综合教程（一）
（第一单元到第八单元）
一、
A. English to Chinese
由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易，所有欧洲的重要商业国及其在西半球的附属国的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交易。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地，相比之下，西班牙货币显得更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城几利马铸造，再流入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用，以至这种货币最终成为美国的货币单位。虽然早在1652 年马萨诸塞首先铸造低含金量的硬币，但殖民地最后转而用纸币来提高短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票在几个月内就能顺利转手。此外，各殖民地的财政部门开始在税收前签发期票，同时向城镇官员下达书面命令，要求当地店铺履行付款义务，如其他可转让的单据一样，这些票据经签注后可作为货币进行交换。
B. Chinese to English
1、随着我国加入世贸组织，国有银行面临的压力越来越大，为了尽快解决资本充足率以及扩大规模，这家大银行打算与其它两家小银行合并。
With China’s successful entry into the WTO, state-owned banks are faced with more and more pressure. The big bank intends to merge with two small banks so as to quickly solve the problem of capital sufficiency and enlarge its scale.
2、受全球经济衰退和通货膨胀的影响，这个城市的许多小企业已经破产或者本大公司兼并，导致大量工人面临失业的困境。
Because of the recessionary effect on global economy and inflation, many small businesses in this city have gone bankrupt or have been swallowed up by giant corporations. It leads to a large number of workers facing unemployment.
3、他没有娶她。他认为尽管怜悯近似于爱，但是是不同的。他希望为爱情而结婚，而不是为了怜悯。
He didn’t marry her, because he thought that although sympathy was closely akin to love, they were still different. What he hoped was marry foe love, not foe sympathy.
4、网络教育似乎是一种极好的教育方式，它能够触及到一大批潜在的学生，而且可以减少传统学校教育所需要的高额的基础设施及人力费用。
Web-based training and learning seems to be a perfect way to reach a huge pool of potential students, as well as curtail the high infrastructure and personnel costs of traditional schooling.
5、随着这个城镇经济的发展，当地政府打算为老年人建立一所一流的养老院。
With the development of this town’s economy, local government intends to tailor a first-class nursing home for the needs of the elderly.
6、政府撤销对金融市场的管制有利于经济全球化的发展，但同时也给国内经济造成了一些负面影响。
The deregulation of financial markets taken by government is very helpful to economical globalization, but, at the same time, it brings some unpleasant influences on domestic economy.
7、但愿我的弟弟别再整天玩网络游戏了，否则，他将无法完成学业。
I wish my younger brother would desist from playing network games all day, otherwise he would have to discontinue his study.
8、一家店铺开始延长营业时间，同一条街上的其他商店也都跟着做。
One shop began to prolong the business hours, and all other shop along the same street followed suit.
9、随着1997年许多东亚国家经济中出现的戏剧性的货币贬值，这些国家遭受了几句而且徘徊不去的经济衰退。这种结果违反了贬值使国内生产的商品更便宜而且应当提高产量的观点。
Following the dramatic currency depreciation in many East Asian economies in 1997,there countries suffered sharp and lingering recessions. This outcome runs counter to the notion that depreciations ought to boost output because they make domestically produced goods cheaper.
二、
A. English to Chinese
（1）并非所有的地区都会经历气候变暖的情况。有些地区会变得更热更干燥，而另外一些地区则会遭遇较冷的天气。全球变暖产生的预期结果包括极地冰盖融化，海洋沿线地区被淹，剧烈的暴风雨，降雨模式的改变，以及现有生态平衡的广泛变化等等。根据现有的模式，估计下个世纪全球海平面将上升15~95 厘米。这足以将全球l/3 人口的家园淹没。由于像蚊子这类传播疾病的昆虫的栖息地的扩大，传染性疾病的数目也将日益上升。许多物种也许无法适应如此剧烈的气候变化而最终灭绝。
（2）然而，一切都考虑到了之后，那个真正能够解决气候危机的长期方法却被所有的领导人忽视了。倘若不调整我们的经济，我们所做的一切努力就如同即将垂死的朽树上的个别绿叶。我们的政府，和它们的前任一样，坚持认为持续增长的全球贸易是理所当然的一件好事。因此，政府给予了无数直接或间接的资助。这些资助只能使那些生产远距离出口商品的大公司获益。
B. Chinese to English
1、在环境危机问题上，与其拿出一个不怎么样的提案，还不如没有提案，因为提案一旦作出，政治家们就回在其后一段时间内把环境问题放在一边。
As to the climate crisis, we are better off with a clean slate than a weak proposal. Because once the proposal is made, politicians will close the climate chapter for some time.
