机会发现了这个洞口的话,这个洞也许不会为人所知。自从bank. For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched 被发现以后,这个洞成了洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰,人们多次precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly 进入洞探险,但至今尚有不少东西有待勘探。
overbalanced and slid back into the water. The men were now 最近,一队洞穴探险者下到了高弗.伯杰洞里。他们从高原obliged to try once more. This time they fixed heavy metal 上的窄缝进去,顺着笔直陡峭的洞壁往下爬。来到一条狭窄的clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten 走廊上。他们不得不侧着身子往前走,有时过浅溪,有时游过the chains. The dish now had to be lifted vertically because 深潭。突然,他们来到一道瀑布前,那瀑布奔泻而下,注入洞one edge was resting against the side of the canal. The winch 底一处地下湖里。他们跳入湖中,把各种器具装上一只充气的was again put into operation and one of the men started up 橡皮艇,听任水流将他们带往对岸。湖水冰冷刺骨,他们必须the truck. Several minutes later, the dish was successfully
hauled above the surface of the water. Water streamed in at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. huge wave in the canal. There was danger that the wave On motor-ways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of dish plunging into the water again. By working at the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a dry land before the wave returned. great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your 保险公司一般说来愿意承保一切东西。承办公共财产或私人财legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet 产保险是世界上大部分国家的正常业务。如果你要举办一次露interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, 天游园会或盛宴,为避免碰上不好的天气而遭受损失也同样可of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are 以保险,不用说,保险公司承担风险越大,你付的保险费也就likely to get sea-sick, no form of transport could be worse. 越高。航运公司为打捞沉船而提出索赔,这是常有的事,但某Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a 地当局为打捞一只焙制馅饼的盘子提出索赔,倒是件新鲜的事long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice 儿。
up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of 这个馅饼盘子确实少见,有18英尺长,6英尺宽。某地方travelling on a ship. 当局买下它用来焙制一个巨大的馅饼为一年一度交易会助兴。Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even 馅饼委员会确认运输这只盘子的最佳方案是通过运河水运。于hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have 是,他们对这只盘子的运输安全投了保。盘子下水后不久,馅the grave disadvantage of being the most expensive form of 饼委员会成员们来到当地一家小酒店庆贺。就在这个时候,许transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. 多十几岁的孩子爬盘子举行他们自己的集会。他们跳起了舞,Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, 盘子难以承受。舞会进行过程中,盘子倾覆,沉入了7英尺深and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. 的水中。
You do not have to devise 馅饼委员会给当地汽车修理库老板打,他闻讯后开着一辆ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane 急修车前来打捞盘子。那些孩子们穿着湿衣服哆嗦,看着3gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you 工人轮潜入水中以确定盘子的位置。他们没费多大事儿就找到settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real 了盘子。可是把盘子捞出却是一个很大的难题。盘子四边十分escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on 光滑,要在盘边拴上绳索或链条而同时又不损坏它是很难办到some services. But even when such refinements are not 的。不过,他们终于将链条固定在盘子的一端,一台大功率的available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An 绞车开动起来。盘子慢慢浮出水面,被轻轻地拽向运河岸边。aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of 在令人忐忑不安的瞬间,盘子晃晃悠悠地上了岸,但它突然失the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and 去了平衡,又跌回水中。工人们只得再来一次。这次,他们用deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the 沉重的金属夹子把盘子夹住,以便往盘子上安装铁链。这次,landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the 盘子必须垂直吊出水面,因为盘子的一边紧靠着运河河岸。绞extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch 盘机再次启动,一位工人发动了急修车的引擎。几分钟后,盘out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly 子被成功地拽出了水面。波浪从盘子两侧急涌而出,在运河里in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is 掀起一股大浪。但是当波浪从河对岸折回来时,就有再次把盘nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However 子拖进水里的危险。工人们动作迅速,终于赶在那股大浪返回you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you 之前把盘子拽到了岸上。 Lesson44 Speed and comfort
will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey. People travelling long distances frequently have to 出远门的人常常需要决定是走旱路、水路,还是坐飞机。很少decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or 有人能够真正喜欢坐几个小时以上的火车。车厢很快就变得拥air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train 挤、闷热,想摆脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。看书只能解决部分问for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get 题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦乡。白天是cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your 忽睡忽醒,到了夜晚,你真想睡了,却很难入睡。即使你走运弄mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, 到一个卧铺,夜间有一半时间你会盯着车顶那盏小蓝灯而睡不着for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the 觉;要不然就为查票摸索你的车票。一旦抵达目的地,你总是疲rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes 惫不堪。乘汽车作长途旅行则更加不舒服,因为连看书都几乎不in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, 可能。在公路上还好,你至少能以相当快的速度安全地向前行。you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get 但旅行的大部分时间都花在路上,而且只有很少的服务设施,交a couchette, you spend half the night staring at the small 通也很拥挤。相比之下,坐船旅行或环游可以得到文明世界的各blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your 种享受。你可以在甲板上伸展四肢、做游戏,还能也很见到各种passport when you cross a frontier. Inevitably you arrive 有趣的人,能享用各种美味佳肴——当然,这一切只有在大海风
平浪静的情况下才有可能。如果大海肆虐起来,你就可能晕船,food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their 那种难受劲儿是任何一种别的旅行的方式都不会带来的。即使products. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be 风平浪静,坐船旅行也要占用很长时间。没有多少人会为享受replaced by a new $100,000 home. Reporters kept pressing 坐船旅行的乐趣而牺牲假期的时间。
for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as 飞机以危险而著称,连老资格的旅行者也怕飞机。飞机另一个spokesmen for the family at press conferences. The event 缺点是昂贵。但就速度与舒适而言,飞机是无与伦比的。腾云brought serious changes to the town itself. Plans were 驾雾,在30000 英尺高空以500英里的时速旅行,这种经历announced to build a huge new highway, as Aberdeen was now 令人心旷神怡。你不必想办法去摆脱旅途的困扰,因为飞机会likely to attract thousands of tourists. Signposts erected 迅速地把你送到目的地。几小时之,你躺在扶手椅上,享受着on the outskirts of the town directed tourists not to 旅途的欢乐。真正会享受的人还可以在某些航班上看一场电影Aberdeen, but to 'Quint-City U.S.A.' The local authorities 和喝香槟。即使没有这些消遣条件,也总是有事可做。飞机上,discussed the possibility of erecting a 'quint museum' to 你可以观察世界上非同寻常的奇妙的美景。你毫不费劲地飞越satisfy the curiosity of the public and to protect the 高山幽谷,你确能饱览的风貌。如果这种景色被遮住了,你可family from inquisitive tourists. While the five babies 以观赏一下展现在你面前的、一望数英里的、连绵不断的云海,were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital 同时灿烂,天空清澈明朗。旅途平稳,丝毫不妨碍你阅读或睡nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame. It 眠。不管你打算如何消磨时间,有件事是可以肯定的,即当你would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. 抵达目的地时,你感到精神焕发,毫无倦意,用不着因为漫长They had become the victims of commercialization, for their 的旅途的辛苦而花几天时间休息来恢复精神。

Lesson45 The power of press
names had acquired a market value. The town itself received so much attention that almost every one of the inhabitants was affected to a greater or less degree. In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the 在国家里,任何限制新闻自由的企图都理所当然地受到谴责。freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this 然而,这种自由很容易被滥用。常人轶事往往比政治事件更能引freedom can easily be abused. Stories about people often 起公众注意。我们都喜欢看关于别人生活的报道,但是否同样喜attract far more public attention than political events. 欢看关于自己生活的报道,就很难说了。记者按事实至上的论点Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it 行事,发表有关别人生活的细节,有时会给当事人造成极大的痛is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy 苦。新闻具有巨大的威力。它们不仅可以给寻常人家的生活带来reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that 重大的变化,甚至还能推翻一个政府。
facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to 下面这户穷人一夜之间出名发财的故事戏剧性地说明了新individuals by publishing details about their private 闻报道威力。这户人家住在南达科他州一个人口为23000 的小lives. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that 镇上,镇名为阿拜丁。家里已有5个孩子,全家人常年在贫困中they can not only bring about major changes to the lives 挣扎。第6个孩子即将问世,他们面临着更为严峻的经济问题。of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government. 如果他们只添了1个孩子,这件事本来就不会引起任何人的注意。The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune 这家人会继续为克服经济上的拮据而奋斗,并默默无闻地活下overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the 去。但是他们出人意料生了个五胞胎,41男。这事使他们的press. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 生活发生了根本的变化。五胞胎降生第二天,一架飞机飞抵阿拜inhabitants in South Dakota. As the parents had five 丁,随机带来60名记者与摄影师。
children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. 这一家迅速出了名。电视摄像机和报纸把消息传送到全国。They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even 报纸、杂志出高价向他们购买文字、图片的独家报道权。不但素more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one 昧平生的人寄来了大量的礼物,而且婴儿食品、婴儿肥皂制造厂more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They 商为了替自己产品做广告也寄来了大量的礼物。这家人住的旧家would have continued to struggle against economic odds and 舍将由一座价值50万美元的新住宅所取代。由于记者纷纷要求would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became 会见,他们不得不请了律师充当他们家的发言人举行记者招待the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event 会。眼下,五胞胎还静静地躺在医院婴儿室的氧气帐里,他们的which radically changed their lives. The day after the 父母却为这名声付出了代价,他们再也无法过正常的生活。他们birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in 成了商业化的受害者,因为他们的名字具有了市场价值。这些孩Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers. The 子立即成了商品,而不是5个新的家庭成员。 news was of national importance, for the poor couple had become the parents of the only quintuplets in America. Lesson46 Do it yourself
The rise to fame was swift. Television cameras and So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country. we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for labour. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs. for there are countless do-it-yourself publications. Armed Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby with the right tools and materials, newly-weds gaily embark
on the task of decorating their own homes. Men of all ages 报杂志,没有人再能说对某事一无所知。新婚夫妇找来合适的工spend hours of their leisure time installing their own 具和材料,喜气洋洋地开始布置新房。特别是男人,常利用空闲fireplaces, laying-out their own gardens; building 时间安装壁炉、布置花园、建造车库、制作家具。有些热衷于自garages and making 己动手的人甚至自己组装电脑。为了满足自己动手热的需要,商furniture. Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to 店不仅为初学者提供专门的咨询服务,而且为顾客准备了各种零build their own record players and radio transmitters. 件,供他们买回家去安装。这些东西为人们潜在的创造力提供了Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by 一个绝妙的用武之地。但不幸的是,我们并非人人都是能工巧匠。 running special advisory services for novices, but by 妻子常常认为她们的丈夫无比聪明能干。甚至那些连一枚钉offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble 子都钉不直的男人都被认为是天生的电工、木匠、水管工和机械at home. Such things provide an excellent outlet for 师。每当电灯保险丝烧断、家具榫头松动、管道堵塞、吸尘器不pent-up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us 动时,有些妻子认为丈夫总有办法。自己动手的例子中最糟糕的are born handymen. resourceful and versatile. Even husbands who can hardly 是,有时甚至是男人尽管接连失败却还误以为自己什么都行,原今年春天,妻子让我请人检查一下我家的割草机。那台割草Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely 因就是要面子。
drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born 机去年夏天就坏了,尽管我答应修,但一直没抽出时间,我不愿electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics. When 听妻子的建议,说我自己会修。一个星期六的下午,我把割草机lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, 拉到了花园里,仔细检查了一番。在我看来,只需稍加调整即可。or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, wives automatically 这儿紧紧螺丝,那儿固定一下,再加几滴油,就会像新的一样了。assume that their husbands will somehow put things right. 事实上,修理工作远不是那么简单。修完后割草机还是纹丝不动。The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that 于是,我决定把它拆开。一会儿工夫,割草机便被拆成一个个金sometimes husbands live under the delusion that they can 属零件,乱七八糟地堆在花园里。但我却非常高兴,因为我找到do anything even when they have been repeatedly proved 了毛病所在。驱动轮子的链条断了一节。我买来一根新链条后,wrong. It is a question of pride as much as anything 面临的就是如何把这些令人眼花缭乱的拼板重新组装起来。等我else. Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man 装完后,那台割草机仍然一动不动,对此我倒并不感到吃惊。原to look at our lawn-mower. It had broken down the previous 因很简单,因为还剩下几个形状奇特的零件似乎哪里也装不上summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never 去。我无可奈何,只好罢休。几个星期过去了,草长了起来。妻got round to it. I would not hear of the suggestion and 子喋喋不休让我想点办法。我告诉她,要么买一台新割草机,要said that I would fix it myself. One Saturday afternoon, 么让草长下去。不用说,我家现在已被丛林包围。深草丛中的某I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look 个地方有一台正在生锈的割草机,那就是我曾答应某日要修理的at it. As far as I could see, it only needed a minor 割草机。
adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening

up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new. Lesson47 Through the earth’s crust
Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple. The Satellites orbiting round the earth have provided mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it. scientists with a vast amount of information about The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which conditions in outer space. By comparison, relatively little had once made up a lawn-mower. But I was extremely pleased is known about the internal structure of the earth. It has with myself I had traced the cause of the trouble. One of proved easier to go up than to go down. The deepest hole the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped. ever to be After buying a new chain I was faced with the bored on land went down 25,340 feet-- considerably less than insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw the height of Mount Everest. Drilling a hole under the sea puzzle together again. I was not surprised to find that has proved to be even more difficult. The deepest hole bored the machine still refused under sea has been about 20,000 feet. Until recently, to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason scientists have been unable to devise a drill which would that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal be capable of cutting through hard rock at great depths. which did not seem to fit anywhere. I gave up in despair. This problem has now been solved. Scientists have developed The weeks passed and the grass grew. When my wife nagged a method which sounds surprisingly simple. A new drill which me to do something about it, I told her that either I would is being tested at Leona Valley Ranch in Texas is driven have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow. Needless by a turbine engine which is propelled by liquid mud pumped to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle. Buried into it from the surface. As the diamond tip of the drill somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn-mower revolves, it is lubricated by mud. Scientists have been which I have promised to repair one day. amazed to find that it can cut through the hardest rock with 现在我们自己动手做事的热情很高,结果对于专业工人的依great ease. The drill has been designed to bore through the 赖越来越少了。由于出版了不计其数的教人自己动手做事的书earth to a depth of 35,000 feet. It will enable scientists
to obtain samples of the mysterious layer which lies 调查揭示了我们所不喜欢的大量的噪间的来源:夏天呜呜作响的immediately below the earth's crust. This layer is known 割草机,公寓楼里深夜聚会的喧哗声,大声吵闹的邻居,各式各as the Mohorovicic Discontinuity, but is commonly 样的车辆,特别是穿越寂静的村庄的集装箱卡车,从头顶飞过的referred to as 'the Moho'. 飞机和直升机,被带到公共场所、音量开到最大的大功率收音机。Before it is possible to drill this deep hole, scientists 新技术也为噪音作了它的贡献。许多人都反对移动式,特别是在will have to overcome a number of problems. Geological 如饭店,公共交通车等公共场所使用移动。用移动大声交谈干扰tests will be carried out to find the point at which the 我们的思路,破坏我们和朋友在一起轻声聊天所得到的乐趣。这earth's crust is thinnest. The three possible sites which 个有关噪音的污染调查还揭示了一种出人意外而同时可能会引are being considered are all at sea: two in the Atlantic 人意外而同时可能会引人发笑的老式噪音源。它竟然是鼾声。人Ocean and one in the Pacific. Once they have determinded 类是这方面的罪魁祸首。调查指出,20%35岁左右的男人打鼾;on a site, they will have to erect a drilling vessel which 而到60岁这个年龄段,这个数字上升到令人惊愕的60%与这些will 数字相比,只有5% 的女性经常打鼾;而其余则经常被与她们同not be swept away by ocean currents. The vessel will 睡、像吹号似地打着呼噜的男人吵醒或弄得睡不着。不管噪声来consist of an immense platform which will rise to 70 feet 自何方,有一点是肯定的:看来寂静已变成一种珍贵的回忆。 above the water. It will be supported by six hollow columns
