历年英语中考考点归纳

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历年英语中考考点归纳

必考内容之一:被动语态

考查形式:单项,完形,完成句子题型出现,尤其是完成句子。

考察难度:考查的动词都是比较简单、拼写不会超过5个字母的单词,过去分词一般都是直接+ed出现,出题不难,要求掌握被动语态的判断、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写。

要点归纳:

1、 结构:be+过去分词+by+动作执行者)

2、 掌握的几种形式:

一般现在时的被动语态:

一般过去时的被动语态:

现在完成时的被动语态:(理解要求)

一般将来时的被动语态:

含有情态动词的被动语态:

3、 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的不定式,主动语态中不带to,但北纬被动语态时,须加上to

Feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch observe, notice, look at, help

口诀:十二个动词真正怪

Toto 归让人烦

主动语态时不在

被动语态却回来

例:make sb do sth = sb +be+made + to do sth

4、 被动语态常考的固定搭配:

Be made of

Be made from

Be made in

Be used for

Be used to do

注意下列短语和动词有“被动形式”,但没有被动的意思:

be used to doing

Used to do sth

Be made up of

Be dressed

Be well-known for

5、 无被动语态的不及物动词常考的有:happen, take place, begin, start, end, belong to, come true.

6、 含双宾语的被动语态:

to搭配的:give, show, pass, hand, tell, lend, bring ,ect.

for搭配的: buy, pay, sing, wake, get, do, ect.

7、 主动表被动的动词:sell, wash, write, 和五个起来:feel, smell, look, taste, sound

e.g.: The pen writes well.

He looks strong.

8、 用法引导:

A. 强调动作的承受者

B. 不知动作的执行者

C. 没有必要指出动作的执行人

D. 下列句子要注意

It is said that….

It is known that….

It is believed that….

必考内容之二:宾语从句

考查形式:单项、完成句子

考察难度:考察全面,考查必须掌握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素。

要点归纳:

1、 陈述语序

2、 时态:主句为一般现在时,______________________________

时态:主句为一般过去时,______________________________

3、 that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect.

4、 宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时, 从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式。

必考内容之三:状语从句

考查形式:单项、完形、,完成句子,重点考查条件状语从句、目的壮语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句,时间状语从句往往结合过去进行时考查,主长从短:I was sleeping when you came in. 主短从长:When he was watching TV, I ran in. 完形填空出现一般都是选择正确的引导词。

考查难度:考察较多的是引导词方面的,对于时态方面的考查较少。考生复习时除了要掌握状语从句各个连词的意义,同时也需要掌握“主将从现”“主祈从现”“主情从现”的时态要求。

要点归纳

1、 时间状语从句:when & while 的运用

_________________________________________________________

注:while有“然而”的意思,表转折

2、 as soon as___________________________________________________

3、 not…until…._________________________________________________

4、 if & unless___________________________________________________

5、 so…that…___________________________________________________

6、 so that_________________________________________________________

7、 because______________________________________________________

考查内容之四:定语从句

考查形式:单选、完型

考察难度:主要考查引导词的选择——关系代词that, which, who以及关系副词where, when

要点归纳:

1、 that:人或物,人+

2、 which:物

3、 who:人

4、 when & where:地点、时间

记忆诀窍:从句完整则用when/where,不完整则用whichthat,选项同时which & that,则一定不选which/that

必考内容之五:感叹句

考查形式:单词、完成句子

考查难度:考查较简单,基本属于送分题。考生须掌握howwhat引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。

要点归纳:

1、 what + a / an +adj. +单数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语)!

2、 What +adj. +复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!

3、 What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!

常考的几个不可数名词:foodnewsweatherfunmusicworkinformationadvicesuggestion

注意:what引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略。

4、 How + adj. +a / an + 单数名词(+主语+谓语)!

5、 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!

6、 How + 句子!

