路由基础配置命令
UTP双绞线类型:
直通线:
交叉线:
广域网线缆连接类型:
DTE:
DCE:
时钟速率:
路由器的接口:(作用)
1. 广域网接口: serial
2. 内网接口: fastethernet
3. 管理接口: console (控制台) AUX(备份)
连接两个设备:
1. 物理连接
2. 逻辑连接
配置网络设备:
1. 管理属性:用户名 密码 描述 警告
2. 协议地址:IP IPX
3. 协议策略:vlan 静态 访问控制
交换机 直接可以应用
路由器 需要初始配置才能应用
设备启动过程:
1. 加电自检
2. 查找加载操作系统
3. 查找加载配置文件
配置网络设备方式:
1. 初始配置:console
2. 初始配置后通过interface(拥有ip地址的接口):
1)telnet
2)TFTP
3)WEB
4)网络管理工具: SNA SDM
配置直接应用到内存
登陆路由器:
Router>
Router>enable /*进入特权模式
Router#
Router#disable /*退出特权模式
Router>
Router>logout /*退出路由器
Router>exit /*退出路由器
路由器IOS帮助功能:?的三个用法
1/ 直接问号
2/
Router#cl?
clear clock
Router#cl
3/
Router#clock
% Incomplete command.
Router#clock ?
set Set the time and date
Router#clock
问号的帮助功能:(查找路由器设置时间的命令并设置时间)
Router#cl?
clear clock
Router#clock
% Incomplete command.
Router#clock ?
set Set the time and date
Router#clock set
% Incomplete command.
Router#clock set ?
hh:mm:ss Current Time
Router#clock set 11:04:50
% Incomplete command.
Router#clock set 11:04:50 ?
<1-31> Day of the month
MONTH Month of the year
Router#clock set 11:04:50 15
% Incomplete command.
Router#clock set 11:04:50 15 ?
MONTH Month of the year
Router#clock set 11:04:50 15 09
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
Router#clock set 11:04:50 15 ?
MONTH Month of the year
Router#clock set 11:04:50 15 sep ?
<1993-2035> Year
Router#clock set 11:04:50 15 sep 2009
Router#
Router#clok
Translating "clok"...domain server (0.0.0.0)
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router#clok /* 输入快捷键 “Ctrl+Shift+6”
Translating "clok"...domain server (0.0.0.0) % Name lookup aborted
Router#clock sit
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
Router#
Router#clock s?
set
Router#clock s
Router#show history /*查看输入的历史命令
clock set 10:41:30
clock set 10:41:30 22
clock set 10:41:30 22 dec 2009
clok
clock sit
configure terminal
clo
configure terminal
history
show history
Router#
查看操作系统版本:
Router#show version
查看配置文件:
1. 查看正在运行的配置文件 (工作在内存 RAM)
Router#show run
2. 查看启动的配置文件(存储过的配置文件 NVRAM)
Router#show start
Router#show startup-config
startup-config is not present /*没有启动的配置文件
Router#
路由器的硬件:
RAM: 内存
NVRAM:存储配置文件
FLASH:存储IOS
ROM:类似计算机BIOS,
Interface:
CPU:
保存路由器的配置文件:
Router#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#
重新启动路由器:
Router#reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
设置路由的标识符:
1. 路由器的名称
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#
2. 每日欢迎信息
R1(config)#banner motd # This is R1, shenyang ,Don't shutdown it!! #
重新登录路由器
3. 端口描述
R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 (进入接口的子模式)
R1(config-if)#description To R2 S0/0/0 (端口的描述信息)
R1(config-if)#
查看端口信息:
R1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/0
R1#show run
路由器的密码:
1. 控制台管理接口的密码:
R1(config)#line console 0 (进入console接口的配置模式)
R1(config-line)#password cisco (密码是cisco)
R1(config-line)#login (登陆过程中,检查密码)
R1(config-line)#
2. 用户到特权模式的密码
R1(config)#enable password 1234 (明文方式显示密码)
R1(config)#enable secret 4321 (加密方式显示密码,权限比明文高)
3. 删除密码:
R1(config)#no enable password
R1(config)#no enable secret
4. 启动密码的加密服务:
R1(config)#service password-encryption
Console接口有用的命令:
1.设置超时时间
R1(config)#line con 0
R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
2. 设置console的同步:
R1(config)#line con 0
R1(config-line)#logging synchronous
3. 关闭路由器名称查找功能
R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup
Router#adfdsaf
Translating "adfdsaf"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router#
设置路由器的协议地址:
1. 配置路由器广域网接口(serial)
R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s0/0/0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 (设置时钟输率)
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 64 (设置接口带宽)
启动路由器的接口:
R1(config-if)#no shutdown (开启接口)
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up (接口的物理层UP)
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up (接口的数据链路层UP)
R1(config-if)#
配置接口的ip地址:
R1(config)#int s0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown (开启接口)
测试接口的连通性:
R1#ping 12.1.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms
R1#
查看端口的状态:
R1# show int s0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is HD64570
Description: To R2 S0/0/0
Internet address is 12.1.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 48 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 5 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 5 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 packets input, 640 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
5 packets output, 640 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
R1#
查看接口连接线缆的类型:
R1#show controllers serial 0/0/0
Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860
DCE V.35, clock rate 64000
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0
SCC Registers:
.... ....
R2#show controllers serial 0/0/0
Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860
DTE V.35 TX and RX clocks detected
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0
SCC Registers:
........
接口状态的提示:
R3#show int serial 0/3/0 /* 默认关闭的端口或手工关闭的端口
Serial0/3/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
........
Router#show int s0/0/0 /* 端口物理层有问题,远端接口没有开启
Serial0/0/0 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)
........
Router#show int s0/0/0 /* 物理层工作正常,数据链路层有问题:1.时钟速率 2.端口的封装类型 3.Keeplive 周期不一样
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down (disabled)
........
Router#show int s0/0/0 /* 物理层工作正常,数据链路层工作正常
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
远程管理网络设备:
设置远程登录的密码:
R1#conf t
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password 5678
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#enable password cisco
在计算机上:
PC>telnet 12.1.1.1
Trying 12.1.1.1 ...Open
User Access Verification
Password:
R1>enable
% Error in authentication. /* 缺少用户模式到特权模式的密码
R1>enable
Password:
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#exit
R1#exit /* 退出telnet会话
[Connection to 12.1.1.1 closed by foreign host]
PC>
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