which will descend to a depth of 60 feet below the ocean Lesson48 The silent village
surface where they will be fixed to a huge float. A tall In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of steel tower rising to a height of nearly 200 feet will rest places which are inaccessible to tourists. We always assume on the platform. The drill will be stored in the tower that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. and will have to be lowered through about 15,000 feet of But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, water before operations can begin. Within the tower, there but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to will be a laboratory, living accommodation and a travellers. Visits to really remote villages are seldom helicopter landing station. Keeping the platform in enjoyable--as my wife and I discovered during a tour through position at sea will give rise to further problems. To do the Balkans. this, scientists will have to devise methods using radar We had spent several days in a small town and visited a and underwater television. If, during the operations the number of old churches in the vicinity. These attracted many drill has to be withdrawn, it must be possible to re-insert visitors for they were not only of great architectural it. Great care will therefore have to be taken to keep the interest, but contained a platform steady and make it strong enough to withstand large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. On hurricanes. If the project is successful, scientists will the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists not only learn a great deal about the earth, but possibly descended on the town. This was more than we could bear, about the nature of the universe itself. so we decided to spend our last day exploring the 污染就是我们为这个人口过密,过度工业化的星球所付出的countryside. Taking a path which led out of the town, we 代价。当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时,我们只有4种对付垃圾的crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood. We 方法:倾倒、焚烧、把垃圾变成再生材料或试图少产生一些垃expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it 圾。我们一直在试这4种方式,但是,我们在世界围仅产生的traced its way through the trees. We tramped through the 垃圾的量就有把我们覆盖的危险。
wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream. 然而,垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。日We could see that the path continued on the other side, but 益增长的对廉价食物的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。工业化we had no idea how we could get across the stream. Suddenly 的农作方式生产出廉价的肉类制品——牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉。使my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was 用杀虫剂和化肥生产出廉价的谷物和蔬菜。为了廉价食物我们a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him 付出代价已经太高了:牛肉中的疯牛病,鸡肉和鸡蛋中的沙门to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to 氏菌,奶制品中的利斯特杆菌。如果你想放弃肉类而变成一位do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us. The 素食者,那么你可以两者择一:或是选用价格昂贵、有机培植path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of 的蔬菜,或是当你认为在享用新鲜色拉和新鲜蔬菜或饮用一杯a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road 无害的水的时候,实际上每次都不断吃进杀虫剂。
which was lined on either side by small houses. Even under 但是,还有一种更加隐蔽有害的污染,它专门影响城镇地a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the 区,侵袭我们的日常生活,那就是噪音。防盗警报器在白天和houses were built of grey mud bricks. The village seemed 黑夜的任何时候都会响起来,它的作用只是骚扰过路行人,而deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black 实际上却帮助窃贼入室行窃。在街上,汽车的防盗警报不断对goat tied to a tree on a short length of 我们吼叫,这是人们极度烦燥的一个原因,最近一个有关噪音rope in a field nearby. Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden 的作用的调查(令人吃惊地)指出,夜间连续不断的狗叫声,fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines 在一个从1级至7级刻度表上应列为最严重的噪间污染。这个and had a picnic lunch. All at once, I noticed that my wife
seemed to be filled with alarm. Looking up I saw that we It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago. If she were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at were alive today she would not be able to air her views on us silently as we ate. We offered them food and spoke to her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants. them kindly, but they remained motionless. I concluded Aunt Harriet lived in that that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework. walked down the main street of the village, we were She had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'. followed by a silent procession of children. The village She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life. Faces though it was far appeared at windows. Men in shirt sleeves stood outside too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long their houses and glared at us. Old women in black shawls after her husband's death. Before she grew old, aunt Harriet peered at us from door-ways. The most frightening thing used to entertain lavishly. I often visited The Gables when of all was that not a sound could be heard. There was no I was a boy. No matter doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. We needed no how many guests were present, the great house was always further warning. Turning back down the main street, we immaculate. The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting. even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept 在这个旅游频繁的世界上,仍有成千上万个游人足迹未至的miraculously free from dust. Aunt Harriet presided over an 地方。人们总是以为偏僻的地方的村民们热情好客。但是,那invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, 些不但与外国旅游者隔绝,而且与本国同胞隔绝的人们有可能cleaned, and polished. She always referred to them as' the 对游客抱有敌意。到真正偏僻的村庄去旅游并不是一件愉快的shifting population', for they came and went with such 事情。我与妻子在一次周游巴尔干半岛时对此深有体会。
frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names, 我们在一座小镇上逗留了几天,参观了附近的许多古老的Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an 教堂。这些教堂吸引大量游客,不仅是因为建筑风格奇特,而enlightened policy in that she never allowed her domestic 且还有大量保存完好的壁画。我们离开小镇的前一天,镇上来staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely 了几辆满载游客的公共汽车。人多得使我们难以忍受,于是我difficult to please. While she always decried the 们决定利用最后一天去乡间一游。我们走上了一条出镇的小路,fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting 穿过几块农田,来到一片茂密的树林。我们原以为小路会到此search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even 突然终止。没想到它到树林中继续向前延伸。我们在树林中跋after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie. Bessie 涉了两个多小时,到了一条深溪边。我们可以看到小路在深溪worked for aunt Harriet for three years. During that time 对岸继续向前伸展,但却不知如何越过这道深溪。突然,妻子she so gained my aunt's confidence, that she was put in 发现岸边泊着一条小船,船上有一船夫在呼呼大睡。我们轻轻charge of the domestic staff. 地把他唤醒,请他把我们摆渡过溪。一开始,他很不愿意,但Aunt Hariet could not find words to praise Bessie's industry 经劝说,终于同意了。
