#高考英语语法精品教案：专题8 情态动词和虚拟语气

发布时间：2019-08-13 19:52:59 来源：文档文库

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情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的使用。

一、情态动词表推测的用法

情态动词

意义

语气

句式

语境

例句

备注

must

一定

可能性最大

肯定句

对

具

体

事

实

的

判

断

①A：Look，someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster. A: It can’t be him. He has gone to Shanghai. B: It must be Mr. Wang. He looks like our headmaster. ②That may not be true. ③He couldn't have discovered the truth.

①对现在的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/could＋do ②对过去的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/could have done

may/might(might可能性小于may>

可能

可能性较小，尤其might最不肯定

肯定句、否定句(可能不>

can/could (could可能性小于can>

可能

疑问句、否定句(不可能>、(could有时也用于肯定句>

有时会

肯定句

情态动词

意义

语气

句式

语境

例句

备注

should /ought to

应该，理应

理论上

①It's 8 o'clock now. He should be in the office now.

②Hi, Mum! I'm on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes.

常表示在一段时间内可能发生的事或某人的期望。一般句末有时间状语，或有语境暗示。所表示的猜测发生的可能性很大。

注意：should (ought to>表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如：

— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.b5E2RGbCAP

— They ________ be ready by 12：00.

A．can B．should C．might D．need

【解读】 B　A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。 p1EanqFDPw

二、情态动词的其他用法

1．can, could, may, might

情态动词	意义		例句		备注
can/could	能力		①I can see some birds flying in the sky. ②Could the girl read before she went to school?		could表示泛指过去的某一能力。表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，通常用was/were able to do，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing。如：Because he practised hard, he was able to pass the driving test.
情态动词		意义		例句		备注
can/could		允许(有时可与may互换>		Can/May I have a look at your photos？		can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。
		请求		—Can/Could you lend me a hand？—Yes, I can.
情态动词		意义		例句		备注
may/might		允许或请求		①You may take this if you like. ②May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby？		can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。

2.must, should

情态动词	意义		例句		备注
must	必须		①We must help each other to overcome the difficulties. ②—Must I finish the work today？—No, you needn't/you don't have to./Yes, you must. ③You mustn't take photos here, and it is forbidden.		①must表示主观意志，have to表示客观。如：They had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible. ②Must I/we…？的否定回答不能用mustn't。
	偏要硬要非要		①Why must you always interrupt me？ ②—Can I borrow your car, Mum？—If you must.		表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。
情态动词		意义		例句		备注
should		应该(常与oughtto通用>		You should be polite to the old.		ought to 的否定式：ought not to(oughtn't to>；疑问式：Ought …to…？
		竟然		It is strange that he should react in this way.		表示惊讶、意外等语气。
		万一		①Should anyone phone, tell them I will call back later. (＝ If anyone should phone…>②If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her.		用于if从句中强调“万一”，或用于虚拟语气。

3. need, dare

情态动词	例句	注意事项
need	①I needn't go at once. ②—Need you go at once？—Yes，I must. /No, I needn't.	①need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。如：I need to go at once.I don't need to go at once. —Do you need to go at once？—Yes，I do.②need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。
dare	①He daren't cross the river.②How dare you say that to me？	dare和need一样，既可以作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didn't dare (to> go out alone at night. (在否定句中to有时可省略>

4.shall/will/would

情态动词	意义	例句	备注
shall	表示征询意见。	Shall I help you？	用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。
shall	表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思。	①You shall do as I say. (命令> ②You shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺> ③If you don't get out, I shall knock you down. (警告>	用于第二、第三人称。

4.shall/will/would

情态动词	意义	例句	备注
will/would	表示意愿	①I will do everything for you. ②None is so blind as those who won't see.
	表请求	Will/ Would you please close the window？	用于疑问句中。would更委婉
	表示某种倾向或习惯性动作	①Fish will die without water. ②Every time she was in trouble，she would turn to him for help. (would指过去某一段时间的情况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总是，总会”，后面只能接动作性的动词。>	used to表示与现在的情况相反，表示“过去如此而现在不再这样”。其后既可接表动作的动词，也可接表状态的动词。如：There used to be an apple tree in front of the house.