必考内容之六:反意疑问句

考查形式:单项选择

考查难度:较简单,考生只需掌握该语法点的原则,一般都能做对。

要点归纳:

1、原则:(1)前肯后否,前否后肯 2)前名后代 3)时态一致

常考的否定词:neverfewlittlehardlynoseldomnobodynothingnone

2、常考句型:

含有havehashad

若出现在完成时态中,则用________________提问

否则,找助动词do/dose/did 帮忙

They had to leave early to catch the train, _____ ______?

He has few friends in the new school, _______ ________?

Had better had

We’d better stay at home todays, __________?

There be …? ________ there?

Let’s…, _______? Let us…, ______?

祈使句,___________?

3、反义疑问句的回答:根据实际答题。

4、 注:有前后缀例外

He is unhappy, isn’t he?

They dislike me, don’t they?

5I think/believe +that 从句,反义疑问句应反从不反主:

I think Tom has left, hasn’t he?

I don’t believe you are right, are you?

常考内容之七:动词

考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词

考查难度“动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大

一、 时态要点归纳

考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)

考点二:现在完成时4大用法:结果,延续,经历,移位

时间标志:for + 时间段、since+ 时间点/一般过去时的句子、alreadyyeteverynever、“How long…?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中

要点归纳:

区分: have been to + 地点 __________________________

have gone to + 地点 _________________________

have been in + 地点+ for + 时间段 __________________________

瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:

die – be dead buy—have borrow—keep leave/go—be away(from)

make friends—be friends begin/start—be on

arrive/get to/reach/come—be in/be at/stay

join (the Party)—be a (Party) member /be in (the Party)

核心句型:It is + 时间+since+一般过去时的句子

考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)

考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)

二、 情态动词归纳

情态动词有:must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形

考点一:must can 表示推测的运用

考点二:mustn’t的运用,意思是_______________________________________________

考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答

Must ……? Yes, S + must. No, S +needn’t

Need…….? Yes, S + may No, S + musn’t

三、 非谓语动词归纳:和介词一样非常灵活,在句法中,不作谓语,所有句子成分都可充当。

只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语

To + do ( 否定式———not + to + do)

1、 只能接to +do的动词有:decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish +to do

2、 有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有:

Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth.

3、 to + do 的重点句型有:

(1) It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱

(2) It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样

(3) Would you like to….?

4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有

一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)五看(watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe),半个帮助(help可以带to,也可以省略)

改为被动语态时,to要还原

例如:This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.

5、 省略to的情况有

(1) 情态动词后

(2) Why not/why don’t you

(3) Would rather…than…

Doing (否定式———not doing)

1、 doing作非谓语动词常考的有:enjoymindsuggestmissadmitdenyimaginepractice+doing sth.

2、 doing的情况有:

(1) 介词后+doing 例如:give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth.

(2) Feel lilke + doing (喜欢做某事)/prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢…..

(3) To作介词时的几个常用短语:look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing

3、 既可加to do 也可加doing,并意思相近的动词有:begin, start, like, love, hate

4、 既可加to do 也可加doing,但意思不同的动词有:

Forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做)

Forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)

Remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做)

Remember doing 记得做过某事(事情已经做了)

Regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾

Regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾

Stop to do 停下来去做某事(去另外一件事情)

Stop doing 停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)

归纳记忆:stop…from + doing = prevent… from doing

Try to do 尽力做某事 (区分:manage to do 设法做某事)

Try doing 尝试去做某事

Keep/go on to do 继续去做某事(停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情)

Keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情

Mean to do = plan to do 打算/计划去做某事

Mean doing 意味着做某事

重点区分下列搭配:

See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事(已做了)

See / watch sb. doing sth. 看到、看着某人正在做某事(在做)

Hear / notice sb. do sth. 听到/注意到某人做某事(已做了)

Hear / notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事(在做)