2、她开始意识到，她的持续的腹痛是由于食用了上周在当地超市贱卖的熏肉引起的。
She’s cottoned on that her constant stomachache was caused by the bacon on offer last week at local market.
3、那位超级明星突然造访一座海滨小城，第二天这则消息在当地报纸的头版显著刊登。
That superstar descended on a small coastal town, which splashed across the front page of the local newspaper.
4、他立足商界的最后一搏失败了，这似乎令人沮丧，但从长远来看，这也未尝不是一件好事，他可以从中学到很多。
It seemed frustrating that his last-ditch effort to win a place in the business world collapsed. But it was also for the best. From the long term, he could learn a lot.
5、父母把自己的爱和关怀无私地给予了孩子。然而，当他们年迈之时，其中一些却只能无奈的独自生活。
Parents lavish their love and care on their children. However, when they become old, some of them are condemned to live alone.
6、我国现任的政治领导和他们的前任们一样坚信，在反腐问题上没有退缩。
The present political leaders of our country, in line with their predecessors, were wedded to the belief that we should not retreat in the action against corruption.
7、多亏了政府的资助和好心人的捐款，那些贫困地区失学的孩子们才得以重返校园。
The school dropouts in poverty-stricken areas came back to school by courtesy of the subsidies from government and donations from the kind people.
8、在当地政府的有效组织下，洪灾所造成的损失被降到了最低程度。
Under the effective organization of the local government, the damage caused by the flood has been watered down to the minimum.
9、在经济发展上，超级大国走在了前面，把其他国家远远甩在了后面，但这并不是说，他们在一切问题上都说了算。
Superpowers forge ahead in economic development, leaving other countries far behind. But it doesn’t necessarily follow that they can determine everything.
三、
A. English to Chinese
据美国国家过敏和传染病中心(NIAID)的研究人员说，往猴子的鼻子里喷一次测试疫苗猴子就可以免得非典。同时一些荷兰的科学家已经成功地利用人类抗体使白鼬免于病毒的侵袭。由亚历山大·博克乐耶夫领导的NIAID 科研小组把引起非典的主要蛋自的基因(SARS-S)注入一种削弱的人类流感病毒，并用这样培养出来的试验疫苗治疗4 只猴子。另外的4 只猴子接受了安慰性疫苗。在这所有的8 只猴子中，药物都直接喷入了它们的鼻腔。免疫接种后的一个月，两组猴子都被特意染上非典。研究人员发现，从接受安慰剂的猴子的呼吸道的取样中有复制的病毒，这表明免疫接种失败。而在接受正常疫苗的猴子身上却没有这种症状。
B. Chinese to English
1、尽管他的科研工作不断出现困难，但他都一一克服了，并最终发现了这种新的元素。
Though difficulties kept cropping up in his work, he still succeeded in finding this new element after solving all the problems.
2、火车以飞快的速度行驶，一天的旅行就把他从白雪皑皑的北国带到了赤日炎炎的南方。
The train was moving at such a good clip that one day’s travel has brought him from the northern part of part of the country covered with white snow to the south with scorching sun.
3、在第一次出海航行时，由于发动机出现了故障，这艘船在大海中有风浪任意摆布。
During her first voyage to the sea, the breakdown of the ship’s engine left her at the mercy of the rough sea.
4、一些公司贪求利润而置农民工的利益于不顾，政府部门最近收到许多拖欠工资的投诉。
While seeking after their own profits, some companies ignore the farmers’ interest, Recently,the government has been bombarded with the complaints about delayed payments.
5、随着亚洲的一些国家发生禽流感，我国加强了对这些国家进口食品的严格管控。
With the bird flu emerging in some Asian countries, our government has placed the imported food under close surveillance.
