初中英语句子成分讲解

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初中英语句子成分讲解

一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】
在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:
1Lucyisabeautifulnurse(名词作主语)2Hereadsnewspaperseveryday(代词作主语)3Smokingisharmfultothehealth(动名词作主语)4ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure、(不定式作主语)5Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided(主语从句作主语)
(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。
如:Hisparentsareteachers(系动词和表语一起作谓语)Westudyhard(行为动词作谓语)Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)HecanspeakEnglish(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
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(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow、(名词作宾语)Shesaysthatsheisill、(宾语从句作动词宾语)Weoftenhelphim、(代词作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball、(不定式作宾语)Weenjoylisteningtothemusic我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。
说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give,show(给……看),bring,pass,buy等。如:(1Ourteachertellsusastory2Thesungivesuslight间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:
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give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise(答应),refuse(拒绝)等。间接宾语加“for”的有:make,buy,do,get,play,order(命令),sing,pay1Igivehimabook改成:
2Hepassesmethebook、(他将书递给我。)改成:3Hewritesmealetter改成:4Hewillbuymesomebooks改成:5Sheismakingmeacake改成:
(四)宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
如:Theymakeherhappy、(形容词)Iseeherdance(不定式)We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess、(名词)Pleaselethimin、(副词)Weheardhersingingasong、(分词短语)
(五)表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
如:Iamateacher、(名词)Heisalwayshappy、(形容词)Theyareontheplaygroundnow、(介词短语)It
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getscold、(形容词)Be动词(amisare,was,were)系动词表保持(keep,stay,remain表改变(getbecometurn感官动词(feelsound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:Itsoundsinteresting、(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)WeshouldallremaincarefulRemain(为系动词,careful表语)
(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:Theblackbikeismine、(形容词)What’syourname?(代词)Theymakepaperflowers、(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing,anything,everything,something等时,定语在不定代词后面。
如:Itellhimsomethinginteresting(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)Hehassomethingtodotodo为不定式作后置定语)说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:TheboysintheroomareinClassFourintheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语。)
(七)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短
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语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
如:Hediditcarefully、(副词)Weoftenhelphim(副词)HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday、(介词短语)WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher、(从句作时间状语)Hesitsthere、(副词地点状语)
【简单句的五种基本句型】A主语+不及物动词(主谓
如:Thesunrises太阳升起来。Thecarstopped汽车停下来了。risestop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。B主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾
如:IlovemycountryHehelpsmeIlikeactionmoviesIbuyabook
C主语+系动词+表语(主系表
如:HerbrotherisadriverWefeelhappy、(feel系动词,表示感到……)Itgetsdark、天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得)TomlooksillTom看上去病了。(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)
D主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾
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如:HegivesTomapresent、(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。Mothermakeanewdressforme、(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。E主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(+++宾补
如:TheycallherMary、(宾补)他们叫她MaryWemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy、(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。Healwaysmakesuslaugh、(宾补)他总使我们笑。
二、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1Lilyiscleaningthedesknow2Hergardenisthebestinourtown3LiuMingisthirteenyearsold4Ilikethisbookverymuch
5ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister、6Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill
7WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully8WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek
9Theyareintheclassroom10Itsoundsgood11HisnameisPaul
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12Wealwaysgotoschoolearly三、课后练习(
挑出下列句中的宾语①MybrotherdoesntdohishomeworkABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish、ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation、
ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdoyoulearn?
ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
ABCD(
挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanisfeelingverytired、ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow、ABCD④SoonTheyallbecomeinterestedinthesubject
ABCD⑤Sheisthefirsttolearnaboutit、ABCD(
挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr、Mrswith
thefamilynameABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass
3
ABCD④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor
ABCD⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep、
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ABCD(四
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room、(四挑出下列句中的宾语补足语②Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool
ABCD③Shefinditdifficulttodothework、ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes、
ABCD⑤IsawMr、WanggetonthebusABCD(挑出下列句中的状语①Thereisabigsmileonherface、ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs
ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven、ABCD④Themanonthemotorbikeistravellingtofast
ABCD⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff
ABCD(
划出句中的直接宾语(和间接宾语()①Pleasetellusastory、②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek、③Mr、Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm④Hereisapen、GiveittoTom、⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?(
分析下列句子的句子成分
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1Theyareworkingonthefarmnow2Seeingisbelieving3AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch4Shebecameadoctorin19