4.shall/will/would

情态动词	意义	例句	备注
will/would	表示功能(能，行>	①If you don't have a pen, a pencil will do.②We tried the door again，but it wouldn't open.	与否定词连用常表示“拒绝”。
will/would	表示推测(可能、大概>	①This will be the house you are looking for. ②I would be about ten when my father left home.

二、情态动词＋have done

情态动词	意义		例句			备注
must have done；may/might have done；can/could have done	一定(肯定句>；可能(肯定句和否定句>；可能(疑问句和否定句>		You can't/couldn't have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.			对过去的事情的推测
might have done; couldhave done；would have done	本来可能做……而未做；本可以做……而未做；本来会做……而未做		①He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.②We could have walked there, and it was so near.			与过去事实相反的虚拟表达
情态动词		意义		例句	备注
should/ought to have done		本应该做……而未做		Your brother has failed English exam again. You ought to have given him more help.	表示责备
needn't have done		本不需要做……但却做了		You needn't have wakened me up; I don't have to go to work today.

四、虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

	if从句	主句
与现在事实相反	if＋主语＋动词过去式	主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反	If ＋主语＋had＋过去分词	主语＋should/would/could/might＋ have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反	(1> if＋主语＋动词过去式	主语＋should/would/could/ might＋动词原形
	(2>if＋主语＋were to＋动词原形
	(3> if＋主语＋should＋动词原形

If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道>DXDiTa9E3d

If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做>RTCrpUDGiT

注意：

(1> 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。

(2> 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。5PCzVD7HxA

(3> 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：jLBHrnAILg

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.xHAQX74J0X

如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.LDAYtRyKfE

如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。

(4> 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。Zzz6ZB2Ltk

如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝ Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。dvzfvkwMI1

(5> 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：

But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件>rqyn14ZNXI

With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句>EmxvxOtOco

2．虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法

专题八 │ 正面解读

	宾语从句	愿望
I wish	主语＋动词过去式	现在不能实现的愿望
	主语＋had＋过去分词	过去不能实现的愿望
	主语＋would/might＋动词原形	将来不能实现的愿望

I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在>

I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来>

I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.

我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去>

3．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用

(1> 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：SixE2yXPq5

He suggests that she (should> leave the house at once.6ewMyirQFL

他要她立刻离开这所房子。

He proposed that we (should> deal with the problem by the view of development. kavU42VRUs

他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。

(2> 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略>。如：y6v3ALoS89

My proposal is that we (should> set a deadline for handing in the plan.M2ub6vSTnP

我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。

(3> 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … >that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：0YujCfmUCw

It's required that every student be on time for school. eUts8ZQVRd

要求每个学生准时到校。

(4> 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：sQsAEJkW5T

What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should> buy?GMsIasNXkA

你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？

(5> 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋ that从句或It's a pity，a shame等名词＋ that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：TIrRGchYzg

It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。7EqZcWLZNX

It's a pity that you should be so careless.

你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。

4．虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：lzq7IGf02E

I've loved you as if you were my relative.

我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。

5．虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法

(1> It's high time that从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。如：zvpgeqJ1hk

It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。

(2> would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：NrpoJac3v1

I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。

(3> if only…要是……多好啊。如：

If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。

If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。

(4> 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：

May you succeed！祝你成功！

Long live the People's Republic of China.

中华人民共和国万岁！

1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night. 1nowfTG4KI

【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night. fjnFLDa5Zo

【解读】对某一事实的否定推测不能用must，而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。

2．【误】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. tfnNhnE6e5

【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess. HbmVN777sL

【解读】猜的事情发生在昨天，因此要用情态动词＋have done形式，当动词是be时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。V7l4jRB8Hs

3．【误】 He must be very friendly at times.

【正】 He can be very friendly at times.

