Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than they 1.used to. Yet, all living things still show the 2.effect of aging, which will eventually 3.result in death.
Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the organs they form do not function as well as they did in childhood. The body provides less 4.protection against diseases and is more inclined 5.to accident.
A number of related causes may contribute to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not 6.replaced when they die. In an aging person the new cells may not be as capable 7.of growth as those of a young person.
Another 8.effect in aging may be changes within the cells themselves. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less flexible. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles. This is also the reason old people 9.shrink in height. There may be other more important chemicals changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and 10.pass on information that the cells need. Aging may affect this process and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.
1. A：had B：use to C：were used to D：used to
2. A：fact B：effect C：function D：symbol
3. A：affect B：produce C：result in D：result from
4. A：protection B：demand C：decline D：delay
5. A：to B：for C：against D：from
6. A：replaced B：born C：recovered D：discovered
7. A：with B：for C：of D：to
8. A：factor B：effect C：reason D：element
9. A：short B：shrink C：lengthen D：increase
10. A：pass to B：pass from C：pass on D：pass on to
DBCAA ACBBC
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had 21.fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess appeared. She looked very pale, but she was quite 22.calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper she 23.informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked 24.if any of the passengers knew anything about machines -- or at least how to drive a car. After a moment's hesitation, a man got up and followed the stewardess into the pilot's cabin.
25.Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were 26.being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyone's relief, it soon began to 27.climb. The man 28.had to circle the airport several times in order to become 29.familiar with the controls.
Following instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but after a long 30.run it stopped safely. Outside, a crowd of people who had been waiting anxiously rushed forward to congratulate the pilot on a perfect landing.
21、 A、installed B、fastened C、connected D、loosened
22、 A、calm B、pleasant C、sad D、nervous
23、 A、reported B、revealed C、announced D、informed
24、 A、if B、whoever C、what D、how
25、 A、Persuading B、Lying C、Moving D、Bringing
26、 A、sent B、being sent C、sending D、to be sent
27、 A、take off B、land C、climb D、decline
28、 A、intended to B、had to C、needed D、used to
29、 A、aware of B、sensitive to C、known to D、familiar with
30、 A、flight B、time C、run D、road
BADAC BCBDC
Each morning, millions of us turn on our radios and televisions for the weather forecast. Do the cloudy skies mean rain? Will rising temperatures bring a spell (1) to melt snow and ice? Once we hear the forecast, we decide what clothes to wear and whether (2) to carry an umbrella or not.
From time to time (3), though, weather forecasts are obviously (4) incorrect. Yes, though the accuracy of forecasts has improved dramatically (5) in recent years, predicting the weather is a fascinating mixture of art and science that is far from foolproof (6). What is involved in predicting the weather, and how reliable are weather forecasts?
Today weather have some advanced tools at their disposal (7), the most basic of which measure air pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind.
Predicting the weather, however, is not all hard science. The computers can only give some descriptions of the behavior of the atmosphere. Furthermore, even an accurate forecast for a large area may not take into cansideration (8) the effect of local area on the weather. So some degree (9) of art is also necessary. Here is where a weather forecast comes in. He uses his experience and judgment to determine what value to place (10) on the data he receives. This allows him to make a more accurate forecast.