985Thebooklyingontheflooraremine6Suddenlyitbegantorain7Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday8Ialwaysfindherhappy9HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish
10TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine1
1WealwaysworkhardatEnglish12Hesaidhedidntcome13Theyloveeachother14Whatdidyoubuy?
15Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano16Yourjobtodayistohelptheold17Speakingdoesntmeandoing
18BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft
19Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage
20Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere、划分句子成分练习二
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1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome2Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3Allofusconsideredhimhonest
4Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes5Hebrokeapieceofglass
6Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity7-Iloveyoumorethanherchild
8Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes9Theypushedthedooropen
10Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight1
1Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends12Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone14HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong15Dontgetnervoushelpyourselftowhatyoulike、划分句子成分练习题(2(
指出下例句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom、②Thereisanoldmancominghere、③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear、④Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult(
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选出句中谓语的中心词①Idontlikethepictureonthewall
AdontBlikeCpicture
Dwall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes
AgetBlongerCdays
Dsummer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?ADoBusuallyCgo
Dbus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon
AwillbeBmeetingCthelibrary
Dafternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
ADid
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BtwinsChave
Dbreakfast⑥Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday、ATomBdidntCdo
Dhishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis、AwantBtotellCyou
Dis⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor、AWeBhadCsend
Ddoctor⑨HeisinterestedinmusicAis
BinterestedCin
Dmusic⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?AgiveBdidCwhom
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Dbook(
挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework、ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish、ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation、ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill、ABCD⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass、ABCD⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft、ABCD⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool、ABCD⑩Theydidntknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyisABCD(
挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired、ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow、ABCD④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject、ABCD⑤ShewasthefirsttolearnaboutitABCD(
挑出下例句中的定语①TheyuseMr、Mrswiththefamilyname、ABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass
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3、ABCD④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor、ABCD⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep、ABCD⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD(
挑出下例句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room、ABCD②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool、ABCD③Shefounditdifficulttodothework、ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes、ABCD⑤IsawMr、Wanggetonthebus、ABCD⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?ABCD(
挑出下例句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface、ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs、ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven、ABCD④ThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofastABCD⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff、ABCD⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks、ABCD⑦Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit、ABCD⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachineABCD(
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory、②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek、
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③Mr、Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm、④HereisapenGiveittoTom、⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?划分句子成分练习题(2)参考答案
(
①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo(二①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A(
①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D(四①D②B③D④C⑤B(五
①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D(六①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B(七
①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D(八①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语典型例题答案一、写出划线部分的句子成分。
1、主,谓,宾,状2定,状3
4谓,宾,状5定,定6谓,状
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7谓,宾,状8谓,状91011、定,表
12状,状课后练习(①D②D③B④A⑤B(
①D②B③D④C⑤B(五①C②C③A④B⑤B(六①C②C③C④C⑤D(七①D②A③D④D⑤A(八
①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语
1Theyareworkingonthefarmnow、主语系表结构做谓语地点状语时间状语
2Seeingisbelieving、动词ing做主语谓语宾语3AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch、主语谓语宾语程度副词状语
4Shebecameadoctorin19
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98、主语谓语宾语时间状语
5Thebooklyingontheflooraremine、主语补语谓语宾语
6Suddenlyitbegantorain、状语形式主语谓语7Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday、目的状语主语谓语时间状语
8Ialwaysfindherhappy、主语谓语宾语状语9HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish、主语谓语件句中的主语条件句中的谓语条件句中的宾语(整个条件句做主干的宾语)
10TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine、主语定语从句谓语宾语1
1WealwaysworkhardatEnglish、主语状语谓语状语
12Hesaidhedidntcome、主句主语主句谓语从句主从句谓语
13Theyloveeachother、主谓语宾语14Whatdidyoubuy?助动词
15Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano、主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
16Yourjobtodayistohelptheold、主语定语动词表语
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17Speakingdoesntmeandoing、主语谓语宾语18BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft

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