【解读】句意为：他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测，而是一种理论上的可能性，因此用can。83lcPA59W9

4．【误】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday. mZkklkzaaP

【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday. AVktR43bpw

【解读】表示对过去情况的推测，通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外，表示“把……忘记在某地”使用动词leave。ORjBnOwcEd

5．【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 2MiJTy0dTT

【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out. gIiSpiue7A

【解读】表示在过去成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。uEh0U1Yfmh

6．【误】 Will I open the window for you?

【正】 Shall I open the window for you?

【解读】 shall与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用，即Will you…？IAg9qLsgBX

7．【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. WwghWvVhPE

【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. asfpsfpi4k

【解读】根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责：本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做……而未做”。ooeyYZTjj1

8．【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. BkeGuInkxI

【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. PgdO0sRlMo

【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 3cdXwckm15

【解读】当条件中含有were, had, should等时，可省略if，从而把were, had, should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主语之后。h8c52WOngM

9．【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday.

【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday.

【解读】 if only后句子若表示过去的一种愿望，其谓语动词使用过去完成式，即if only sb. had done sth. 。v4bdyGious

1．—Everyone in my class passed the exam.

—Oh，really？It ________ difficult.

A．can't have been B．needn't have been

C．must be D．mightn't be

【解读】 A　考查情态动词。对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用 can't have done。句意为：“我们班上每个人都通过了测试。”“哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。”J0bm4qMpJ9

2． [2009·安徽卷] Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just be quiet people.XVauA9grYP

A．must B．may C．should D．would

【解读】 B　句意为：有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞，他们可能是安静的人。此处用may表示“可能”之意。bR9C6TJscw

3． —Why didn't you answer the phone last night?

—I ________ when you called.

A．had to have slept

B．had to be sleeping

C．must have been sleeping

D．must have slept

【解读】 C　由时间状语和结合语境来看，这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定推测，再结合题意，应该是must have been doing结构，选C。pN9LBDdtrd

4． When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night. DJ8T7nHuGT

A．might B．must C．should D．would

【解读】 D　这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作(或过去经常做的事情>。

5． —This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands. QF81D7bvUA

—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.

A．took; took

B．have taken; took

C．took; will take

D．will take; have taken

【解读】 B　This/It is the first time that…中，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；It's (high> time that…中，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式(即虚拟语气>，意为“该是做……的时候了”。4B7a9QFw9h

6． —Why hasn't Jack come back yet？________anything have happened to him?ix6iFA8xoX

—I'm not sure, but I guess something________.

A．May；must have B．Can；may have

C．Must；may D．Dare；might have

【解读】 B　考查情态动词。在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或could，推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式，只能选B。wt6qbkCyDE

7．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes. Kp5zH46zRk

A．must B．can C．should D．would

【解读】 B　can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会，可能会”，表示客观情况或逻辑上的可能性。句意为：三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷。Yl4HdOAA61

8． Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling. ch4PJx4BlI

A．will B．can C．must D．may

【解读】 D　may well (not> do sth.意为“很可能(不>干某事，完全(没>有可能干某事”。qd3YfhxCzo

9． Look at the floor, Tom！________you watch TV while having a meal?E836L11DO5

A．Should B．Could

C．Would D．Must

【解读】 D　must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。如：

Must you make so much noise？你就非得弄出这么大声吗？

10．The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they ________win the championship. S42ehLvE3M

A．should B．might C．would D．must

【解读】 A　本题考查情态动词。句意为：这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好，因此，他们应该会赢得冠军。根据常理进行推测表示“应该……”时用should。501nNvZFis

11．When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only half of them would return again. jW1viftGw9

A．will never think

B．can never think

C．needn't have thought

D．couldn't have thought

【解读】 D　考查“情态动词＋完成式”的用法。根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶出的时候，船上的16名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回”可知，这里表示对过去事情的否定推测，选D。xS0DOYWHLP

12．—What does the sign over there read?

