安徽省马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练(17)

马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（17）及答案

(·山西省运城市教学检测)American children aren't the only couch potatoes with nearly one third of children globally spending three hours a day or more watching TV or on computers, according to the study of over 70,000 teens in 34 nations.

From Argentina to Zambia, Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found most children weren't getting enough exercise and that it made no difference if they lived in a rich or a poor country. “With regards to physical activities levels, we did not find much of a difference between poor and rich countries，” Guthold said. “Growing up in a poor country does not necessarily mean that kids get more physical activities.” The study was published in The Journal of Pediatrics, looking at 72,845 schoolchildren aged 13 to 15 from North and South America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The children were surveyed between 2003 and 2007.

The researchers defined adequate physical activity as at least an hour of exercise outside of gym class at least five days a week. Children who spent three or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games, or chatting with friends — aside from time in school or time spent doing homework — were classified as sedentary.

The researchers found only one quarter of the boys and 15 percent of the girls were getting enough exercise by these definitions. A quarter of boys and nearly 30 percent of girls were sedentary and didn't get enough exercise with girls less active than boys in every country aside from Zambia.

Uruguay had the highest percentage of active boys, at 42 percent, while Zambia had the lowest, at 8 percent. Girls from India were the most active, with 37 percent meeting exercise recommendation, while girls from Egypt were the least active, with just 4 percent getting adequate exercise. Children in Myanmar were the least sedentary, with 13 percent of boys and 8 percent of girls classified as sedentary. The most sedentary nations were St. Lucia and the Cayman Islands, with 58 percent of boys and 64 percent of girls spending at least three hours a day in sedentary activities.

People show deep concern for kids' lack of physical activity in various nations. Why do they have a low level of physical activity? Guthold speculated(推测) that urbanization(都市化) could be a factor as well as access to cars and TVs.

语篇解读：一项面向34个国家7万多名青少年开展的调查显示，全球近三分之一的儿童每天看电视或玩电脑的时间达到三个小时甚至更多。

5．If you are sedentary, you ________.

A．are a diligent student spending much time doing homework

B．have at least an hour of exercise outdoors every day

C．like watching TV and playing computer games

D．spend a lot of time sitting down and not moving

解析：推理判断题。第三段提到：除了在学校或做作业的时间外，每天看电视、玩电脑游戏或上网聊天的时间超过三个小时的孩子被定义为“久坐不动的”。由此推断，如果你被认为是“sedentary”，你就是大部分时间坐着不动的人。

答案：D

6．Which statement is TRUE about the finding of the study, led by Regina Guthold?

A．Most children around the world don't meet the exercise recommendation.

B．Girls in every country are no more active than boys.

C．Children in rich countries relatively get less physical activities.

D．Only 4 percent of the girls from Egypt are not active in exercise.

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容“多数儿童都缺乏锻炼，而且这和他们生活在富国和穷国没有多大关系”及该段提及的调查的范围可推知A项“全球大多数儿童没有达到建议活动量”是正确的。B项可根据第四段末尾排除；C项可根据第二段前三句排除；D项可根据第五段中第二句的后半句排除。

答案：A

7．Which could be the best title of the passage?

A．American children are addicted to TVs and computers

B．Nearly one third of children globally are couch potatoes

C．Effects of physical activities on health

D．Unimaginable standard of physical health

解析：主旨大意题。第一段是全文的中心，第一段内容是“一项面向34个国家7万多名青少年开展的调查显示，爱坐在电视机前的并非只有美国儿童，全球近三分之一的儿童每天看电视或玩电脑的时间达到三个小时甚至更多”，由此可知B项正确。

答案：B

8．What would the writer be most likely to discuss in detail in the following paragraphs?

A．The suitable amount of physical activities for students.

B．Some of the factors for the popularity of cars and TVs among the kids.

C．The reasons behind the lack of physical activities.

D．The ways to make the most of physical activities.

解析：篇章结构题。最后一段提到：人们对各国儿童缺乏身体锻炼表示极大的关注，Guthold分析，除汽车和电视的普及外，都市化也是造成儿童缺乏身体锻炼的一个因素。由此推断接下来作者很可能会详细地讨论儿童缺乏身体锻炼背后的原因。

答案：C

常见动词词组讲解与自我检测

一、add

（1） If you add 5 to 5，you get 10.(把……加到……上面)

（2） Five added to five is/makes 10.

（3） This wiwww.ks5u.comll add to our trouble.(增加)

（4） The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.(增加)

（5） His whole school education added up to no more than one year.(加起来总共)

（6） Add up the numbers，and you will get 1155.(加……)

（题组训练）用与add相关的短语填空：

1、The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added ___________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.

2、The numbers add ___________ 95.

答案：1、to 2、up to

二、agree

（1） agree on(就……达成共识)

（2） agree to do sth.(同意做（某事）)

（3） agree to the plan/decision/arrangement(同意)

（4） I don't agree with you/what you said/your advice.(同意)

（5） The climate here doesn't agree with me.(指食物、天气等适合某人)

（6） Your story agrees with what I have already beard.(和……一致)

（题组训练）用与agree相关的短语填空：

3、Mutton doesn't agree ________________ him.

4、The verb agrees ________________ its subject in number and person.

5、We couldn't agree ________________ a date.