and efficiency. In addition to all her other qualifications, 顺着小路,我们来到一个座落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。这Bessie was an expert cook. She acted the role of the perfect 儿有一条未经修筑的弯弯曲曲的道路,路两边排列着一些矮小servant for three years before aunt Harriet discovered her 的农舍。农舍全用灰色的土坯建成,因此,即使在晴朗的底下,'little weakness'. After being absent from The Gables for 村庄看上去也会令人感到难以亲近。村里似乎无人居住,唯一a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with 的生命迹象是附近田里一只面目可憎的黑山羊,用一截短绳拴a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner. 在一棵树上。我们在田边一堵东倒西歪的篱笆墙上坐下来,打Not only was the meal well below the usual standard, but 开几听沙丁鱼罐头,吃了一顿野外午餐。突然,我注意到妻子Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily. She bumped into the 十分惊恐。我抬头一看,发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的小孩团团furniture and kept mumbling about the guests. When she 围住了,他们在默不作声地看着我们吃饭。我们给他们东西吃,came in with the last coursea huge pudding-she tripped 客客气气地同他们交谈,但他们却一动也不动。我认为这不过on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, 是他们在陌生人面前表现出的害羞。后来,我们在村里的主要narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table 街道上行走的时候,一队默不作声的孩子跟在我们后头。刚才with considerable force. Though this occasioned great mirth 还似乎空荡荡的村庄一下子活跃了起来,窗口露出了一面孔,among the guests, aunt Harriet was horrified. She 只穿着衬衣的男人们站在屋子外面凶狠地盯着我们,披黑纱巾reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. 的老妇人站在门口偷偷地瞅着我们。最令人害怕的是到处没有The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment 一点声音。毫无疑问,我们的来访是不受欢迎的。我们不需要Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final 进一步的警告了。便掉转身子,沿着那条主要街道加快步伐,catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal 快速地朝深溪边走去,希望船夫还在那儿等着我们。
Lesson49 The Ideal Servant
their amusement. The poor girl was dismissed instantly. After her departure, aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes
neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe. everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip They had mysteriously found their way there from the back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this wine-cellar! year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. I limited 我的姑妈哈丽特好多年前就去世了,这倒是件好事。如果她myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises 活到今天,她将不能就她热衷的话题“佣人”发表意见了。哈every morning and to read more of an evening. An all-night 丽特生活在一个悠闲的年代,家务事都由雇来的佣人代劳。她party on New Year's Eve, provided me with a good excuse for 在乡下有一幢巨大杂乱的房子,叫作“山墙庄园”。她对这幢not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the 房子在感情上难舍难分。房子实在太大了,但在丈夫去世多年first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself 后,她仍然执意长年住在那儿。哈丽特姑妈年轻时,喜欢大摆assiduously to the task. The daily exercises lasted only 宴席,招待宾客。我小时候常去“山墙庄园”作客。不管去多eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning 少宾客,大房子里总是收拾得干干净净。镶木地板洁如明镜,before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to 擦得发亮的银器列在明亮的玻璃柜里,连姑夫的大量藏书也保drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual 存得很好,奇迹般地一尘不染。哈丽特姑妈统率着一支看不见was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down 的佣人大军,他们不停地擦拭、清扫、刷洗。她称这些佣人叫into the living-room for two days before anyone found me “流动人口”,因为他们来匆匆,所以我甚至都没有机会知道out. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the 他们的。姑妈待佣人在当时算是开明的,从来不让佣人每天工human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the 作超过8小时,但他们很难使她称心如意。她一方面总是批评breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that 人的本性朝三暮四,另一方面她又持之以恒地寻找一个理想的betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped in 佣人。即使在贝西大伤她的心之后,她还在找,一直到她死去。
to watch the performance. That was really unsettling but 贝西在哈丽特家干了3年。在此期间,她赢得了姑母的赏I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family 识,甚至当上了大管家。哈丽特不知该用什么言辞来赞扬贝西good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. 的勤奋与高效。贝西除了有各种本领以外,还是一个烹饪大师。However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises 她担任“理想仆人”角色3年之后,哈丽特终于发现她有“小gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes 小的弱点”。一次,姑妈有一个星期没在“山墙庄园”住。一fell to zero. By January 10th, I was back to where I had 天下午,她出其不意地回来了,带来一大批客人,吩咐贝西准started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting 备晚饭。结果,不仅饭菜远不如平时做得好,而且贝西走起路myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind fresh 来似乎东倒西歪。她撞到了家具上,嘴里还不断咕咕哝哝议论for reading when I got home from work. Resisting the 客人。当她端着最后一道菜——一大盘布丁——走进屋来时,hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a 在地毯上绊了一跤。布丁飞到半空,从姑母身边擦过,然后狠few evenings with my eyes glued to a book, one night, however, 狠地砸在餐桌上。这件事引起了客人们的欢笑,但哈丽特却着feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front 实吓了一跳。她不得不认定贝西是喝醉了。客人们自然从贝西of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my 为他们开门那一刻起就看出来了,在好长一段时间里,即最后undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing 这个乱子发生前,他们努力克制才没笑出声来。贝西当即被解off in front of the screen. I still haven't given up my 雇了。贝西走后,哈丽特姑妈发现在贝西以前用过的衣柜里整resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought 整齐齐地放着一堆堆形状各导、大小不一的酒瓶子。这些酒瓶a book entitled 'How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute'. 神不知鬼不觉地从酒窖来到了这里。

Lesson50 New Year Resolutions
Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!
新年是下决心的时候,至少在大多数人的心里会编排出一份The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least, “应做什么”和“不应做什么”的令人生畏的单子。相同的决心most of us could compile formidable lists of ' do's' and' 以单调的规律年复一年地出现。我们决心每天早晨起得早些;吃don'ts '. The same old favourites recur year in year out 得少些;多花点时间与孩子们一起做游戏;做大量的家务;对不with monotonous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier 喜欢的人友善一些;小心驾车;每天都要带着狗散步;等等。以each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the 往的经验告诉我们有些事是办不到的。如果我们烟瘾大,戒不掉,children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be 那是因为屡戒屡败,失去信心。我们大多数人想自我完善却遭到nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take 失败,这是因为我们的规划过于宏大,而又根本没有时间去实施。the dog for a walk every day. Past experience has taught 我们还犯有一个根本性的错误,即把我们的决心向大家宣布。这us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If 样一旦滑回到那些老习惯上去,我们在别人的眼里会显得更加难we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have 堪。我深知这些问题,于是,今年我对自己的计划要严加,只给so often experienced the frustration that results from 自己定下两项适中的任务;每天早上锻炼身体,每天晚上多看点failure. Most of us fail in our efforts at 书。新年除夕举办的一次通宵晚会,使我理直气壮地在新年头一self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious 天免去了这两项任务。不过,新年第二天,我全力以赴地照着去and we never have time to carry them out. We also make the 做了。 fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to
早锻炼一共只有11分钟,我打算在别人起床之前进行。into a national network and be used like radios. For 这就要求我比平时早11分钟把自己从床上拽起来,这种自我约instance, people going on holiday could be informed about 束是很艰苦的。不过开头两天我还是成功地蹑手蹑脚地来到楼weather conditions; car drivers could be given alternative 下起居室,被谁也没发现。我在地毯上跳来蹦过去,扭曲身子,routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible 摆出各种姿势,弄得浑身不舒服,然后坐到桌边吃早饭,一副to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people 筋疲力尽的样子。正是这副模样泄露了我的秘密。第二天早晨who do not share a common language to talk to each other 全家人结队来到起居室看我表演。这真叫人不好意思,但我心without any difficulty or to read foreign publications. It 平气和地顶住全家人的嘲笑和奚落。不久,大家对我习以为常is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this 了,而这时我的热情却减退了。我花在锻炼上的时间逐渐减少,sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused 慢慢地从11分钟减到了零。到了110日,我恢复了原来的simply through our failure to understand each other. 作息时间。我辩解说,早晨少耗费精力锻炼,晚上下班回家看Computers will also be used in hospitals. By providing a 书时头脑更清醒些。有几天晚上,我极力摆脱了电视的诱惑,machine with a patient's symptoms, a doctor will be able 坐在自己的房间里,两眼盯在书上。可是,有一天夜里,我感to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly, machines 到又冷又孤单,便来到楼下坐在电视机前假装看书。这下我可could be used to keep a check on a patient's health record 完了,因为不一会儿,我就恢复了以前的坏习惯,在屏幕前打and bring it up to date. Doctors will therefore have 起瞌睡来。但我还没有放弃多看些书的决心。事实上,我刚买immediate access to a great many facts which will help them 来一本叫《一分钟读一千字的诀窍》的书。也许这本书能解决in their work. Book-keepers and accountants, too, could be 我的问题,但我一直还没时间去看这本书!