—No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. LOZMkIqI0w

A．will B．shall C．may D．must

【解读】 B　考查情态动词的特殊用法。答句句意为：任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是携带点燃的香烟。shall在这里表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。ZKZUQsUJed

专题八 │ 实战演练

13．It's hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to Project Hope. dGY2mcoKtT

A．may B．need C．can D．shall

【解读】 C　考查情态动词的特殊用法。句意为：这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这么多钱，真是难以置信！can在这里表示惊讶、不相信，意为“居然会，竟能”。rCYbSWRLIA

14．For environmental reasons，we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled. FyXjoFlMWh

A．should B．would C．might D．could

【解读】 C　考查情态动词。所填词与as well构成固定搭配，意思是不妨，用might，选C。

15．We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. TuWrUpPObX

A．could be B．should be

C．must have been D．would have been

【解读】 D　would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反，意思是“本来会……但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达，但我们在机场被延误了。7qWAq9jPqE

16．—Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. llVIWTNQFk

—Really？He ________ the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. yhUQsDgRT1

A．could have taken B．should take

C．must have taken D．can take

【解读】 A　考查情态动词的用法。上句表示珍妮已乘坐8点的汽车去了广州。答句句意为：她本可以坐9点的火车去的，坐火车舒服得多，安全得多。“情态动词could＋完成式”表示“本来可以，而实际上并没有那么做”。MdUZYnKS8I

17．[2018·四川卷] —________ I take the book out?

—I'm afraid not.

A．Will B．May C．Must D．Need

【解读】 B　考查情态动词词义辨析。may用于一般疑问句，表示请求。

18．[2018·安徽卷] Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. 09T7t6eTno

A．would be B．would have been

C．must be D．must have been

【解读】 D　考查情态动词。句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据many years ago可知，是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。e5TfZQIUB5

19．[2018·浙江卷] Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________. s1SovAcVQM

A．would have been saved

B．had been saved

C．will be saved

D．was saved

【解读】 A　本题考查虚拟语气。根据Had I known提示，可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用would have done的形式。此外本句还是被动，选A。GXRw1kFW5s

20．[2018·湖南卷] You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to. UTREx49Xj9

A．must B．mustn't

C．have to D．don't have to

【解读】 D　考查情态动词。don't have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。句意为：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。8PQN3NDYyP

21．[2018·陕西卷] —May I take this book out of the reading room?mLPVzx7ZNw

—No，you________. You read it in here.

A．mightn't B．won't C．needn't D．mustn't

【解读】 D　本题考查情态动词的用法。表示“禁止；千万别做某事”时，要用mustn't。

22．[2018·江西卷] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?AHP35hB02d

A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will

【解读】 A　考查情态动词的用法。句意为：我已经告诉你真相了。要我一再重复吗？must在此用于加强语气，意为“必须……吗？非得……吗？”NDOcB141gT

23．[2018·江苏卷] —I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. 1zOk7Ly2vA

—Don't worry. You ________have it by Friday.

A．could B．shall

C．must D．may

【解读】 B　本题考查情态动词。当主语为第二、三人称时，情态动词shall表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，本句表示允诺。fuNsDv23Kh

24．[2018·江苏卷] George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture. tqMB9ew4YX

A．focus B．focused

C．would focus D．had focused

【解读】 B　本题考查虚拟语气。would rather＋从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。HmMJFY05dE

25．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ] Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. ViLRaIt6sk

A．can't B．needn't

C．may not D．will not

【解读】 A　考查情态动词的用法。can't表示“不能”，语气强烈。

26．[2018·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 9eK0GsX7H1

A．not allow

B．do not allow

C．mustn't allow

D．couldn't allow

【解读】 A　考查虚拟语气。句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子们的安全，父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。recommend意为“建议”，其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。naK8ccr8VI

27．[2018·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. B6JgIVV9ao

A．needn't B．wouldn't

C．mustn't D．couldn't

【解读】 A　needn't have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。

28．[2018·重庆卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit. P2IpeFpap5

A．wouldn't B．needn't

C．couldn't D．mustn't

【解读】 D　考查情态动词词义辨析。由句意“这里是紧急出口”，可知此处不允许停车，所以用mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。3YIxKpScDM

29．[2018·北京卷] —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.gUHFg9mdSs

—Ah，good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters.