1. A. climate B. spell C. term D. vacation
（spell做一段时间讲）
2. A. whether B. what C. if D. how
（whether …or not连用，if 不能跟or not）
3. A. In no time B. For the first time C. From time to time D. At all times
(From time to time有时；In not time立即；For the first time首次；At all times总是)
4. A. objectively B. obviously C. occasionally D. ordinarily
(obviously明显地；objectively客观地；occasionally偶尔地；ordinarily普通地)
5. A. plentifully B. boldly C. repeatedly D. dramatically
(dramatically极大地；plentifully大量地；boldly大胆地；repeatedly反复地)
6. A. waterproof B. foolproof C. bulletproof D. fireproof
(foolproof不出毛病的；waterproof防水的；bulletproof防弹的；fireproof防火的)
7. A. out of hand B. beyond their control C. at their disposal D. in the air
(at their disposal供某人使用；out of hand失去控制；beyond their control超出控制范围；in the air为落实)
8. A. the place of B. control of C. into consideration D. care of
(take into consideration考虑；take the place of代替；take control of控制；take care of照顾)
9. A. extent B. case C. bit D. degree
(degree表程度，extent表广泛的程度和范围)
10 .A. evaluate B. offer C. add D. place
(place value on判断…的价值，evaluate本身就有评价的意思)
答案 BACBD BCCDD
每天早晨，我们几百万人打开收音机和电视机了解气象预报。阴云的天气是要下雨吗？气温升高是否会带来一段时间的冰雪融化？我们一旦听了预报，就决定穿什么衣服，是否带雨伞。
然而，时不时地，气象预报也会明显不准。的确，尽管近几年气象预报的准确性已经有了极大的提高，预测气象仍然是艺术和科学的一种奇妙结合，因此很难保证不出任何毛病。预测气象包含着什么，气象预报有多可靠？
现在天气预报人员有一些先进的工具供他们使用，最基本的工具就是用来测量气压，气温，湿度和大风的。
然而，预测气象不都是硬科学。计算机只是描述大气活动。此外，即使是对一个大的地区的精确的预报也可能考虑不到局部地区的天气情况。所以某种程度的艺术也是必要的。这里是一个气象预报人员进入的地方。他利用自己的经验和判断力来决定他所得到的数据的价值。这样允许他做出一个更准确的气象预报。
Life involves making decisions and changes. Decisions and changes involve making moves, getting (21) from one position or spot in life to another. An effective move involves planning a route and (22) keeping to it. Whenever you travel, you have the choice of several routes. Some routes of living are (23) positive and helpful. Others are negative, creating depressions and despair. Knowing (24) how to re-route yourself from negative outlooks, thoughts, or ideas is (25) crucial for getting where you want to go in life. It is easy to think negatively about others or about (26) yourselves. If you allow these thoughts to continue unchecked, they develop into ruts (Note: old habits) of (27) despair. What should you do then? Well, you can say to yourself “stop!” and refuse to (28) accept or believe those negative things you are saying to yourself. By refusing to let a repeating negative thought that lead you to frustration, anger or depression, you avoid (29) being caught in a rut. Instead of continuing to be worn down by a rutted track of negative and destructive thinking, you can consciously and (30) purposely switch yourself or side-track yourself onto a path of more positive thinking.
21. A. on B. in C. from D. at
22. A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept
23. A. popular B. possible C. powerful D. positive
24. A. what B. how C. whether D. that
25. A. crucial B. necessary C. possible D. classical
26. A. himself B. themselves C. yourselves D. myself
27. A. despair B. desire C. decision D. desperate
28. A. receive B. acquire C. admit D. accept
29. A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caught D. catching
30. A. purposely B. purpose C. purposing D. purposed
CCDBA CADCA
生活包含着做决定和做改变（的事情）。决定和改变包含行动，从人生的一站或一点到另一站或另一点。一种有效的行动包含计划一条线路，坚持（走下去）。无论你什么时候走，你都有几条线路的选择。生活的一些线路是积极的，有帮助的。另外一些则是消极的，生出沮丧和绝望。知道从消极的前景，思维和理念中怎么重新为自己设计线路对你想让自己的人生走向哪里至关重要。负面地去考虑他人和自己是件很容易的事。如果你任由这样的想法继续下去，那么它们会变成绝望的想法。那么你该怎么办呢？你可以对自己说不。拒绝接受或相信这些负面的你对自己说的东西。通过抵制负面的使你受挫，发怒或沮丧的想法，你使自己不陷落在消极的生活中。不让自己继续被负面的毁灭性的想法磨灭，你可以有意识地有目的地转变自己，或者岔到一条更加积极的思路上来。
The United States is well-known for its network (21) of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the (22) shortest possible time. However, large highways often pass (23) by scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally connect large urban centers, (24) which means that they become crowded with heavy traffic during rush hours, (25) when the “fast direct” way becomes a very slow route.
However, there is always another route to take (26) if you are not in a hurry. Not far from the relatively new “superhighways”, there are often older, less heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. (27) Some of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high (28) cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns (29) lying in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean (30) view of the world.