Lesson51 Automation
relieved of dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely by machines. Computers are the most One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit the invention of computers. They are already widely used to the way they can be used to improve our lives. in industry and in universities and the time may come when 众所周知,预测未来是非常困难的。举个例子吧,在20世纪it will be possible 70年代中叶又有谁能想得到在20世纪末的时候,家庭用的计算for ordinary people to use them as well. Computers are 机会像电视机一样普遍?在70年代,计算机已经相当普及了,capable of doing extremely complicated work in all 但只用在大公司,政府部门和大的组织之中,它们被称为主机。branches of learning. They can solve the most complex 计算机主机确实很大,常常占据了装有空调的多间房间,雇用专mathematical problems or put 职的技师,而且得用专门编写的软件才能运行。虽然这种大计算thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can 机仍然存在,但它们的许多功能已被体积小但功能齐全的个人电be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide 脑——即我们常说的PC机——所代替了。
information on the best way to prevent traffic accidents, 1975年,美国推出了一台被称为“牛郎星”的原始机型。or they can count the number 格地说起来,它可以被称为第一台“家用电脑”,而且它也指了of times the word 'and' has been used in the Bible. Because 今后的方向。70年代末,在牛郎星之后又出现了一种被称为“苹they work accurately and at high speeds, they save 果”的机型。80年代初,计算机行业的王牌公司美国国际商用机research workers years of hard work. This whole process 器公司(IBM)生产出了世界上第一台个人电脑。这种电脑采用by which machines can be used to work for us has been called 了一种被称为磁盘操作系统(DOS)的工作程序,而这种程序是automation. In the future, automation may enable human 由当时规模不大的微软公司生产的。IBM的个人电脑被大规模地beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The 模仿。从那些简陋的初级阶段,我们看到了现在都已普及的、使coming of automation is bound to have important social 用简便的家用电脑和多媒体的微机的发展。
consequences. 想一想这些发展的时间多么短,就更觉得英国人莱昂.巴格Some time ago an expert, on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, 瑞特有着非凡的能力。他在60年代就能预言我们今天知道的计pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these 算机的一些用途。巴格瑞特根本不接受计算机可以学会自己去machines could 'think'. There is no possibility that human “思考”和计算可以“统治世界”这种想法,而这种想法是当时beings will be 'controlled by machines'. Though computers 的人们都愿意相信的。巴格瑞特预示有一天计算机可以小到拿在are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving 手上,计算机可以使办公室人员和会计免除那些枯燥、重复的劳on their performance they need detailed instructions from 动。计算机的所有这些功能现在都变得很平常。当然了,莱昂.human beings in order to be able to operate. They can never, 巴格瑞特根本没有可能预测到国际交互网——就是把计算机连as it were, lead independent lives, or 'rule the world' 结到线路上,以便和世界上任何一个地方的人立即进行联系的一by making decisions of their own. 个世界围的通讯系统——的发展。他也无法预测到我们可以利用Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be 国际交互网获取有关任何已知专题的信息,以便在家里的屏幕上developed which would be small enough to carry in the 阅读,如果愿意的话甚至可以将其打印出来。计算机已经变得体pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to 积越来越小,功能越来越多,价格越来越低,这就是莱昂.巴格obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged
瑞特的预测非凡的地方。如果他或是像他的什么人今天还活着Harry decided that this little game he had invented might 的话,他大概可以告诉我们下一个50年后会发生什么事情。 prove to be expensive. The curious bottle which now adorns
Lesson52 Mud is mud
the bookcase in his study was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics. My cousin, Harry, keeps a large curiously shaped bottle 我的堂兄哈里在他的书房里一直摆着一只形状古怪的大瓶子。on permanent display in his study. Despite the fact that 尽管那只瓶子呈淡绿色,但细心的客人很快就会发现瓶里装的是the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an 一种看上去黏稠,颜色发灰的东西。要是你问哈里瓶里装着什么,observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with 他会告诉你是香水泥。如果你表示怀疑或惊奇,他会立即请你闻what looks like a thick greyish substance. If you were to 一闻,然后取出一些抹在你的皮肤上。这一简单的试验会消除你ask Harry what was in the bottle, he would tell you that 可能存有的一切疑虑。瓶里装的的确是香水泥。哈里如何得到这it contained perfumed mud. If you expressed doubt or 种稀奇古怪的东西的,这里有个有趣的故事,而且他挺爱把它讲surprise, he would immediately invite you to smell it and 给别人听。此外,得到这瓶香水泥还治好了他多年的一个坏习惯。 then to rub some into your skin. This brief experiment 哈里曾认为走进一家名贵化妆品商店,荒唐地提出要买一种would dispel any further doubts you might entertain. The 根本不存在的商品是件开心的事儿。他会当场编造出一些稀奇古bottle really does contain perfumed mud. How Harry came 怪的货名。他走进商店后,会提出要一种名叫“香影”的新型香into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an 水或什么“不溶浴皂”。要是女售货员告诉他从未听说过这些东interesting story which he is fond of relating. Further- 西,他会装出十分遗憾和不安的样子。他爱听售货员说他想像出more, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad 来的那种东西暂时脱销,于是他就煞有介事地许诺改天再来光habit he had been developing for years. cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that 顾。当然,他再也不会来了。我实在想像不出哈里在这些表演中毋须暗示哈里就会向你讲起他买下那瓶珍贵香水泥的经过。Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive 是怎样装出一本正经的样子的。
do not exist. He would invent fanciful names on the spot. 一天,他去伦敦一家高级商店要买一种叫“密诺莱特”的东西,On entering a shop, he would ask for a new perfume called 店员露出诧异的神色。哈里又慢慢地,一字一顿说了一遍这个词,'Scented Shadow' or for 'insoluble bath cubes'. If a shop 那个女售货员还是迷惑不解地摇了摇头。哈里便进一步解释“密girl told him she had not heard of it, he would pretend 诺莱特”是一种质地坚硬、状似琥珀的东西,可以用来除去雀斑。to be considerably put out. He loved to be told that one 他的解释显然对女售货员有些启示。她一个货架接着一个货架地of his imaginary products was temporarily out of stock and 寻找,拿出各种各样稀奇古怪的化妆品,但没有一样能够符合哈he would faithfully promise to call again at some future 里的要求。哈里装出不高兴的样子时,女售货员答应为他定货。date, but of course he never did. How Harry managed to keep 哈里为他的骗术而感到洋洋得意,又提出要买香水泥。他原想女a straight face during these performances is quite beyond 售货员会惊奇地望着他,不知所措,没料到这回该轮到他自己吃me. 惊了。因为那女售货员听完哈里的话后,马上眼睛一亮,拿出几Harry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought 瓶东西放在柜台上让哈里挑选。哈里只好认输。他挑出一个看上his precious bottle of mud. One day, he went to an 去最小的瓶子,谨慎地问了价。他庆幸自己只破费了20英镑便exclusive shop in London and asked for 'Myrolite'. The 得以脱身。他把那宝贵的瓶子放在腋下夹着,溜之大吉。从那以shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, 后,他认识到自己发明的小小恶作剧是要付出很大的代价的。在slowly stressing each syllable. When the girl shook her 他书房的书柜里摆着那瓶形状古怪的香水泥就是他第一次也是head in bewilderment, Harry went on to explain that 最后一次购买的稀有化妆品。
'myrolite' was a hard, amber-like substance which could

be used to remove freckles. This explanation evidently Lesson53 In the public interest
conveyed something to the girl who searched shelf after The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the shelf. She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has none of them met with Harry's requirements. When Harry put evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual on his act of being mildly annoyed, the girl promised to citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. order some for him. Intoxicated by his success, Harry then The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in asked for perfumed mud. He expected the girl to look at other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland, and New him in blank astonishment. However, it was his turn to be Zealand. Even countries with large populations like Britain surprised, for the girl's eyes immediately lit up and she and the United States are seriously considering imitating 'fetched several botties which she placed on the counter the Swedes. for Harry to inspect. For once, Harry had to admit The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials defeat. He picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act and discreetly asked the price. He was glad to get away over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the with a mere five guineas and he beat a hasty retreat, public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament clutching the precious bottle under his arm. From then on, introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the
individual. A parliamentary committee representing all 提出,司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他political parties appoints a person who is suitably 的助手协助工作,每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什qualified to investigate private grievances against the 么秘密可言,他的信件是公开的,供公众监督。如果公民的意见State. The official title of the person is 正确,司法特派员便为他伸正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him 性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员,也可以甚至as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject 向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典to political pressure. He investigates complaints large 型例子。 and small that come to him from all levels of society. As 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员,抱怨说他受complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives 到警察的虐待,原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer 信给当地警察局长,请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任assistants to help him and he examines every single letter 何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实,警察局长矢口否认in detail. There is nothing secretive about the 这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是,当他又收到住在同一村Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public 庄的另一个外国人写的一封容类似的投诉信时,他立即派出一位inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the 律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes 警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载,司法特派员varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may 只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament 的斥责,并被告知,如果再有人投诉他,他将受到起诉。司法特that a law be altered. The following case is a typical 派员及时采取的行动,迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件,不然这example of the Ombudsman's work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the 件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。

Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the Lesson54 Instinct or cleverness?