6、虽然经济全球化给一些中国人带来了绝对的机遇，但它给其他人所带来的挑战也是很明显的。
While economic globalization has brought absolute opportunities to some Chinese, the challenges it causes to others are also unmistakable.
7、令我们欣慰的是，这次大会中的投票表决挫败了某些国家遏制中国的企图。
To our relief, the vote in this assembly stopped certain countries from containing China.
8、在有些人，谚语“三岁看到老”的说法是真的，但有许多人不是这种经历。
With some people, the old saying “One’s character in three years old seals his fate.” Is true, but there are many people with different experience.
四、
A. English to Chinese
何谓女权主义？就广义的定义而言，女权主义是女性及其贡献得到重视的哲学。它是建立在女性的社会、政治、经济权利平等的基础上的。任何人，男人、女人、男孩、女孩，都可以成为女权主义者。女权主义也可以被描述成一种运动，一场革命。在这种运动或革命中，男人女人们希望世界平等无界。这些界限或障碍就是人们所熟知的对性别、性取向、年龄、婚姻状况和经济状况的歧视和偏见。每个人都以白己的性别观、平等观来观察这个世界。女权主义者认为这个世界是不平等的。他们希望看到性别差异的减小，男性优于女性的观念削弱，甚至消失。
B. Chinese to English
1、 赛珍珠生于传教士家庭，随父母在中国生活了17年，深受中国文化的熏陶。
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck was born in a missionary. She lived in China for 17 years, and was saturated in Chinese culture.
2、你父母那么爱你，你竟这样粗暴的对待他们，你如何能为自己的行为辩解。
How can you justify your rude behavior to your parents who love you so much?
3、他已经长大了，不再有青春期抽烟喝酒的习惯了。
He has grown up and has outgrown the bad habits of smoking and drinking in adolescence.
4、我们认为这是不言自明的：任何国家都不应该干涉他国内政，大国尤其如此。
We hold this to be self-evident that no state is in the position to interfere with the domestic affairs of other nations. This is especially true of great powers.
5、家道中落之前，他们无法想象自己会对住小房子、吃干面包、喝白开水的简朴生活也很知足。
Before they came down in the world, they couldn’t imagine that they would content themselves with simple life: a small room, dry bread and plain boiled water.
6、虽然歹徒夸口决不会给活捉，但是被围之后，他毫不反抗就屈服了。
Though he boasted he would never be taken alive, the outlaw submitted to the police without a struggle when surrounded.
7、为了接受高等教育，她激烈的与父亲认为女人注定一生围着厨房转的观念抗争。
In order to have her higher education, she has to contend fiercely with her father who believes that women are doomed to spending their life at the kitchen sink.
8、这位单身母亲给女儿灌输的都是些女权主义观点。
It is feminism that the single mother has instilled in her daughter.
五、
A. English to Chinese
我们的计算机网络已经相当发达，不久就会使我们有机会和地方公司甚至和其他大学共享我们的专长。一个专门致力于远程学习的中心正在酝酿之中。我们将越来越多地利用以因特网为基础的计算机课程，以此来提高我们的教学水平，同时也使校外的学生有机会学习。这并不意味着计算机终端将会取代人，学生永远需要面对面的建议和高质量的面授。但这的确意味着我们可以逐步改进我们的教学课程，并以书本的形式呈现给大家。就大学自身而言，能够接纳更多的学生仍是我们的头等大事。我们正在努力消除剑桥的神秘感，增加录取公立中学毕业生的比率。我们要确保鼓励和支持少数民族、外国学生和残疾学生申请上剑桥，确保妇女全面参与大学事务，增加她们在高端学术方面的职位。我们要鼓励校友们更加关心剑桥，用他们的专长和经验为母校服
务。
B. Chinese to English
1、按照我朋友的建议，这个房间由一个单人卧室改成了浴室外。
At my friend’s suggestion, the room was converted from a single bedroom to a study.
2、人们一提高西安就会联想到大雁塔和兵马俑。
People always connect Xi’an with the Big Goose Pagoda and Terra cotta Warriors and Horses.
3、大学生要有使用好图书馆的条件，只有这样，他们的知识面才会拓宽。
College students must have access to a good library, through which their knowledge and experience can be broadened.