答案：3、 with 4、with 5、 on

三、break

（1） I am sorry that I broke my promise(违背，违反)

（2） break one's word/break the law/break the rule

（3） His health broke.(（身体或精神）垮了)

（4） He broke away from all his old friends.(断绝来往，脱离)

（5） I should break away from such habits.(改掉（习惯）)

（6） All our plans broke down. The peace talks have broken down.

（7） (（计划、谈判等）失败)

（8） Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

（9） （=become very bad）(被搞垮，垮掉)

（10） The telephone system has broken down.(（机器或车辆）出故障；坏掉)

（11） The thieves planned to break into a bank.(闯入，破门进入)

（12） The Second World War broke out in September 1939.(爆发)

（13） After midnight，the party broke up.(散（会）)

（14） I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece.(分开)

（15） The police broke up the crowd.(分开，分散)

（16） broken English(鳖脚的英语)

（17）

（18） Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police.

（19） (突破)

（题组训练）用与break相关的短语填空：

6、News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken ________________ with no agreement reached.

7、Fire broke ________________ last night.

8、Sentences can be broken ________________ into clauses:

9、You've been working so hard for nearly a month. Relax yourself,or you will break ________ sooner or later.

10、While we were watching TV，a voice broke ________ the programme to announce the election results.

答案：6、down 7、out 8、up9、 down 10、into

四、bring

（1） He brought about a quarrel between his parents.(引起，造成)

（2） She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.(实现)

（3） Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by falling trees or branches.(使倒下)

（4） bring down prices(降低价格)

（5） The sale brought in over＄200.(赚得)

（6） Dirt often brings on disease.(引起)

（7） The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.(使成长更快，使提高)

（8） Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase.(讲解清楚)

（9） Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.(抚养)

（10） He was so ill that he brought up everything.(呕吐)

（11） This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers.

（12） (（和各种名词连用）进入某种状态)

（13） Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.(提出)

（14） They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.(把……提前，提早)

（题组训练）用与bring相关的短语填空：

11、The war in Iraq was ________________ by the American President Bush.

12、The work can ________________ ＄2000 a year.

答案：11、brought about 12、bring in

五、call

The trouble calls for quick action by the government.(要求)

（1） I will call for you at five o'clock.(来找某人)

（2） We called for the packages at the post office.(来取某物)

（3） I formed the habit of calling in on him in the evenings.(顺便拜访)

（4） Your father is ill，you should call in a doctor at once.(找来，请来)

（5） People don't like being called names.(骂人)

（6） They've called off the game because of the thick fog.(取消)

（7） He called upon me to speak immediately after him(请／叫（某人做某事）)

（8） I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.(号召)

（9） A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in prices.(引起……的注意)

（10） The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.(召集)

（11） call in at some place/call in on sb. /call back/call up/give sb. a call/make a call（a long—distance call）

（题组训练）用与call相关的短语填空：

13、The situation calls ________________ immediate action.

14、The sound of happy laughter called ________________ memories of his childhood.

15、Could you call in ________________ Mum on your way home?

答案：13、for 14、up 15、on

六、carry

（1） He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.(进行)

（2） One person should carry on where the other had left off.(进行下去)

（3） I was chosen to carry out our experiment.(执行，开展)

（4） He did not carry out his promise to us.(履行)

（5） After destroying the village，the enemy carried off all the cattle(抢走)

（6） The work is tough，but it is the person to carry it through.（=to complete sth. successfully）(顺利完成，顺利实现)

（题组训练）用与carry相关的短语填空：

16、They are trying to carry ________________ a new policy.

17、What a pity！They should have carried ________________ the.good business.

18、—It's a good idea. But who's going to carry ________________ the plan?

—I think Tom and Greg will

答案：16、out 17、on 18、out

七、come

（1） How come that you didn't get here in time?(（用于引申意义）发生某情况)

（2） He came to realize that he was mistaken.(渐渐地（表示动作逐渐变化的过程）)

（3） My dream has come true，(变成现实)

（4） He talked about his coming trip to the United States.(即将到来的)

（5） How did the accident come about?(发生，造成)

（6） I came across（came upon/ran across）this book in an old bookstore on the Fourth Avenue.(无意中碰到，找到)

（7） He came suddenly across an idea.(（无意中）想到)

（8） He just asked me to come round for supper.(到这儿来)

（9） Come along！Arthur，we can't wait all day！(快点)

（10） Come along！Someone must know the answer to my question.(快说)

（11） This paper comes out every Friday.(出版)

（12） I think the roses will come out next week.(开花，发芽)

（13） I came out first in the examination.(考试结果……；考第……一名)

（14） The bill comes to $5.(总计)

（15） When it comes to mathematics，I know nothing about it.(谈到，涉及)

（16） The robbery did not come to light until the next day.(被发现，被大家知道)

（17） The question hasn't come up yet.(被提出)

（18） He came up with an idea.(提出)

（19） come to oneself(苏醒过来)

（20） come to an end(结束)

（21） come into effect（force）(生效)

（22） come to a conclusion（decision）(作出结论（决定）)

（23） come into being（existence）(开始存在、建立、产生)

（24） come into power(开始执政)

（题组训练）根据句意完成句子：

19、I'm as good a cook as she is except when it ________________ （making）pastry.

我做饭做得和她一样好，就是不会做油酥馅饼。

20、The shock made her hesitate for a moment but she quickly ________________ again.

这一打击使她踌躇了片刻，但很快就又恢复正常了。

21、Can you tell me how the accident ______________ ？

你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？

答案：19、comes to 20、came to herself 21、came about

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