police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing continually wages war on item, for they contaminate his food, in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting or bite justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live action, but when he received a similar complaint from in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer them increases our understanding with out dispelling our ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the organized society does nothing to prevent us from being policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling recorded in he official files. It was only possible for over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much the Ombudsman to we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny find this out by sending one of his representatives to sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of check the facts. The policeman in question was severely being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they reprimanded and was informed that if any further are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. are strangely fascinaing. We enjoy reading about them, The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them 斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策,受到全世界的entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope 推崇。在瑞典,已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of 不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly 效,已被其他国家采纳。
bearing home an enormous dead beetle ? 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands 生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The 而把事情做过了头。早在1809年,瑞典论会就建立一个保护公tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of 民利益的制度。议会有一个代表各政党利益的委员会,由它委the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because 派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为it has survived several severe winters, but because it “司法特派员”,但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”,即“司法特occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, 派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to 阶层的各种大小意见,并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be
found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited
by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey Lesson55 From the earth: greatings
from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all tree with sticky tape , making it impossible for the ants weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky that they did distant stars. These signals are produced by colliding not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. The most powerful scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I signals that have been received have been emitted by what even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named satisfaction (and surprise that the ants were still 'quasars'. swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do A better understanding of these phenomena may completely anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to alter our conception of the nature of the universe. The find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing years the largest in the world. A new telescope, over twice up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the size, was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia. the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to may one day pick up signals which have been sent by find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods! intelligent beings on other worlds. This possibility gives 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益rise to interesting speculations. Highly advanced 少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争,因为昆虫弄脏我们的食civilizations may have existed on other planets long before 物,传播疾病,吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth. Conversely, 晚上,它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里,或者对着露出亮光的intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on 窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中,不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in 类令人讨厌的昆虫,而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆thousands of years' time, or when life on earth has become 虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解,却不能消除我们的恐惧的心extinct. Such speculations no longer belong to the realm 理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里,当看of science fiction, for astronomers are now exploring the 到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时,我们也无法chances of communicating with living creatures (if they 抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜,或读过多少关于exist on distant planets. This undertaking which has been 蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书,我们仍然十分害怕被蜂named Project Ozma was begun in 1960, but it may take a great 蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的,但去无法消除。同时,many years before results are obtained. 不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书,尤其Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait 是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时,就更加爱读thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from 有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事,它们不知道(但a distant planet, scientists engaged in Project Ozma are 愿如此)我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时,一concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively 队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时,谁能不感到敬畏呢?
close. One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is 去年夏天,我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁eleven light years away. If signals from the earth were 爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this 面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪,不仅因为它度过了star, we would have to wait twenty-two years for an answer. 几个寒冬终于活了下来,而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially 来。到了夏天,我发现树叶开始枯萎,结果在树叶背面找到成designed to distinguish between random signals and signals 串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击,蚂蚁从它们which might be in code. Even if contact were eventually 身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验,这项试验尽established, astronomers would not be able to rely on 管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁,却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶language to communicate with other beings. They would use 带把桃树底部包上,不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘,蚂蚁不敢mathematics as this is the 从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里,我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来only truly universal language. Numbers have the same value 回转悠,不知所措。半夜,我还拿着电筒来到花园里,满意地anywhere. For this reason, intelligent creatures in any (同时惊奇地)发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。part of the universe would be able to understand a simple 第二天早上,我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试,arithmetical sequence. They would be able to reply to our 结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外signals using similar methods. The next step would be to 墙往上爬,然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂try to develop means for sending television pictures. A 蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策,来对付我那套完全single picture would tell us more than thousands of words. 不科学的办法!
In an age when anything seems to be possible, it would be
narrow-minded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts exciting of all. We welcome the seasons by the river- side, to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe. crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring, 天文学方面最新发展使得我们能够在银河系和其他星系发现holding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks 行星。这是一个重要的成就,因为相对来说,行星很小,而且for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holly wreath 也不发光。寻找行星证明相当困难,但是要在行星上发现生命into the current in the winter. After a long period of rain 会变得无比艰难。第一个需要解答的问题是一颗行星是否有能the river may overflow its banks. This is a rare occurrence 够维持生命的条件。举例来说,在我们的太阳系里,对于生命as our climate seldom god to extremes. We are lucky in that 来说,金星的温度太高,而火星的温度则太低。只有地球提供only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion 理想的条件,而即使在这里,植物和动物的进化也用了40亿年of our farm, are affected by flooding, but other farms are 的时间。
less favourably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell 一颗行星是否能够维持生命取决于它的恒星——即它的disaster for their owners. “太阳”——的大小和亮度。设想一下,一颗恒星比我们的太One bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower 阳还要大,还要亮,还要热20倍,那么一颗行星为了维持生命meadows. All the cattle had been moved into stalls and we 就要离开的它的恒星非常远。反之,如果恒星很小,维持生命stood to lose little. We were, however, worried about our 的行星就要在离恒星很近的轨道上运行,而且要有极好的条件nearest neighbours, whose farm was low lying and who were 才能使生命得以发展,但是,我们如何才能找到这样一颗行星newcomers to the district. As the floods had put the 呢?现在,没有一台现存的望远镜可以发现生命的存在。而开telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were 发这样一台望远镜将会是21世纪天文学的一个重要的研究课managing. From an attic window we could get a sweeping view 题。