4、水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水，结果河水冲破堤岸，淹没了河边的房子。
The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters, so that the river had burst its banks and flooded the houses by the river.
5、她的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。同时，她父母的话对她也是极大的鼓舞。
Her success was largely due to her efforts. Also her parents’ words were a great encouragement to her.
6、通过参与制定学习计划的过程，我和我的小组成员不得不为学生确定意向学习目标。
Through participating in the process of planning our field trip, my group members and I had to identify out intended learning goals for the students.
7、在报复心的驱使下，我给办公室的每个人发了一封电子邮件，新的开头如下：“很抱歉的通知你，你已经错过了这次机会。……”
I did in the spirit of revenge by sending an E-mail to everyone in the office which began as follow: “We regret to inform you that you have missed this opportunity, ……”
8、尽管期望这种集成电路作为一种锁存器电路，它也可以当作推荐的标准触发器。
Even though this IC is supposed to work as a latch circuit, it can also be made to function as RS(recommended standard) flip-flop.
六、
A. English to Chinese
美国虽未激起产生恐怖主义根源的原始的民族和种族仇恨，但也难脱干系。在中东，基于地理和经济上的考虑，美国不得不既支持以色列的民主形式，又得支持沙特阿拉伯的温和立场。然而，这种支持更多地促使和加剧了灾难性的民族主义，而没有使经济和军事得到安全保证。以色列对占领区的控制使得阿拉伯人越来越多地采取暴力手段。沙特政府之所以能够幸存下来的一部分原因是由于政府总在默默地鼓励基督教原教旨主义者把他们对国内政治的不满发泄在美国和以色列身上。帕蒂西·赫威特轻声地说着，她措辞相当谨慎。当她激动的时候，她的声音有些颤抖。“在9·11事件之后，我们开始在全球范围内建立一个强有力的反恐联盟。但是如果我们要建立一个持久的、真正强有力的国际反恐联盟来确保安全，那么我们就得建立一个同样强有力的经济联盟—换句话来说，全世界范围内自由、公平的贸易联盟。因为倘若我们不去解决整个发展中国家所面临的饥饿、苦难、挫折等问题，我们就永远解决不了恐怖主义以及其他危及世界和平的问题。”
B. Chinese to English
1、大城市的第三产业越来越多地依赖于外来务工人员，这种情况已经形成。如果没有大批务工人员参加到城市的建设中来，许多城市的发展将逐渐趋于停滞。
The increasing reliance of the third industry in big cities on guest workers is entrenched. Without legions of them to participate in the cities’ construction, the development of many cities would grind to a halt.
2、经济的发展更多地依赖于社会的稳定。因此，当前压倒一切的问题是保持稳定。
The development of economy mainly hinges on social stability. Therefore, the overwhelming issue at present is to maintain stability.
3、一个开放的国际大都市应当是文化多元主义。在那里，拥有不同文化背景的人们之间和平相处，共同发展
An open international metropolis should be one with cultural pluralism, where people with different cultural backgrounds coexist peacefully and develop together.
4、由于吸毒，他和周围的人们疏远了。慢慢地，他对吸毒怀有强烈的道德上的厌恶，决心戒毒。
Due to drug abuse, he was detached from the people around him. Gradually, he embraced a moral revulsion towards drug abuse and was determined to give it up.
5、他拥有一辆宽敞的车，一座乡间别墅以及其它被认为是成功的标志的东西，但他并不真正幸福。
He has a big car, a country house, and all the other trappings of success. But he was not in the least happy.
6、有些人对和自己意见相左的人采取仇视的态度。这并不是心胸宽阔的人所应有的。
Some people turn a hostile eye toward those who dissent from their view, which doesn’t agree with what an open minded person should do.
7、和他所期望的相反，这次他并没有得到升职。回家之后他把怒火发泄在了妻子头上。
Contrary to what he expected, he failed to be promoted this time. After returning to his home, he vented his anger on his wife.
8、美国的生活方式以对物质充足的尊崇为典型。
The American way of life is characterized by reverence for material abundance.
