Unit 1 Art Section Ⅲ Grammar- 虚拟语气（1）
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语法图解
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探究发现
①If I had enough money I would buy a new car.
②If Masaccio were alive, hewould be amazed at how artists paint today.
③If Petershould come to our school, hecould go to our art classes.
④If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
⑤I wish I didn't go to school today.
⑥I wish Iwould take Miss Liang out to a superb restaurant for dinner.
⑦I'd rather you hadn't given me the present.
⑧Who first suggested they visit art galleries?
[我的发现]
(1)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词常用were)表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句①和②)
(2)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词可用一般过去时/should＋动词原形/were_to＋动词原形表示与将来事实可能不符的情况，主句则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句③和④)
(3)在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。(如例句⑤和⑥)
(4)在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。(如例句⑦)
(5)在表示建议、劝告、命令或要求等意思后的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。(如例句⑧)
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英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，它主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1．对现在情况的虚拟
对现在的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词使用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”的形式。
We would go with you if we had time now.
如果我们现在有时间，就和你一起去。
If he were you, he should try his best to go to college.
如果他是你，他会尽其所能去上大学。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(湖南高考改编)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
②If you were (be) a big boss, you could/might understand how hard a period I am in.
2．对将来情况的虚拟
对将来的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句用“should＋动词原形”，或“were to＋动词原形”，或“动词过去式”的谓语动词形式，主句使用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”的谓语动词形式。
If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball matchcould be put off.
要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。
If it were to be sunny tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic.
如果明天天气晴朗，我们会出去野餐。
If he camehere tomorrow, he might get the chance.
他若是明天能来，就能得到这个机会。
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(安徽高考改编)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were_to (be) live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
②If it rained (rain) tomorrow, we wouldn't go hiking.
③—Why do we get up so early?
—If we should_miss (miss) the flight we would have to stay here for another day.
3．虚拟语气的省略
从句中有should, were 等助动词时，可以把if省略，并将助动词提至句首，从而构成部分倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
＝If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。
—Helen, are you going to the airport to see Jack off the day after tomorrow?
—Were he toleave tomorrow, I would go. (＝If he were toleave tomorrow, I would go.)
——Helen, 后天你会去机场送Jack吗？
——如果他明天走的话，我就去送。
[即时演练3]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2014·福建高考改编)Were (be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
②Had I had time, I would have walked round that lake then.
(2)把下面的句子改为倒装句
①If he should be free tomorrow, I would talk with him.
→Should_he_be_free_tomorrow,_I_would_talk_with_him.
②If I were you, I would give him a hand.
→Were_I_you,_I_would_give_him_a_hand.
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1．用在wish之后的宾语从句中
wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。
I wish I were a bird flying in the sky.
我希望我是一只在空中飞翔的小鸟。
I wish he had visitedus last night.
我希望他昨晚来看望我们了。
He wishes he could become a scientist someday.
他希望将来的某一天，他能成为科学家。
[即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2015·天津高考改编)I wish I had_been (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
②(2015·陕西高考改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.
③I wish that the rain would/could_stop (stop)．
2．用在表示命令、建议、要求等一些动词后面的宾语从句中
表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should＋动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：
一坚持(insist)；
二命令(command, order)；
三建议(advise, suggest, proposal)；
四要求(request, require, demand, desire)
Doctors suggest that this kind of medicine (should) be takenafter supper.
医生建议这种药晚饭后吃。
I demanded that we (should) tellthis to her.
我坚决要求我们该把这事告诉她。
[名师点津] 当insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he was honest.
他坚持认为自己是诚实的。
[即时演练5] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①The teacher suggested that the blackboard (should)_be_cleaned (clean) after class.
②He ordered that the clothes (should)_be_washed (wash) every week by themselves.
③His pale face suggested that he was (be) ill.
3．用在would rather后面的宾语从句中
wouldather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时，表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。
I would rather youwent tomorrow (now)．
我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I would rather Ihad not told him the bad news.
我宁愿没有告诉他这个坏消息。
[即时演练6] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2014·陕西高考改编)We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
②I'd rather you had_seen (see) the film yesterday.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If I had (have) enough money, I would buy that beautiful sculpture.
2．I wish I had (have) a little lab of my own.
3．If he should_come/came (come) tomorrow, we would be greatly surprised.
4．If the sun were_to(be)rise in the west, I would follow you.
5．If I were (be) in your position, I would accept their offer.
6．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on its culture.
7．How I wish I had_seen (see) her off at the station, but I was too busy.
8．He insisted that he (should)_be_sent (send) there.
9．Should the snowstorm continue tomorrow, our flight would be canceled.
10．The smile on his face suggested that he had_passed (pass) the exam.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(2014·安徽高考满分作文)Secondly, if_I_were_you,_I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Besides, I wish there wouldn't_be_too_many_students in a class.
另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
3．(2015·四川高考满分作文)To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should)_practice
_with_Chinese_people.
为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。
4．His son had been away from home for a week. He would rather he hadn't_shouted
_at_him.
他的儿子已离家出走一周了，他宁愿自己没对他大喊大叫。
5．I wish we all would_have_a_nice_evening!
我希望大家能有个愉快的夜晚。
6．If you succeeded/should_succeed/were_to_succeed,_everything would be all right.
如果你成功的话，一切就会好起来的。
7．The boy insisted that he had_tried_his_best_and_(should)_be_praised.
小男孩坚持说他尽了最大努力，应该受到表扬。
8．(2014·江西高考满分作文)I suggest you_should_keep_the_balance between your study and entertainment, such as sports, listening to music and so on.
我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，像运动、听音乐等。
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
I was a guilty man.If my master Priest Tang 1.hadn't_saved (not save) my life at the risk of his own life，I 2.wouldn't_have_met (not meet) with Bai Jingjing.If I 3.hadn't_met (not meet) with Bai Jingjing, I 4.wouldn't_have_fallen (not fall) in love with her at first sight.If I 5.hadn't_fallen (not fall) in love with her at first sight, Puti 6.wouldn't_have_told (not tell) me the birth of the devil.If Puti 7.hadn't_told (not tell) me the birth of the devil, the devil 8.wouldn't_have_jumped (not jump) down to the cliff.If the devil 9.hadn't_jumped (not jump) down to the cliff, I 10.wouldn't_have_realized (not realize) how deeply she had been loving me and what true love is!
Now I often wonder what the world 11.would_be (be)if there 12.were (be) no love？How a person 13.would_feel (feel) if he 14.lived (live) in a world without people, especially without a person who loves him and he loves！If I 15.had (have) one more chance some day, I would say to the girl “I love you”！
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