Unit 1
1. Don’t waste energy drying your dishes in the dishwasher. Dry them by hand instead of using energy by drying them in the dishwasher.
2. Cut back on your use of hot water. Take a five-minute shower, or use only four inches 10 centimeters) of water in your bath.
3. Keep track of your electric bills. Make a chart of how much energy you use, and watch the number go down every month.
4. Recycle all of your cans, bottles, and paper. Recycled materials consume much less energy than new materials.
5. Unplug computers, printers, TVs, and cell phone chargers when you aren’t using them. They use electricity even when they are turned off-up to eight percent of your electric bill!
Unit 2
Bagpipes are a very old musical instrument. They have a bag that holds air, and one or more small pipes that make the notes of the music. The player blows air into the bag, and then the air comes out slowly through the pipes to make the sound. There are holes in the pipes that the player covers with his or her fingers to play different notes.
Bagpipes have a long history. Musicians in ancient Rome played a similar instrument with an airbag and pipes. Today m the most famous bagpipes are in Scotland and Ireland, but there are many different instruments like this in different regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
Unit 3
1. Brazil has more fresh water available for its people than any other country.
2. Farmers require 911 gallons (3,449 liters) of water to produce 2.2 pounds (one kilogram)of rice.
3. Clean water is very important for staying healthy, About one million people die each year from drinking dirty water.
4. Melting snow and ice is a fast and easy way to provide drinking water for people in cold places.
5. China has built more than 22,000 dams to manage water for different uses such as electricity.
6. Scientists say that 13 gallons （49 liters）of water per day is enough for one person.
7. You can collect water in a desert with just a sheet of plastic and an empty can.
8. Water is a renewable resource, so we can use the same water again and again.
9. The Nile River in Africa (the longest river in the world) flows through four different countries.
10. People in Australia use the smallest amount of water of any country in the world.
Unit 4
For the past four weeks we have studied attachment theory, beginning with Harry Harlow’s experiments with monkeys. In those experiments, researchers took baby monkeys from their mothers. The monkeys had many emotional problems without their mother’s love. We also studied john Bowlby. His work showed us that human babies need a sense of security, too. Without this security from an adult, they have problems in future relationships. Finally, we looked at Phillip Shaver’s recent ideas about attachment theory and romantic love.
Your assignment is to plan a class presentation of 10 to 15 minutes. First, select tow of the researchers we studied. You will briefly summarize their research and then explain which scientist’s work you think will have the greatest impact on people today. Be sure to support your opinion with reasons.
Unit 5
There are fewer than 800 mountain gorillas in the world. They live in four national parks. In Africa. Mountain gorillas live in family groups with as many as 40 gorillas, Adult male gorillas can weigh over 400 pounds (180 kilograms). Female gorillas become mothers at around 10 years old, and have one baby every here or four years. Mountain gorillas are mainly vegetarian. They eat so many plants that they rarely need to drink water. Mountain gorillas are shy. Most of the time, they avoid human beings. They gorilla’s only predators are humans and leopards. Losing the land where they live s a much larger problem for them.
Unit 6
Bernard Weber wanted to use modern technology to bring the people of the world closer together. He knew that the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were chosen by one person. Si of the wonders don’t exist anymore. So he created a way to let the world determine the New Seven Wonders: an open election using the Internet and text messaging. Anyone could nominate a special site, and anyone could vote. Naturally, many people voted for sites in their own countries. In some places, people were encouraged by their government to vote. Sites in 220 countries were nominated, so there were plenty of wonders to vote for. Millions of votes were registered, and on July 7th, 2007, the seven winners were announced in Lisbon, Portugal. Fourteen finalists were also announced-perhaps because it was difficult to limit the Wonders of the World to only seven.
Unit 7
Anthropologists, scientists who study human beings, have long said that modern humans first lived in Africa, and then moved east toward Asia, north across the Mediterranean, and later throughout the world.
Now a very large genetic study supports that theory. They study looked at nearly 1,000 people in 51 places around the world. It found the most genetic diversity in Africa, and less genetic diversity farther away from Africa. How did this happen? When small groups of people moved away, they took only a small amount of all the possible genetic information with them. People in the small groups reproduce. Their offspring inherited their parents’ more limited set of genes. Their traits were very similar to those of their parents. This process continue as small groups of people continued as small groups of people continued to move farther from Africa.
Unit 8
A business plan is your map to success. In it, you write down what you hope to achieve n your new business and how you will do it. Your business plan should answer the following questions:1. How big is the market for your service or product? 2. Who will your customers be?
3. How will you advertise your business and products to reach these people?4. What is your budget for your new business?5. How much is the potential income from your business? How much money do you expect to earn in the first three years?6. Do you have enough money to start your business, or will you have to borrow money? Who might lend you this money?7. What do you what to achieve in your first year?8. What problems do you predict in the first year? What action can you take to solve or prevent these problems?
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