21. A. of B. on C. about D. in
(固定搭配：is well-known for its network of major highways designed。)
22. A. short B. shorter C. shortening D. shortest
(因为前面有定冠词the，所以此处用形容词最高级shortest最合适。)
23. A. to B. into C. over D. by
(固定搭配：pass by经过。)
24. A. which B. that C. as D. what
(which引导非限制性定语从句。)
25. A. when B. for C. but D. that
(根据上下文，时间状语从句。)
26. A. unless B. if C. as D. since
(根据上下文，条件状语从句。)
27. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
(固定搭配：some … others …。)
28. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
(rocks岩石；cliff悬崖；road道路；path小径。)
29. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
(固定搭配：lie in位于，坐落于。)
30. A. view B. variety C. visit D. virtue
(view景象；variety多样化；visit参观；virtue美德。)
ADDAA BDBAA
美国的主要高速公路网络很有名，其设计可以帮助驾驶员在最短的时间里从一个地方到达另一个地方。然而，大的高速公路常常忽略景区或是有趣的小城镇。更多的是，这些高速公路一般与大城市中心相连，这就意味着在高峰时段它们相当拥堵，这个时候，“短而快”的线路成了一条很慢的路线。
然而，如果你不急，总是有另外的线路可以走的。在新的“超级高速公路”的不远处，常常会有一些交通不拥挤的穿过乡间的老路。一些路是路况不错的双车道，其它一些路面不平，蜿蜒经过乡间。这些二级公路可以沿着悬崖爬上很高的斜坡，也可以走下吓人的闪腰直到位于深谷中的小镇。经过这些不那么直的需要用更长更慢的时间经过的路线，它们常常会到那些空气清新，风景美丽的地方。驾驶员就可以有机会看见清新干净的世界。
It is believed that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. The (21) ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of (22) learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (23) with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (24) responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the students to take it actively and complete it with minimum guidance. It is the (25) student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works. Professors will help students who need it but (26) prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties (27) besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. (28) Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (29) limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either (30) approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
21. A. poor B. ideal C. average D. disappointed
22. A. fun B. work C. learning D. prize
23. A. by B. in C. for D. with
24. A. criticized B. innocent C. responsible D. dismissed
25. A. student’s B. professor’s C. assistant’s D. librarian’s
26. A. hate B. dislike C. like D. prefer
27. A. but B. except C. with D. besides
28. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless
29. A. plentiful B. limited C. irregular D. flexible
30. A. get B. annoy C. approach D. attach approach
BCDCA DDBBC
人们相信学习的责任在于学生。理想的学生是一个有动力为了学习而学习的人。有时候家庭作业发下时有简短的评语，不是成绩。即使不给成绩，学生还是有责任学习布置的材料。当布置了研究作业时，教授希望学生能积极做，并在指导不多的情况下完成。在图书馆找书籍，杂志和文章也是学生的职责。教授没有时间解释大学图书馆是如何运作的。教授会帮助需要使用图书馆（来学习的）学生，但是更喜欢学生不会太依赖他们。在美国，教授们除了教学以外还有许多其它工作要做，比如行政性的或者研究性的工作。他们花在每个学生身上的时间是有限的。如果学生有问题，他应该在教授的工作时间内或者预约去询问。
A friend of mine, teaching abroad, was immensely amused by the question, "Are English peasants allowed to go to the theatre?" Anybody who can pay for a 1.ticket may go to the theatre in England, though only two percent choose to do so. This is not because theatres are expensive, 2.but because most people prefer to watch television, football matches or to gamble.
The word "peasant" is not used in England, except as an insult or as a joke. We have no peasant class, only 3.agricultural laborers. We do not have a system, as in other parts of Europe, 4.where people inherit a small piece of 5.land and work it for substance. We have farms, which can employ laborers for wages. Such people are 6.regarded as "agricultural workers". They are not highly paid out but they can manage to live fairly well.
Farming is becoming more 7.scientific. These days young men starting work on the farm are expected to spend some more time at agriculture college to learn how to do the job 8.properly. English agriculture is very 9.efficient and we are now self-sufficing in grain: 10.In fact, we have a surplus, which is stored by the Common Market and which we have to pay to store, through our taxes.
