第五单元知识点归纳总结

第五单元知识点归纳总结

Section A (1a-2d) 知识提纲

一、 词形转换

1. environment n. 环境 → adj. environmental 自然环境的， 有关环境的

2. leaf n. 叶，叶子→复数（pl.）leaves

3 wide adj. 宽的，宽阔的 → adv. widely 广泛地， 普遍地 　

widen v. 拓宽

　 4. compete v. 竞争 competition n. 竞争 competitor　n.　竞争者

5. celebrate v. 庆典，庆祝 celebration n. 庆典，庆祝

　 6. Germay n. 德国　　　German adj 德国的；德国人的

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　n. 德语

二、 短语

1. be known for 以.....闻名= be famous for

2.be made of 由…制成 　　be made from 由„„制成

3. be made by 由…所制造 4. be made in + 地点 产于某地

5. all over the world 全世界 6. by hand 手工地

7. be good for 对„„有益 8. on the side of the mountains 在山边上

三、 词法和句法

1. be made of “由......制成” 主语为制成品 of 后接原材料,制成品能看见原

材料。 近义词：be made out of

be made from “由......制成”主语为制成品from后接原材料，成品看不见

原材料。

be made in + 地点 某物产于某地

The desk is make of wood . 桌子是由木头做的。

Paper is make from wood . 纸是由木材做的。

The kind of watch is made in Shanghai .这种手表产于上海。

2. as far as I know 据我所知

据我所知， 李先生已经去美国了。

As far as I know, Mr. Li has gone to America.

3. both ...and ... ......和......都......，不但...而且... 连接主语时, 动词为复数。

not only... but also... 不但...而且... 连接主语时, 动词就近原则。

either...or... 或者......或者...... 连接主语时, 动词就近原则。

neither...nor... 既不......也不...... 连接主语时，动词就近原则。

____Tom____Jack know my address . They often drop by my home

A. Not , but B. Both , and C. Either , or D. Not only , but also

4. It seems that... 看起来似乎...

seem + adj.

seem to do sth

It seems that he is going to leave here . 似乎他要离开这里。

= He seems to leave here .

Section A 3a-4c 知识提纲 （P35-36）

一、词形转换

1. produce v. 生产，制造→n.product 产品2. France n. 法国→adj.

French法 国的 3.Germany n. 德国→adj.German 德国的

二、词法和句法

1. search for 搜寻， 寻找 相当于 look for

2.no matter 不论， 无论 后接特殊疑问词how / when / where /which/who

/what = 特殊疑问词+ ever 表示 “无论怎样 / 何时/哪里/哪个/谁/什么”

引导让步状语从句。

No matter what he does , I believe him . = Whatever he does , I believe him .

3. hardly adv. = seldom= scarecely几乎不 表示否定含义

I can hardly hear you , ?

4. avoid v. 避免，回避 avoid doing sth . 避免做某事

You should avoid ______such a mistake . (make)

5. be good for 对......有益 be good at 擅长......

be good with sb. 与......和睦相处 be good to 对......好

6. everyday adj. 每天的 ， 日常的

every day 每日， 每天 相当于频率副词，做时间状语。

He reads everyday English every day . 他每天都读日常英语。

7. continue v. 继续，连续

continue to do sth . 继续/ 接着做另一件事情

continue doing sth . 继续做原来的事情

After he finished reading a novel , he continued to play games with his

friends . 他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。

8. find (found , found ) v. 发现， 发觉

find it + adj. + to do sth .

I find it very difficult to learn English well . 我觉得学好英语很难。

find it + adj. + that-clause 是一个复合句， it是形式宾语 ，that从句是真

宾语。

I find it relaxing that I can lie on the beach

我发现我能躺在海滩上很令人放松。

find sb. doing sth . 发现某人正在做某事

I found some boys swimming in the river . 我发现一些男孩正在河里游泳。

Section B1a-2b 知识提纲 （P37-38）

一、 词形转换

1. international adj. 国际的 → n. internation 国际

2. celebrate v. 庆祝→n. celebration 庆典， 庆祝活动

3. live v.生活→ adj. lively 生气勃勃的

4. history n. 历史→ adj. historical 历史的

5. complete adj. 完整的 ， 完全的 →adv. completely 完全地 ， 完整地

二、短语

1. find out 弄清楚， 查明 2. go on vacation (to)去度假

3.turn into 变成 4. according to 根据 ，按照

5.in trouble 在困境中 6.be covered with 被„„覆盖

7.put on 穿上；增加体重；张贴 put off 推迟 put aside 把放在一

put down (飞机等)　着陆，降落；让某人下车；写下，记下；镇压

　　 8. ask for 要求

　　 9. such as for example namely

三、词法和句法

1. Have / has been around 这是习语 ，意思是“已经存在”

Poetry has been around for centuries . 诗歌已经存在几个世纪了。

2. allow v. 允许， 准许

allow doing sth 允许做某事

allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事

be allowed to do sth . 被允许做某事

It’s not allowed to smoke here . 这儿不允许吸烟。

3. use v. 使用

used to do sth. 过去经常做某事

use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 。

be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

be / get used to + n. / pron. / doing sth . 习惯于做某事

be used for doing sth . 用来做某事 = be used to do sth .

4.

It took me about half an hour to get to the airport .

I spent two yuan buying / on the pen .

The pen cost me two yuan .

四．单元语法

被动语态

1. 语态概念： 语态是表示主语和谓语二者关系的一种动词形式。英语的语态

是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

2. 语态分类：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

例如：Many people speak English. 主语people 是动词speak的发出者。

例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

3. 被动语态的构成

be＋及物动词的过去分词。其中be有人称、时态和数的变化。不及物动词

本身没有被动语态。

4. 各种时态被动语态的构成

一般现在时：am／is／are + v-ed 一般过去时：was／were + v-ed

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + v-ed 过去进行时：was / were + being + v-ed

一般将来时：will / shall + be + v-ed 现在完成时：have / has + been + v-ed

过去完成时：had + been + v-ed 含有情态动词: 情态动词＋be + v-ed

5. 主动语态变被动语态的方法

1). 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2). 把主动语态的谓语变为be + v-ed 形式。

3). 把主动语态的主语变为by短语.

（① by短语可以省。② by短语后跟代词的宾格。）

They make shoes in that factory.

→Shoes are made by them in that factory.

6. 被动语态的用法

(1) 动作的了出者是谁不知道。

Some new computers were stolen last night. (不知道电脑是谁偷的)

(2) 说明发出者没必要 The blouse is made of silk. (没有必要说明谁做的）

(3) 动作的承受者需强调。 The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

7. 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

1) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth. 　　(变为被动句)

① We were told the truth by Jack.　② The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

2) 有些动词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式主动句中要省掉to但在被动句中要把省掉的to重新加上去。这样的动词常见的有：

　　“一感，二听，三使，四看”

feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, look at, notice

We hear him sing in the next room.

He is heard to sing in the next room by us.

3） 动词的主动形式表示被动之意

① 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有：

be, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等

　　The food smells terrible.

　　The stone feels hard.

② 不及物动词　sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear　等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　This book sells well. 　　　　这本书畅销。

The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。

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