关注:have sth. done/ get sth. done need doing / want doing

四、 动词短语

近年广州中考高频动词短语归纳

动词和动词短语在广州市中考里面主要是考察词义辨析,是历年中考的必考内容。

1.speak _______________ say ______________ talk _______________

tell _______________

2. bring ______________ take ______________ carry_______________

3.borrow _______________ lend ______________ keep ______________

return = give back_________________

4. look after = ______________________ look at __________________

look for ________________ look out _______________

look up __________________ look down upon _______________

look over _________________ look around ______________

look forward to (doing) sth.__________________

5. listen to _________ sound ____________ hear_____________

hear of = hear about ____________ hear from ______________

6.put on __________ wear = be in ____________ dress in _______________

dress sb/oneself ___________ dress up __________ dress in____________

7. spend _____________ pay _________________ cost __________________

take ______________ collect ___________ afford ________________

8. find ___________ find out ____________ look for ______________

9. get to _____________ reach ___________ arrive at/in _______________

注意:homeherethere后面不能加介词

10. take part in = join in _________ join _____________

attend ______________ hold ____________

11. turn on __________ turn off __________ turn up ____________

turn up _________ turn down

12. take有关的短语

take away __________ take part in ___________ take care of ___________

take charge of _________ take one’s place __________ take place___________

take sth. to sb. __________ take sb. to + 地点___________ take off _____________

13. put有关的短语

put on __________ put off __________ put out ____________

put away ___________ put up __________

14.fall有关的短语

fall asleep _________ fall behind _________ 反义词___________

fall in love with sb. ___________________ fall ill __________________

fall into bad habit ___________________

15.get有关的短语

get on ______________ get off _______________ get to __________________

get on ( well) with _____________________

五、 分词作形容词

考查形式:完形填空

考查难度:一般,只要会判断是该考点,就能做对。

要点归纳: exciting & excited interesting & interested surprising & surprised

boring & bored

常考内容之一:

so do I.(我也一样) & so I do (确实如此)

巧记:的确如此,正常语序。

常考内容之二:不定代词

考查形式:选择填空,完形填空,完成句子

考察难度:偏难,熟悉常用代词有帮助。

1、 another/other/the other/others/the others

another “众多中的另外一个”; the other“两个中的另外一个”。对应的搭配为“one…. another/one….the other一个…….另一个

other“其他的”,后面+_______; the other “其余的”,the other有范围,后面+_________。(作定语)

others“其他的人/事物”;the others“其余的人/事物”,有范围。(宾语,主语)

another/other/the other/others/the others填空

I have two friends. One is Tom, the other is Mary.

I can’t keep the book for a month, but I’m not allowed to lend it to others.

I can’t work out the fifth question, but I have done all the others.

Lucy, would you show me another photo.

We should save money to help other poor children.

2a few / few / a little / little

A few / few+ 可数名词;a little / little + 不可数名词。Few little具有否定意义,表示“量少、几乎没有”;a few a little具有肯定意义,表示量“虽少,一些,一点点”。

a few/ few/ a little / little填空

The student had never learnt history before, so ______ student could pass the history exam.

The maths problem was difficult but ____ student could still work it out.

I still have _____ time. I can help you.

There is _____ water loft in the bottle. Can you go and get some for me?

3. something anything everything nothing + 形容词后置

4.反身代词的搭配

By oneself 靠某人自己 help yourself…. 请随便吃点….. lose oneself 迷路

Enjoy oneself 玩得开心 teacher oneself自学 = learn sth. by oneself

常考内容之三:数词

考查形式:单项、单词拼写

考查难度:一般

(1)常考不规则序数词:first, second, third, fourth, fifith, eighth, nith, twelfth, twentieth.(遇到整十的把y改为ie+th

2hundredthoudandmillionbillionof连用,不加s,表示概数。前面有具体数字时,不加s

3)“数词+名词(+形容词)”的结构,中间的名词不加s。例如:10-minute walk=___________

(4)分数的表达____________________________________________________

(5)年代的表达____________________________________________________

(6)“在……多少岁”的表达________________________________________

(7)a + 序数词”表示_____________________________________________

(8) a number of

(9)the number of

常考内容之四:连词

考查形式:单项、完形

考查难度:一般

要点归纳:

