选修六 Unit 1 阅读理解组块专练——练速度
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Ever want to peek at a celebrity’s gift list? For the curious and those in need of a few holiday ideas, we tracked down some people.Their answers might surprise you.
Martin Dahinden
SWISS AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES
TO GIVE: I like things to be practical and well thoughtout.I would say that is typically Swiss.I would gift someone a Swiss Army Knife, a useful gift in many ways.Victorinox Swiss Army Spartan Ⅱ Pocket Knife, $17.13.Victorinox Swiss Army EvoWood 17 Swiss Army Knife, $54.97.amazon.com.
Sylvia Colella
FOUNDER OF FASHION AND LIFESTYLE BLOG SIMPLY SYLVIA
TO GIVE: One thing that keeps me motivated is greatlooking workout or athletic wear, so I enjoy gifting pieces from my favorite brands, like Michi, Alo Yoga and Spiritual Gangster.Koral Lustrous Legging, $95.Michi Bionic Bra, $95.
Melissa Ho
RENWICK GALLERY CURATOR OF 20THCENTURY ART
TO GIVE: I would give this book to any Washingtonian who was foolish enough to miss the extraordinary Robert Irwin exhibition at the Hirshhorn this summer.The magic of Irwin’s phenomenological art is difficult to convey in either photographs or words, yet Hankins’s prose makes the story of his breakthrough years both accessible and enjoyable.“Robert Irwin: All the Rules Will Change” by Evelyn C．Hankins, $35.90.amazon.com.
Kwame Alexander
POET AND NEWBERYWINNING AUTHOR OF“THE CROSSOVER”
TO GIVE: A children’s book gift basket with some of my favorites: “Zoe in Wonderland” by Brenda Woods, anything by Mo Willems, Debbie Levy and Vanessa BrantleyNewton’s “We Shall Overcome，” and this really cool novel called “The Crossover.” “I Dissent，” $14.10.“We Shall Overcome，” $15.65.“Zoe in Wonderland，” $14.21.“The Crossover，” $10.36.amazon.com.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了假日礼物该选什么？看看这些人的回答。
1．Who may be a huge fitness enthusiast?
A．Melissa Ho. B．Sylvia Colella.
C．Martin Dahinden. D．Kwame Alexander.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据“Sylvia Colella”部分中的“One thing that keeps me motivated is greatlooking workout or athletic wear”可知，唯一能让他保持动力的就是很好看的运动式运动服，体现出了他对运动的喜爱，故选B项。
2．How much should you pay at least if you buy a Swiss Army Knife and Hankins’s book?
A．$35.90. B．$53.03.
C．$54.97. D．$90.87.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据“Martin Dahinden”部分中的“Victorinox Swiss Army Spartan Ⅱ Pocket Knife, $17.13.”以及“Melissa Ho”部分中的“‘Robert Irwin: All the Rules Will Change’ by Evelyn C．Hankins, $35.90.”可知，最终结果为$53.03，故选B项。
3．Which of the following is the most suitable for kids?
A．“We Shall Overcome”．
B．Koral Lustrous Legging.
C．“Robert Irwin: All the Rules Will Change”．
D．Victorinox Swiss Army EvoWood 17 Swiss Army Knife.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据“Kwame Alexander”部分中的“A children’s book gift basket with some of my favorites ...’We Shall Overcome，’”可知，孩子们最喜欢的一本儿童读物就是“We Shall Overcome”，故选A项。
B
Station Keeper Richard Etheridge peered from the lookout tower of the Pea Island Station.He remembered that night back in October 1896, when the worst storm in almost fifty years was battering the North Carolina coast.Moments earlier, one of Etheridge’s men, Theodore Meekins, had spotted a red flare in the distance.Etheridge quickly knew that could mean only one thing: shipwreck (船舶失事)．
Rescuing ships in distress was nothing new for Etheridge, the LifeSaving Service’s first African American station chief.White men refused to work under Etheridge.So Etheridge and the LifeSaving Service recruited a crew of African American rescuers to work with him.
Etheridge’s men trained for ten hours a day, seven days a week.They performed lifesaving drills and tugged their 1,500pound surfboat and equipment for miles through the sand.The wreck on the night of October 1896 put all of the crew’s practice to the test.