1. A：pound B：dollar C：time D：ticket
2. A：and B：which C：but D：not
3. A：agricultural B：industrial C：business D：social
4. A：however B：where C：there D：which
5. A：earth B：land C：farm D：soil
6. A：respected B：organized C：gathered D：regarded
7. A：advance B：popular C：scientific D：accessible
8. A：good B：accordingly C：properly D：correct
9. A：efficient B：self-contained C：independent D：producing
10. A：Virtually B：In fact C：On the contrary D：By the way
DCABB DCCAB
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike (21) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells that float through the air, missing(22) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if (23) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of detecting human smells when these are diluted (24) to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular (25) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first (26) can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient (27) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also (28) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house but we notice (29) new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as (30) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
21. A. above B. unlike C. excluding D. beside
（above在…上面；unlike不像；excluding不包括；beside在…旁边）
22. A. catching B. ignoring C. missing D. tracking
（catch抓住；ignore忽视；miss错过；track追踪）
23. A. even if B. if only C. only if D. as if
（even if即使；if only要是…就好了；only if只有…；as if好像）
24. A. diluted B. dissolved C. determining D. diffused
（diluted被稀释；dissolved被溶解；determining决定；diffused被扩散）
25. A. unusual B. particular C. unique D. typical
（usual不同寻常的；particular特定的；unique独一无二的；typical典型的）
26. A. at first B. at all C. at large D. at times
（at first起初；at all完全；at large一般说来，全部；at times有时）
27. A. ineffective B. incompetent C. inefficient D. insufficient
（ineffective无效果的；incompetent无能力的；）
28. A. still B. also C. otherwise D. nevertheless
（still仍然；also也；otherwise不然；nevertheless然而）
29. A. tolerate B. repel C. neglect D. notice
（tolerate忍受；repel击退；neglect忽略；notice注意到）
30. A. similar B. such as C. along with D. aside from
（similar与…相似；such as比如；along with除...以外(还)；aside from除...以外）
BCAAB ACBDB
人的鼻子是一种被低估的工具。人们常常认为，和动物比起来人的鼻子不灵敏，可是这很大的原因是人是直立着的，不像动物那样。这意味着我们的鼻子有局限性，只能察觉空气中漂浮的气味，错过了大多数气味，这些气味是附着在地表的。其实我们对气味及其敏感，即使我们没有意识到。我们的鼻子可以察觉人的气味，即使它们被稀释到百万分之一。
奇怪的是，一些人发现他们可以闻到一种花的香味但闻不到另一种花的香味，而其他人对两种花的香味都敏感。这可能是因为一些人缺少必要的生成嗅觉感受器的基因。这些感受器是感觉到气味并将信息传输给大脑的细胞。可是人们发现，人即使刚开始对这种气味不敏感，但经常闻到后也会对此敏感。
对气味的不敏感似乎是因为人的大脑不能有效地保持所有的嗅觉器官同时工作。这也许能解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感，不过我们不需要对自己的气味敏感。我们不会意识到自己房子的寻常气味，但我们到别人家里做客时会注意到新的气味。大脑最能留有感受器对付不熟悉的信号或紧急信号，比如烟味，暗示着着火的危险。
In November of 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. His hunt was going poorly (21) that day, and he couldn’t seem to find anything worth of firing (22) his rifle. Then, his staff captured a black baby bear for the president to shoot, but he could not. The thought of shooting a bear that was tied to a tree did not seem sporting, so he spared (23) the life of the baby bear and set it free.
Based on this story, a famous political cartoonist for the Washington Star drew a cartoon, which showed Teddy Roosevelt, rifle in hand (24), with his back turned on a cute baby bear. Morris Michtom, owner of a Brooklyn toy store, was inspired (25) by the cartoon to make a stuffed baby bear. Intending it only as a display, he placed the stuffed bear in his toy store window (26), and next to it placed a copy of the cartoon from the newspaper. To Michtom’s surprise, his store was flooded by customers eager (27) to buy. He asked for and received President Roosevelt’s permission (28) to use his name for the hand-sewn bears that he and his wife made, and the “Teddy Bear” was born! Michtom was soon manufacturing Teddy Bear by (29) thousands. The money from the sale enabled him, in 1903, to form (30) the Ideal Toy Company.
21. A. hastily B. poorly C. punctually D. steadily
22. A. supporting B. opening C. shouldering D. firing
23. A. spared B. protected C. saved D. checked
24. A. in his hand B. in the hand C. in hands D. in hand
25. A. encouraged B. inspired C. urged D. pictured
26. A. window B. door C. table D. counter
27. A. eager B. interested C. reluctant D. straight
28. A. order B. permission C. argument D. file
29. A. at B. of C. by D. for
30. A. sell B. change C. form D. invest
BDADB AABCC
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