非谓语之现在分词完成式用法两大语法特点
特点一：发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词的完成式所表示的动词，从时间上看，它总是表示所发生的动作在谓语动作之前。如：
Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to furnish it. 买了房子之后，他们没钱配家具。
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。
Having increased our manufacturing facilities, we are advertising to obtain more users. 增加了生产设备以后，我们做广告争取更多的用户。
Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。
Having compared the new dictionary with [to, and] the old one, he found the new one more helpful. 将新旧词典比较之后，他发现新词典更有用。
Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。
特点二：通常不用作后置定语
在通常情况下，现在分词的完成式主要用作状语，而不用作定语；若语义上有此需要，可以考虑改成定语从句。如：
丢失钱的人是吉姆。
误：Jim is the man having lost his money.
正：Jim is the man who has lost his money.
我们抓到了偷钱的人
误：We caught the person having stolen the money
正：We caught the person who had stolen the money
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