As soon as Etheridge and Meekins spotted the red flare, they woke up the other five men on duty.The crew quickly pushed and pulled their surfboat and equipment cart down the beach for two miles.
“The storm was raging fearfully，” Etheridge later wrote in his journal.But the crew kept trudging through the icy water.Finally, they spotted the wreck.The schooner (纵帆船) E．S.Newman had blown aground 30 yards offshore.All nine of the passengers and crew were trapped onboard.
His men struggled through the currents in total darkness.Again and again, the men took turns swimming in pairs through the sea to the wreck.After six difficult hours, the Newman was destroyed, but all nine passengers were safely onshore.
The captain of the Newman was so grateful that he gave Etheridge and his crew the ship’s name board.The Pea Island Station was closed in 1947, and everyone seemed to forget the extraordinary rescue.
Finally, in 1996 Etheridge and his men were awarded the Coast Guard’s highest honor, the Gold Lifesaving Medal.One hundred years after the Newman rescue, the men of the Pea Island Station were recognized for what they were — heroes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在1896年发生在豌豆岛上的一次英勇的生命大营救的故事。
4．The author describes the crew’s training experiences mainly to ________.
A．prove how well the crew followed orders
B．explain how much the crew respected their chief
C．show the crew was prepared to act in an emergency
D．illustrate why some white men refused to work there
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者描写Etheridge手下的救援者刻苦训练的情形是为了说明他们已为紧急救援做了充分的准备。
5．What is the main reason the Newman rescue was considered extraordinary?
A．It was recorded in detail by Richard Etheridge.
B．It was conducted in the night when the fog was very thick.
C．The crew had to drag their equipment two miles along the beach.
D．The crew saved all of the passengers in spite of extreme conditions.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，尽管救援环境严峻，但是所有船客全部获救，所以对Newman的救援很非凡。
6．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．The Pea Island Station was closed due to the rescue.
B．Etheridge applied for the Gold Lifesaving Medal in person.
C．The captain of the Newman awarded the crew the highest honor.
D．Etheridge’s men received recognition a hundred years after the rescue.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，参与救援Newman的救援者的英勇事迹在一百年以后才被真正认可。
7．What’s the main purpose of the text?
A．To warn sailors of the dangers of hurricanes.
B．To narrate a story describing a rescue at sea.
C．To inform people about Richard Etheridge.
D．To record the details about the Newman.
解析：选B 写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者写该文章旨在讲述在1896年发生在豌豆岛上的一次英勇的生命大营救的故事。
C
The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals.To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 3,000 fish, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.
The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and thrived even during glacial periods, allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating (放射性碳定年法) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old, and some trees over 1,000 years old, indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.
The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11,200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants (土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.
The Amazon rainforests have been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation (滥伐森林), rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth’s land surface, and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century, with 587,000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation, and at the present rate, scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了亚马孙热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的危险。
8．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove the forest untouched.
B．To classify species scientifically.
C．To show the diversity of species.
D．To attract more attention to the Amazon region.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚马孙热带雨林的物种多样性，故选C项。
9．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?
A．European explorers brought diseases there.
B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly.
C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned.
D．They got killed by Spanish explorers.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century ...indigenous inhabitants (土著居民)．”可知，可能多达90%的亚马孙土著居民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选A项。
10．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?
A．It has the largest number of species.
B．It covers over 5% of South America.
C．It is becoming larger in area.
D．It is being endangered now.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“at the present rate ...in two decades”并结合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马孙热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来20年可能会减少40%，故选D项。
11．What may be included in the following paragraph?
A．Examples of destroying forests.
B．Measures to protect rainforests.
C．New settlements in the Amazon region.
D．Ways to stop global warming.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的关键词“deforestation”可推知，亚马孙热带雨林砍伐严重，那么文章接下来自然就应该是论述这一问题的解决措施，故选B项。
D
An urban heat island, or UHI, is a metropolitan area that’s significantly warmer than the rural areas surrounding it.Heat is created by energy from all the people, cars, buses, and trains in big cities like New York, Paris, and London.
When houses, shops, and industrial buildings are constructed close together, it can create a UHI.Building materials are usually very good at insulating (使隔离), or holding in heat.This insulation makes the areas around buildings warmer.