A．might B．must C．would D．can

【解读】 B　本题考查情态动词。根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用must来表示肯定推测。uQHOMTQe79

30．[2018·山东卷] I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. IMGWiDkflP

A．shouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't

【解读】 A　shouldn't have done意为“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪>” WHF4OmOgAw

1．(2018·潍坊第一次模拟>—Why didn’t Alex attend the party yesterday evening?aDFdk6hhPd

—He________not have wanted to see me.

A．should B．might

C．could D．would

解读：　考查情态动词。语意：他可能不想来见我。might have done 表示对过去一种不太肯定的推测。ozElQQLi4T

答案：　B

2．(2018·青岛市模拟>—May I tell this to my close friend?

—No，you________.Never let anybody else know about it.CvDtmAfjiA

A．needn’t B．shouldn’t

C．mustn’t D．can’t

解读：　由“决不可以让其他任何人知道”可知选C，mustn’t 表示“不允许，不可以”，语气强烈。

答案：　C

3．(2018·杭州市教案检测>—Mum，I am feeling tired and sleepy now.QrDCRkJkxh

—You________so late last night.

A．couldn’t have stayed up

B．mustn’t have stayed up

C．shouldn’t have stayed up

D．needn’t have stayed up

解读：　考查情态动词。shouldn’t have stayed up本来不该熬夜。couldn’t have stayed up不可能熬夜；needn’t have stayed up本没有必要熬夜。根据语意可知本句是母亲责备孩子昨晚熬夜了，故选C项。4nCKn3dlMX

答案：　C

4．(2018·南通一模>Shopping online can save much time as you________go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers.ijCSTNGm0E

A．don’t have to B．oughtn’t to

C．won’t D．mustn’t

解读：　本题考查情态动词。句意为：由于不必去商店或者拥挤的购物中心，网上购物能够节省大量时间。根据句意，应选A。vfB1pxanfk

答案：　A

5．(2018·青岛市联合模拟>—Everyone in my class passed the exam.JbA9VhEou1

—Oh，really？It ________difficult.

A．can’t have been B．needn’t have been

C．must be D．mightn’t be

解读：　考查情态动词。对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用can’t have done。语意：——我们班上每个人都通过了测试。——哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。X7Ahr18pJI

答案：　A

6．(2018·济宁市第一次联考>—Did you punish him for losing your digital camera?b3zqXLCqXo

—Yes，but I don’t think I________.

A．should do that B．need to have done so

C．ought have done that D．should have done so

解读：　考查情态动词的用法。句意为：——他把你的数码相机弄丢了，你处罚他了吗？——是的。但我现在认为当时我不应该这样做。shouldn’t have done sth.意为“(过去>不应该做某事，但实际上已做了”。此处否定发生了转移。pZyytu5rc5

答案：　D

7．(2018·合肥第二次教案检测>It ________be really cold in Novermber in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.DVyGZezsrM

A．should B．will

C．must D．can

解读：　考查情态动词。can可表示常有的行为和情况，意为“有时会，时而可能”。句意为：尽管合肥十一月的时候常常很暖和，但有时候可能会很冷。根据语意选D项。RQxPvY3tFs

答案：　D

8．(2018·陕西西安分科质检>The welldressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop.Strangely enough，she ________have done such a thing.5MxX1IxuU9

A．would B．must

C．should D．might

解读：　根据题干中的Strangely enough 可知，这里应该用should，表示惊讶，可译为“竟然”。jIw5xs0v9P

答案：　C

9．(2018·浙江嘉兴摸底>—Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class.xEve2buwnw

—Really？She ________have studied very hard.

A．may B．ought to

C．must D．should

解读：　may have done可能已经……；ought to have done 本应该……；must have done一定曾……，一定已经……；should have done 本应该……。句意为：——玛丽的测试成绩是全班最高的。——真的吗？她一定很努力了。KAvmyVYxCd

答案：　C

10．(2018·安徽皖南八校第二次联考>—When shall we meet your cousin at the station?Ywuu4FszRT

—His plane took off 2 hours ago，and it________reach at 5 pm.cstDApWA6A

A．should B．could

C．must D．can

解读：　should 的意思是“应该会，可能”，在这里表示对将来的推测，预期会……。

答案：　A

11．(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨质检>Don’t play with the dog，Jack，for it________be dangerous at times.qotL69pBkh