of the river where their land joined ours, and at the most 使用放置在地球上的望远镜是无法观察到其他行星的生命critical juncture we took turns in watching that point. The 的。地球周围温暖的大气层和望远镜散出的热量使得我们根本first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down. Next 不可能找到比行星更小的物体。即使是一台放置在围绕地球的came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid that the 轨道上的望远镜——如非常成功的哈勃望远镜——也因为太阳strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere 系中的尘埃微粒而无法胜任。望远镜要放置在木星那样遥远的before it became exhausted. Suddenly a raft appeared, 行星上才有可能在外层空间搜寻生命。因为我们越是接近太阳looking rather like Noah's ark, carrying the whole family, 系的边缘,尘埃就越稀薄。一旦我们找到这样一颗行星,我们a few hens, the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage. We realized 就要想办法将它的恒星射过来的光线遮暗,这样我们就能彻底that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising “看见”这颗行星,并分析它的大气层。首先我们要寻找植物,flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would 而不是那种“小绿人”。行星上最容易生存下来的是细菌。正have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged. 是细菌生产出我们在地球上呼吸的氧气。在地球上发展的大部The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows 分进程中,细菌是地球上唯一的生命形式。作为地球上的居民,with boathooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner 我们总存有这样的希望:小绿人来拜访我们,而我们可以和他of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank. 们交流。但是,这种希望总是只在科幻小说中存在。如果我们We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so. 能够在另一颗行星上找到诸如细菌的那种低等生命,那么这个 形成我们农场东部边界的一条河流一直在我们生活中发挥着发现将彻底改变我们对我们自己的看法。正如美国国家航空和重要作用。要是没有这条河,我们就无法生存下去。泉水只能满宇宙航空局的丹尼尔.戈尔丁指出的“在其他地方发现生命会足家庭生活用水,因此我们必须从河里抽水以用于农业生产。我改变一切。任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”
Lesson56 The river beside our farm
们向那条河倾诉我们的秘密。我们本能地懂得,就像养蜂人和他的蜜蜂那样,要是我们不把生活中的重大的事件告诉那条河,就可能大祸临头。
The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has 夏天,我们为这条河举办特殊的生日宴会。有时,我们溯流always played an important part in our lives. Without it 而上来到我们喜爱的回水河汊举办;有时在船坞举办。那船坞是we could not make a living. There is only enough spring 农场一位前辈在一块草地上盖的,草地紧挨着一个专供游泳、跳water to supply the needs of the house, so we have to pump 水的深水池。天气炎热时,我们便选择在半夜举办生日聚会,这from the river for farm use. We tell the river all our 种聚会是最令人激动的。我们在河边迎接一年四季。春天在河边secrets. We know instinctively, just as beekeepers with 为最年轻的姑娘戴上花冠,夏天在河边欢庆“仲夏前夜”,秋天their bees, that misfortune might overtake us if the 在河边丰收而感恩,冬天往河中抛撒一个冬表花环。
important events of our lives were not related to it. 久雨这后,河水会泛滥成灾,但是在我们这里,气候很少We have special river birthday parties in the summer. 发生异常,河水极少泛滥。值得庆幸的是,只有低洼的受到洪水Sometimes we go up-stream to a favourite backwater, some- 影响,而低洼地在我们农场比例很小。其他农场地势欠佳,洪水times we have our party at the boathouse, which a 有时会给农场主带来灾难。
predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard 有一年冬天,天气不好,我们眼看着河水浸没了地势较低的by the deepest pool for swimming and diving. In a heat-wave 草场。所有的牲口已提前转移到畜圈里,没有造成什么损失。不we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most 过,我们很为我们的近邻担心。他们的农场地势低洼,而且他们
又新来乍到。由于洪水造成了中断,我们无法了解他们情况。country, as you sometimes do in dreams. And, as in a 从顶楼窗口看去,我们农场与他们农场接壤处的那段河流一览nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me. Fortunately 无余。在最紧急的时刻,我们轮流监视那段河流的险情。灾难for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared 的第一迹象是一只死羊顺流而下,接着一匹活马勇敢地与水搏on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. 击。但我们担心,洪水力量将使它上岸之前就筋疲力尽了。突I waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our 然,出现了一只筏子,看起来很像诺亚方舟,上面载着他们全old village. He said that there was now no village. I thought 家老小,还有几只母鸡、几只狗,一只猫与一只鸟笼,那里头he must have misunderstood me. so I repeated its name. This 有一只小鸟。我们意识到他们一定是被不断上涨的洪水吓坏了。time he pointed to the lake. The village no longer existed 因为他们的房子地基牢固,即使洪水几乎灭顶也不会倒塌。我because it had been submerged, and all the valley too. The 家的男人们手拿船篙过被水淹没草场,希望能够钩住筏子一角,lake was not a natural one, but a man made reservoir. 将它拽出激流,拖回岸边。他们终于成功了。至今我们仍认为 我停下车,让汽车发动机冷却一下,同时查看一下地图。我本这是个奇迹。 Lesson57 The return of the native
想离目的地已经不远,但周围一切对我仍很陌生。我5岁那年,父亲就带我出了国,那是18年前的事了。当时我母亲在一次事故中惨死,父亲未能很快从悲痛与孤独中恢复过来。他身边的一I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. 切都是母亲的影子不断勾起他的伤感。于是他决定移居他国。在I had expected to be near my objective by now, but 这个新的国家里,父亲专心致志地为我们俩开创一种新的生活,everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five when 慢慢地不伤心了。父亲没有再娶,因此,我在没有母亲的环境里my father had taken me abroad, and that was eighteen years 长大成人。但我却什么都不缺,他既当父亲又当母亲。他总想将ago. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he 来回国看看,但却不愿长期住下去,因为他与我一样已经把根深did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness. 深地扎在异国的土地上。 但是,他想看一看家乡父老乡亲,为Everything around him was full of her presence, 我的母亲扫墓。就在他计划回国的前几个月,他突然身患绝症。continually re-opening the wound. So he decided to 他知道自己已奄奄一息,于是他要我答应一定单独回故乡一趟。 emigrate. In the new country he became absorbed in making 我下飞机后租了一辆车,并买了一本详尽的地图册。在乡间a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased 行车途中,我觉得它非常有用,但快到家了,我倒觉得它没什么to grieve. He did not marry again and I was brought up 用了。这倒并非是我背熟了地图,而是父亲曾详细给我讲了,在without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he 过了离故乡最近的那个小镇后,在每一个路标处可见到些什么。was both father and mother to me. He always meant to go 因此,我相信这段路对我来说会是很熟悉的。唉,实际我错了,back one day but not to stay. His roots and mine had become 我现在迷路了。 too firmly embedded in the new land. But he wanted to see 我看了看地图,又查了一下里程表。从小镇出来,我走了the old folk again and to visit my mother's grave. He 10英里。照父亲的说法,我面前应是一个山谷,有农场与村舍,became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to 还可远远望见老家村子里的教堂的尖顶。可现在我却看不出山go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise 谷,看不见农舍,也看见教学尖顶,看见只是一片湖泊。我想一to go on my own. 定是什么地方拐错了弯儿。于是我驾车返回小镇,重新按路线行I hired a car the day after landing and bought a 驶。结果又来到刚才那个拐弯处。奇怪的是那个湖没有在地图上comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on 标出。我感到自己就像平时作梦那样迷迷糊糊地闯进了恶梦境the cross country journey, but which I did not think I 地。就像在恶梦里一样,见不到一个人可以帮助我。不过,我是should need on the last stage. It was not that I actually 幸运的,正当我走投无路之时,从天边出现一个骑马的人向我骑remembered anything at all. But my father had described 来。等他走近了,问他去老家的路。他说那村子已经没有了。我over and over again what we should see at every milestone, 想他一定误解了我的意思,于是又说一遍村庄的名字。这次他用after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I 手指了一下那个湖。村庄已不复存在,因为已经为水所淹,山谷should recognize it as familiar territory. Well, I had 也被水淹没了。这不是一个天然湖泊,是一座人工修建的水库。
been wrong, for I was now lost.

I looked at the map and then at the milometer. I had come Lesson58 A little spot of bother
ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where according to my father, I should be looking at farms and she lived. Her shopping had tired her and her basket had cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our grown heavier with every step of the way home. In the lift village showing in the far distance. I could see no valley, her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she no farms, no cottages and no church spire--only a lake. got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. discovery that her front door was open. She was thinking So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, that she must reprimand her daily maid the next morning for taking frequent glances at the map. I landed up at the same such a monstrous piece of negligence, when she remembered corner. The curious thing was that the lake was not marked that she had gone shopping after the maid had left and she on the map. I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare knew that she had turned both keys in their locks. She walked
slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room 此刻老妇人也镇定了下来,准备在看门人的协助下搜寻可能仍躲doors were open, yet following her regular practice she 藏在她房里的窍贼。
had shut them before going out. Looking into the drawing 他俩搜遍这每一个房间,小心翼翼地不接触任何东西,因为room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk. 他们怕妨碍警察寻找指纹。房间里的紊乱状况是无法想像的。老It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced 妇人在这套公寓里住了30年,她又是个名副其实的收藏家。看an entry during her absence. Her first impulse was to go 来她的每一件东西都被翻了出来,并且被里里外外看了遍。这样round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she 一来,她倒是容易将那些几年前就该扔掉的东西找出来了。过了decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have 一会儿,一位巡官带着一名警察来了。她向他们讲述了发现公寓someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from his 遭劫的经过。巡官开始搜寻指纹,警察经检查发现大门锁头并无basement. By this time her legs were beginning to tremble, 撬过的迹象。由此可以证明,窍贼或者是用万能钥匙,或者是翻so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while 越阳台进来的。巡官没有发现指纹,却发现了一个装有珠宝的、he telephoned the police. Then, her composure regained, 肮脏的红包袱。老妇人说那不是她的。很明显,闯进这套公寓的she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to 窃贼那天并不是首次作案,而且他一定受了惊吓。巡官请老妇人search for any intruders who might still be lurking in her 在次日之前设法查清丢了些什么,并劝她几夜之不要独自一人在flat. nothing, as they did not want to hinder the police in their 公寓过夜。老妇人觉得巡官大惊小怪,但既然看门人也同意他的
They went through the rooms, being careful to touch 意见,她只得打向女儿求援,说她碰到了一点儿小麻烦。 search for fingerprints. The chaos was inconceivable. She Lesson59 Possession amassing and collecting