(1) and_________ or _________ so__________ but __________ however _________ while _________

(2) both…and…______________________ either of ___________________ neither of _____________________ neither…nor…___________________ not only…but also…_________________

(3) so+ __________ that…. & such+_______________ 意思是_________________

manymuchfewlittle连用时,只能用___________

(4) thought & although

形容词考点归纳

1、 adj.后置

形容词在修饰someone, somebody, smoething, anyone, anybody, anything, nothing, nobody等不定代词时,要置于其后。如:something important(一些重要的事)

2、 adj作表语

1)只能作表语的形容词大多数以原音字母开头。如:afraid(害怕的),alike(相同的),alive(活着的),alone(单独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),ill(有病的)

He is an ill man. (错) The man is ill.(对)

2)连系动词+adj.作表语

连系动词有:be动词;“变化”系动词:get, go, become, turn, fall; 感官动词:feel, look, smell. Taste, sound; “保持”系动词stay, keep, remain

3)貌似副词的adj.——friendly(有好的);lonely(寂寞的);lovely(可爱的);likely(可能的)

4adj.排列顺序——冠→代→数→形→大,新→色→国→材→名

(注:冠——冠词,代——代词,数——数词,形——形状,大——大小,新——新旧,

——颜色,国——国家、地区,材——材料、用途,名——被修饰的名词)

一、 两者相等时,用原级比较:

1、 A+be(am/is/are)+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B. AB一样)

否定式:A+be(am/is/are)+not+as(so)+adj./adv.原级+as+B.

2、 A+be+倍数词+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B. AB的多少倍)

This river is twice as long as that one.

3A+be+倍数词+比较级+than+B. AB/多少倍)

This river is once longer than that one.

二、 两者不相等时,用比较级

1. A +be+比较级+than +B

2. 表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is + 比较级,A or B?”

Which city is more beautiful, Guangzhou or Shenzhen?

3.the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越….….

4.“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越….

多音节的形容词的这种结构为“more and more+形容词原级”

5.the+比较级+of the two”表示“两个中更….的一个”

6.…times+比较级+than”表示“俾大(多)几倍”

7.比较级+than any other+单数名词,意思是“比其他任何一个….都更…..”(这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。)

She is taller than any other girl in the team.

可以修饰adl. 比较级的副词有:much, a little, a lot, a bit, a little bit, even, still, far等。

三、 三者或以上比较,表示“最”,用最高级

1.A + be + the + 最高级+ in/of范围

2.表示三者之间的选择,可使用“which is +比较级,AB or C?”

3.在“of all the+名词”中出现,表示“在所有的…..之中,最……

4.one of the + 最高级+名词复数”表示“最….…..之一”

5.the + 序数词+最高级,表示“第几….的”

1.It is + adj. + to do sth. 表示“做某事是怎样的”

2.sb. find/think/believe+ it + adj. to do sth. 此句型中,adj.做宾补

例如:We find it important to learn English well.

3. too…to not ….enough to; so …… that

Too+形容词/副词+ to +动词(太….而不能)= not + 形容词/副词的反义词+ enough to

= so + 形容词/副词+ that 否定句

例:He is too young to go to school.

=He is not old enough to go to school.

=He is so young that he can’t go to school.

副词考点归纳

1. 副词的作用——常考修饰动词。在语法选择、完形填空出现。只要能判断前面是动词,那么就应该用副词,叫容易选对答案。

2. adj.adv.的变化规则“

1)直接在词尾+ly careful——carefully

2)辅音字母+y结尾的,把yi 再加ly easy——easily

注意:

Good的副词是well,当表示身体好时,well是形容词,而不用good

Fast的副词还是fasthard的副词还是hardhardly是表示“几乎不”的意思,属于否定词,常在反义疑问句考查。

High的副词是highhighly是“高度地”的意思 如:speak highly of sb.

区分:too many+ 可数名词复数 “太多…..

Too much+不可数名词 “太多…..

Much too+形容词 “太…..

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