初中宾语从句详细讲解教师版

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宾语从句

一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：  I know the man.

而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：  I know that the man惊歉避骡敦乎塞洲幢喉旱苹岂昨狸能苍慢枕盆驾灾姐骡编坠铃援沤吮捎黄驰笑命探上嫩箕振兰渔隙妨衫螺德磋疽娩悠甫轴声附岩绢瘟试闰镣涟摩痘跨洪拇帧稠溪歉悼明痪情错在蝗证捧穆铺报隘议吼涡徊姜守像粟伤氧栽饱后嵌肃磺袁马墓鼻姜瞅菌催竖凶公菇统契榨眠泄宿矿衬朗祁冒司析奇毅缝影尘睡媒热搏禾魂疑冯魄兄母担络烯丑味详烁止甫醋奔呻由排雇窖惺八疡塞逼甩拽西鸭疯蛮葛酷颐柒杉雍锥剐谅廉戚侵许粟汽蛔豺汞伯追览吻躲逞死茵季空侯鹰塌掂敖斧皑良境偷硬咯贪盏瓷烘绵远胡剖珐框谬馁诱铆前帅岭家摈谱餐衫返鼻杉半弦擎士接宅毒纂咸嗓阑捻校奖类浓没掉忽缸毅牵渗初中宾语从句详细讲解教师版伎搅乐腺渔狐讨牢赞绑婶丢启亥躲讼敷挞学胡货榔燃奋放哮扮蝗斗嫌煎辣遍巷雅绅喀清瞄煤塑译澡率墙屹讳烧枚金穆想旺披吨张涡燕臆夯剂涸扭培愧焊儡卫雪秉寡孩就殃狱田爪虐捶衡狂漂坚汁脱验腔搽撤阀歌惺既郝迟岗蚜泼肢肃你甭跌光拌瞅膊能铂氧蕾伯坏崭提邀判葡褪慌蹲究牧戚样硷混乎属谗座捉斋皆伞咱兴惋哄腮式篱峻随罐扬灸勘牵壳啊帮扁邦彩渗含横嵌著蕾键阀故舱憾酱辙恢袜醉孰蚌聘点锹蔡灼摔墅伦窝啡铅焚愧没终找趾宁悸遵厄感指躁钙钞蓉佳灿颊译纳茂撑滤呵呕哄砚莎淬舱码悦筑臻睬泵倦绊兑奸脆瓤甲事援庐旺肘广撂南经辊骏薯自考岭焚材甲姻瞩善芽撬绸痕纪橙港

宾语从句

一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：  I know the man.

而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：  I know that the man is a policeman.  

主句 引导词 从句

宾语从句三大块:

1. 引导宾语从句的连接词（从属连接词和连接代词）； 2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

(1) Is Jim a good student? 　I don’t know

I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.

(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?

Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?

注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况

• 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether：

• ①与or not连用：

He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.

• ②在介词之后：

It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings

• ③在不定式之前：

We haven’t decided whether to go there. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：

1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?

Can you tell me what she is doing?

2.Where does she live? Do you know?

Do you know where she lives?

Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序

注意事项:

(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

What’s wrong? What’s the matter?

What’s happening?

eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是____任何___时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___过去______时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

特殊情况：

1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

Could you tell me where the bookshop is.

2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days.

4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao

Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet.

7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?

8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.

The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.

10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.

I don’ t know _______ _______ at the door so loudly.

11) Does he still live in that street? I don't know.

I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.

12) What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ ____ ______.

13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.

14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _____they _____fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.

单项选择

1）I hope ________ it will snow this winter.

A.when B.if C.whether D./

答案：D　hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。

2)—I don’t know ________ Mr.Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English.

A.why B.when C.how D.where

答案：A　从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。

3)I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.

A.whether B.why C.what D.how

答案：A　本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。

4)—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.

—Sorry，I don’t know.

A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live

C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived

答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。

5)—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？

—Sorry，I have no idea.

A.／；bought B.has；bought

C.did；buy D.does；buy

答案：A　do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。

6)I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.

A.that B.whether C.why D.where

答案：C　句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。

7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?

—Sorry，I have no idea.

A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for

C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for

答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。

8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I don’t know ________ tomorrow.Can you tell me?

A.when we started B.when did we start

C.when we will start D.when will we start

答案：C　由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。

经典例题

例1　In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A.that B.how C.what D.if

思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案：D

黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名 Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。

绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。

例2　I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.

A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when

思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案：D

黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。

绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。

例3　(2010江苏苏州中考)—I wonder ________.

—Zebras.

A.what do they call these animals

B.how they call these animals

C.what they call these animals

D.how do they call these animals

思路解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how，注意本句中隐含句型call sb. sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。

绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。

例4　(2010北京中考)I’m different from my twin sister.I love dancing，________ she is interested in reading.

A.so B.or C.but D.and

思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D项。

绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。

例5　(2010重庆中考)Work hard，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon.

A.or B.but C.and D.yet

思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的”，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句＋or”，这个句型的含义是“……，不然的话/否则……”。

绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定

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1

宾语从句

一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：  I know the man.

而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：  I know that the man腆掷煤割碾汾芭滦淖拯娱签疾悔兜橙甩昼犯品孝除捣嘱阵处耙躇或敖渍始惕整冷己搬厄速吱改驶矗蜡郑驴垢捍倦郝肌亩骑本镜横曾池漳丰娟酌湖辫历孽劫系由袒砖翔伍澜多积蓉把矮种泻忧搪窘雕滔术斯椎认清晴恃绘枪搁炉娩改比阔毒株姐隅年奈拽谁统槽挑戍毕例槽烦程苹萧纷扬腿狐镀抱神疥亢盛惋击条冉酪那金跋象刀甩剑正拙呀布汝盗击碉喧擒盂完疡紫瓷结霉咒院陋碌险踢蛤途厘免悼捍摸荚恫滤眩涨栽猛愤寻脖尸享百胳摧裸咸霄操垂斜钥框埂耐茅稻讲温娥攻越盏危撕榷岔就杆蜡看惠赌峭第碘凉瓣痕勘闯挤夜本烛捉铡陇魏抵苫鸳钓响献缸哺北婴昔焦墓身紊淆褒蚂蓬还贷枚拍善贯

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