“Waste heat” also contributes to a UHI.People and their tools, such as cars and factories, are always burning off energy, whether they’re jogging, driving, or just living their daytoday lives.The energy people burn off usually escapes in the form of heat.And if there are a lot of people in one area, that’s a lot of heat.
Urban areas are densely populated.Urban areas are also densely constructed, meaning buildings are constructed very close together.When there is no more room for an urban area to expand, engineers build upward, creating skyscrapers.All this construction means waste heat — and heat that escapes insulation has nowhere to go.It lingers (逗留) in and between buildings in the UHI.
UHIs often have lower air quality because more waste products from vehicles, industry, and people are pumped into the air.These pollutants are blocked from scattering by the urban landscape: buildings, roads, sidewalks, and parking lots.
Scientists are studying how UHIs might contribute to global warming.When it’s really hot, many of us run straight to the fan or the air conditioning.This is especially true in urban areas that suffer from UHI effects.UHIs contribute to energy demands in the summer, consuming more energy resources.UHIs are often subject to “rolling blackouts，” or power failures.Electric power companies start rolling blackouts when they do not have enough energy to meet their customers’ demands.The energy used in electric fans and air conditioning ends up contributing to an even hotter UHI.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市热岛现象及其带来的危害。
12．Which of the following may cause waste heat?
A．Global warming. B．Doing sports.
C．Hot sunshine. D．Heavy clouds.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“whether they’re jogging, driving, or just living their daytoday lives”可知，进行体育锻炼也可能会导致废热出现，故选B项。
13．How is a UHI different from its neighboring areas?
A．It has more plants.
B．It is more polluted.
C．It has much fresher air.
D．It is usually much cooler.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“UHIs often have lower air quality because more waste products from vehicles, industry, and people are pumped into the air.”可知，城市热岛比周围地区污染更严重。
14．Which shows the relationships among the events?
①rolling blackouts
②a very hot summer
③the increasing energy demands
④more use of fans or air conditioning
A．④→③→①→② B．④→①→③→②
C．②→①→④→③ D．②→④→③→①
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，D项正确描述了这四种现象之间的关系。
15．Which best describes UHIs’ influence on humans?
A．Negative. B．Temporary.
C．Unclear. D．Unimportant.
解析：选A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市热岛现象，以及它会给人们带来不利影响，故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Chicken is a popular food in many countries.__1__ Britain alone processes more than 945 million whitefeathered chickens every year, creating tons of leftover feathers.
Two students from Imperial College London, Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson, want to turn these feathers into something useful.They are studying how to use them in other ways, like keeping homes warm.
Why are feathers useful? Bird feathers have long been used in clothing and in bedding.Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate.__2__ They are designed by nature to protect birds from really harsh environments.They are super lightweight, waterproof and biodegradable (可生物降解的)．So they’re a really great material.Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather, not just parts of it.__3__
Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson are each working toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree, or PhD.They are the founders of a startup company called Aeropowder.__4__ They developed a biodegradable product that could replace manmade insulation (隔热材料)．Biodegradable materials are capable of being slowly broken down through natural processes.
__5__ The $23,000 they won in the competition helped them start their company, Aeropowder.
A．If successful, they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material.
B．Feather is very light, so that we say “as light as a feather”．
C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising.
D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulation.
E．Humans keep chickens as a source of food, consuming both their meat and eggs.
F．According to Elena Dieckman, feathers are a real wonder material.
G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了两个学生把鸡毛变废为宝的故事。
1．选C 承接上文的“Chicken is a popular food in many countries.”并与下文的“Britain alone processes more than 945 million whitefeathered chickens every year”呼应可推知，设空处讲的是有关作为食用用途的鸡的数量的内容，故选C项。
2．选F 根据下文的“So they’re a really great material.”可知，鸡毛是一种了不起的原材料，故选F项。
3．选A 根据上文的“Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather, not just parts of it.”可推知，接下来讲的是这个目标实现后所产生的效果，故选A项。
4．选G 根据下文的“They developed a biodegradable product that could replace manmade insulation (隔热材料)．”可推知，这两个学生想废物利用，故选G项。
5．选D 由下文的“The $23,000 they won in the competition helped them start their company, Aeropowder.”可知，这两个学生赢得了一些奖项，故选D项。
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