A．shall B．should

C．can D．must

解读：　句意为：杰克，不要逗狗玩，因为狗有时可能是危险的。can 在此表示理论上的可能性，其他三项则无此意，故选C项。EksTCSTCzX

答案：　C

12．(2018·福建龙岩质检一>“Attention，please.Whoever can answer one of my questions ________receive a prize，” the teacher said in class.Sgs28CnDOE

A．might B．shall

C．should D．would

解读：　shall用于第二和第三人称时，可以表示警告、命令、允诺、威胁等语气；might 表示可能性很小；should 表示“应该(义务性>”；would 表示意志(意愿>。这里选B项表示允诺。6craEmRE2k

答案：　B

13．(2018·浙江温州十校联合体模拟>—Where is Lucy?

—I can’t say where she is，but she________have gone to meet her classmates，for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.k8qia6lFh1

A．can B．should

C．must D．may

解读：　这里表示对过去状况的推断，用“情态动词＋have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知，用may have done，表示“过去可能已经做了……”(不确定>。must have done表示“过去一定做了……”(非常确定>；can have done 用在否定句和疑问句中，should have done 表示“过去本该做……(实际却没做>”。y3qrGQOGwI

答案：　D

14．(2018·吉林长春毕业班第一次调研>—Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party.MZpzcAiHKo

—He________.He is a man of his word.

A．could have left B．must have left

C．can’t come D．won’t be coming

解读：　根据He is a man of his word.可知他是一个守信的人，因此推测他肯定已经启程了。句意为：——Tim 启程了吗？他说他要参加聚会。——他一定已经启程了，他是一个守信的人。must have done“一定干了某事”，故B项正确。0VoHIjMIZ5

答案：　B

15．(2018·安徽合肥质检>—Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?dRoQe3gJeM

—If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation，you ________have one as a reward.rNnYJNKKts

A．must B．need

C．would D．shall

解读：　shall用于第一、三人称问句中表示征询对方意见；shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中，表示“警告、许诺、命令、威胁”等语气。答句句意：如果你整个假期能够帮助洗盘子的话，就会得到一个MP5作为回报。shall表示允诺。FJn6fxdLH9

答案：　D

15．(2018·安徽芜湖调研>If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel，more birds and animals________dying out.TFmfLhHMWP

A．ought to avoid B．could have been avoided

C．should have avoided D．might have avoided

解读：　句意为：如果人类少点贪婪少点残忍，更多的鸟类和动物就有可能免于灭绝。这里考查的是对过去情况的假设，从句用had done，主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”，其后接doing 时没有被动语态。7Blnh0bNbw

答案：　D

16．(2018·哈尔滨检测>________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free.lxlvNKFOpd

A．Must B．Can

C．May D．Should

解读：　本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第一个分句是省略了if 虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should call，please tell him I’m not free.当if 省略时，句子要倒装，故D项正确。ztkEju9PET

答案：　D

17．(2018·北京海淀期末>If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed，we ________there by now.NpjMPeCQTA

A．would be B．are

C．have been D．had been

解读：　句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选A项。1ljUlY6R8h

答案：　A

18．(2018·福建龙岩检测>—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.fhi3RIASmX

—I________，either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me.

A．wouldn’t B．wouldn’t have

C．didn’t D．hadn’t

解读：　考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadn’t reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，从选项中看只有B项合适(I wouldn’t have 是I wouldn’t have attended the lecture的省略>。scibnr4TBE

答案：　B

19．(2018·南通二模>—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?G8hjTbyUQk

—Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.U4gspV1V41

A．worked B．had worked

C．would work D．were working

解读：　考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去>更努力地学习英语了。80gAVFvXjI

答案：　B

20. (2018·合肥二模>—Did you make it at last?

—Yes.But for your help，it________a serious loss.

A．would cause B．must have caused

C．would have caused D．may cause

解读：　考查虚拟语气。句意为：——你们最后成功了吗？——成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for...要不是……。mWfIqpZYyo