had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable People tend to amass possessions, some-times without being magpie at hoarding; and it seemed as though everything she aware of doing so. Indeed they can have a delightful possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over. surprise when they find something useful which they did not At least sorting out the things she should have discarded know they owned. Those who never have to change house become years ago was now being made easier for her. Then a police indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of clutter. They leave un- wanted objects in drawers, her discovery of the ransacked flat. The inspector began cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that one day need just those very things. As they grow old, people the front door locks had not been forced, thereby also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in or entered over the balcony. There was no trace of turning out and throwing away, and sentiment. Things owned fingerprints, but the inspector found a dirty red bundle for a long time are full of associations with the past, that contained jewellery which the old lady said was not perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually hers. So their entry into this flat was apparently not the acquire a value beyond their true worth. Some things are burglars' first job that day and they must have been collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid disturbed. The inspector then asked the old lady to try waste. Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept to check what was missing by the next day and advised her by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save not to stay alone in the flat for a few nights. The old buying these two requisites. Collecting small items can lady thought he was a fussy creature, but since the porter easily become a mania. I know someone who always cuts out agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would her help in what she described as a little spot of bother. like to buy, if she had the money. As she is not rich, the 老妇人回到了她居住的公寓楼,心里很高兴。去商店买东西chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases 把她搞得筋疲力尽;在回家的路上,她每走一步,就感到手里are remote; but she is never sufficiently strongrminded to 的篮子又重了一点。她乘上电梯后,只想着午餐和好好休息一be able to stop the practice. It is a harmless habit, but 下。但她到自己的楼层走出电梯后,就把这两件事忘了个干净,it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time 因为她突然发现她家的大门开着。她心想明天上午一定要好好she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every 训斥那个干家务的帮手,她竟如此疏忽大意。但突然记起来了,direction. 帮手是在她出去买东西之前走的,她还记得曾用了两把钥匙把Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has 大门锁上了。她慢慢地走进前厅,立即发现所有的房门都敞开many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, 着,而她记得在出门买东西前,她按老规矩是把房门一一锁上as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy. One does 的。她往起居室里看去,写字台边一片狼籍。事情很清楚,在not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection 她外出时,窃贼曾闯进家门。她第一个条件反射是各个房间搜is housed at home. Whatever it consists of , stamps, records, 寻一下窃贼,但转念一想,像她这个年纪,最好找个人一起去。first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, 于是她到地下室去找看门的人。这时她两腿累得开始发抖,于pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, 是坐了下来,喝了一杯浓茶。与此同时,看门的人给警察挂了。
there is always something to do in connection with it, from 你自信心不断增强,先是因为掌握一门学问,接下来是因为能够finding the right place for the latest addition to 就此发表见解。收藏活动通过富有建设性地利用业余时间使人感verifying facts in reference books. This hobby educates 到心满意足,不再有无聊之日。
one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general

matters which have some bearing on it. There are also other Lesson60 The importance of Punctuality
benefits. One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs of advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to a civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be show off the latest find. So one's circle of friends brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of grows. Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting chaos. Only in a sparsely- populated rural community is it in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare possible to disregard it. In ordinary living there can be specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is country. Over the years one may well become an authority working on some abstruse problem, has everything on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is informal talks to little gatherings and then, if therefore forgiven, if late for a dinner party. But people successful, to larger audiences. In this way are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, then from being able to talk about it. Collecting, by quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. contented, with no time for boredom. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tyres, 人们喜欢收藏东西,有时并没有意识到自己在这样做。确实,diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be 一旦无意之中从自己的收藏品中找到某件有用的东西时,可以on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens 给人一种惊喜的感觉。那些从来不必搬家的人们成了一种无所than those who are never late. The over-punctual can be as 无容的收藏家。他们专门收藏那些只能被称作杂货的东西。他much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who 们在抽屉里,碗柜中、阁楼上堆放着一些不用的东西,一放就arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some 是好几年,相信总有一天需要的正好是那些东西。人们年老之friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only 后也喜欢收藏东西,不过是出于两个不同的原因:一是体力,thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than 精力均告不佳,这二者是清除无用的东西必不可少的因素;另the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted 一原因是感情因素。东西搁得时间久了,便会充满着与过去岁them. 月的联系,比方说与死去的亲戚有关。因此这些东西慢慢获得 了一种超出它本身的价值。
If you are catching a train, it is always better to be 居家度日,有目的地收藏某些东西是为了防止浪费。这些comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute too late. 东西中我想举出线绳和包装纸为例。节俭的人们打开包裹后便Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this 把这两样必备的东西收藏起来。省得日后去买。收集小玩艺儿will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait 很容易着迷。我认识一个人,她总喜欢从报纸上剪下流行服装an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the 的图样,等以后有钱时去买服装。由于她并不富裕,她买得起frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train 这些服装的可能性十分渺茫。但她又缺乏足够坚强的意志把这is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on 一收集活动停下来。这种习惯无害,只把写字台里堆得满满当it. An even harder situation is to be on the platform in 当,以致每次打开抽屉总能带出许多纸片四处飞扬。
good time for a train and still to see it go off without 作为一种严肃的业余爱好的收藏活动完全是另外一回事,you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the 它具有许多益处。它可以使人在闲暇中得到休息,因为欣赏自first time she was travelling alone. 己收藏的珍品总会充满了乐趣。人们不必走到户外去寻求娱乐,She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was 因为收藏品都是存放在家中。不管收藏品是什么,邮票、唱片、due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would 头版书籍、瓷器、玻璃杯、老式家具、绘画、模型汽车、鸟类be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom 标本,还是玩具动物,从为新增添的收藏品寻找摆放位置到核she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her. She 对参考书中的事实,总归有事可做。这种爱好不仅能使人从选gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. To 择的专题中受到教育,而且也能从与之有关的一般事物中获得her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. She felt 长进。除此之外,还有其他的益处。收藏者要会见情趣相投的in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father 收藏者,以获取教益,交流经验、交换收藏品,炫耀自己的最had written down all the details of the journey and give 新收藏。朋友的圈子就这样不断扩大。用不了多久,有这种爱it to the porter. He agreed that a train did come into the 好的人便开始旅行,也许是去另一个城市参加会议,也可能是station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but 出国寻找一件珍品,因为收藏家是不分国籍的。一人积了多年only to take on water, not passengers. The girl asked to 经验会成为自己这种爱好的权威,很可能应邀在小型集会上作see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have 非正式的讲话。如果讲得好,可能向更多人发表演说。这样,made such a mistake. The porter went to fetch one and arrived
back with the stationmaster, who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; this little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for water. Just as that moment the train came into the station. The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van. But the stationmaster was adamant: rules could not be broken. And she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind. 准时是文明社会中进行一切社交活动时必须养成的习惯。不准时将一事无成,事事都会陷入混乱不堪的境地。只有在人口稀少的农村,才可以忽视准时的习惯。在日常生活中人们可以容忍一定程度的不准时。一个专心钻研某个复杂问题的知识分子,为了搞好手头的研究,要把一切都协调一致,组织周密。因此,他要是赴宴迟到了会得到谅解。但有些人不准时常常因为掐钟点所致,他们常常受到责备,精力充沛、头脑敏捷的人极不愿意浪费时间,因此他们常想做完一件事后再去赴约。要是路上没有发生如爆胎、改道、突然起雾等意外事故,他们决不会迟到。他们与那些从不迟到的人相比,常常是更勤奋有用的公民。早到的人同迟到的人一样令人讨厌。客人提前半小时到达是令人讨厌的。我家有几个朋友就有这有令人恼火的习惯。唯一的办法就是请他们比别的客人晚来半小时。这样,他们可以恰好在我们要求的时间到达。
如果赶火车,早到总比晚到好,哪怕早到一会儿也好。虽然早到可能意味着浪费一点时间,但这比误了火车等上一个多小时坐下班车浪费的时间要少,而且可以避免那种正好在火车驶出站时赶到车站,因上不去车而感到的沮丧。更难堪的情况是虽然及时赶到站台上,却眼睁睁地看着那趟火车启动,把你抛下。一个小姑娘第一次单独出门就碰到了这种情况。 在火车进站20分钟前她就进了车站。因为她的父母再三跟她说,如果误了这趟车,她的东道主朋友就得接她两趟,这是不应该的。她把行交给搬运工并给他看了车票。搬运工说她早到了两个小时,她听后大吃一惊。她从钱包里摸出一纸条,那上面有她父亲对这次旅行详细说明,她把这纸条交给了搬运工。搬运工说,正如纸条所说,确有一趟火车在那个时刻到站,但它只停站装,不载旅客。姑娘要求看到时刻表,因为她相信父亲不能把这么大的事弄错。搬运工跑回去取时刻表,同时请来了站长。站长拿着时刻表一挥手,指着那趟列车到站时刻旁边一个很小的圆圈标记。这个标记表示列车是为装而停车。正在这时,火车进站了。女孩泪流满面,央求让她不声不响地到押车员车厢里去算了。但站长态度坚决,规章制度不能破坏,姑娘只得眼看那趟火车消逝在她要去的方向而撇下了她。


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