七、
A. English to Chinese
没有必要惩罚，强迫或在严厉的气氛中管教孩子。孩子在轻松，愉快，严格但又和谐的气氛里学得会更好。父母决定家庭的气氛，所以父母对家庭气氛的好坏有很大的影响。梦想越大，孩子的表现无论在量上还是质上都会比我们预期的要更加的好!虽然我认为家长不应该责备有问题的孩子，但我确信我们家长对家庭的影响的程度要远远超出我们想象。我们必须牢记这种影响，积极实施这种影响，而永远不要对孩子失望!家长在烦恼的时候重整旗鼓，调整白己的认识，重新评价孩子。实施任何一种考虑周全的家庭教育是需要时间，精力，还需要一个轻松的环境。如果你情绪不好，要腾出来点时间让你和孩子冷静下来，解决问题的办法通常是在情绪平静时想出来的。
B. Chinese to English
1、为了照看这个婴儿她已辞职，无论是好是坏，她顾不了太多。
She has left her job to take care of the baby, and, for better or worse, she can’t afford to think of too much.
2、他情绪变化无常，可能与当时的生病有关。
His back-and-forth mental changes might be accounted for by his simultaneous physical problems.
3、对于有些女性，生孩子并不会导致非此即彼的结果——辞职在家带孩子或继续工作而不带孩子。
For some women, bearing children does not have to result in a black-and-white situation-having to quit work to stay home with the baby or not.
4、大家都为她在三岁时就帮妈妈跑腿而感到惊异。
Everybody was amazed at her who began to run errands for her mother even when she was three years old.
5、这个艺术团的演出吸引了这么多的工人，大礼堂及其外围的地方都围满了观众。
The performance of the art group attracted so many workers that the audience spilt over from the auditorium to the surrounding area.
6、为了加快发展的速度，我国已和许多国家签定了互惠协约。
In order to achieve a faster development, our country has reached reciprocal agreements with many other countries.
7、他们认为民主的一个重要体现就是人民可以享受言论自由。
They think that one important manifestation of democracy is all the people can enjoy the freedom of voicing their minds.
8、儿时的贫寒和艰难激励着这位总统毫不动摇地走自学成才的道路，以致在这方面成为世人的楷模。
The poverty and hardships during his childhood encourage this president never to waver in his determination to be s self-made man, which has been a model for the world.
八、
A. English to Chinese
朦胧中显现出来的那个庞然大物，十分壮观，寂然不动而气度非凡，那就是中国的长城。它孤独地沿着山的一侧蜿蜒而上，再往下进入山谷深处，带着它与世无争的特性。每隔一定的距离就有一座森严的瞭望台，冷峻挺立，十分威严。它铁面无情。建造它，付出了千百万生命，每一块灰色的砖石上都染满了那离乡背井犹如囚徒者的斑斑血泪。它跨越崇山峻岭毅然向前。它具有大无畏的精神，漫漫征途无尽头，走了一程又一程，一直走到亚洲最边远的地方，茕茕孑立，神秘莫测，犹如它所捍卫的大帝国一样。中国的长城就是那样的庞然大物，在朦胧中寂然不动，气度非凡，十分壮观。
B. Chinese to English
1、清晨新鲜的空气，鸟儿的歌唱，街道两旁的花草树木，夜晚的星辰，所有这一切都会使人感到生活是无限美好的。
The fresh morning air, the singings of birds, the trees and flowers on the sides of the street, and the stars at night conspire to make you feel how beautiful the life is.
2、一些中国品牌以富有竞争力的价位为后盾，已经跻身于国际市场，同时他们也未忽略产品的质量，高校的销售以及售后服务等战略的运用。
Some Chinese brands have nudged into the international market on the back of competitive pricing. At the same time they haven’t ignore d such strategies as product quality, an efficient distribution and after-sales service.
3、我妹妹玛丽的几个朋友不断地告诉她，她的好朋友卡罗尔在她背后说她的坏话。玛丽经过他们的洗脑也就相信了她们的话。后来她发现事实并非如此时，感到非常抱歉。
Several of her friends brainwashed my sister Mary into believing that her best friend Carol has saying nasty things about her behind her back. Mary was as sorry as she could be when she found out it wasn’t true.
4、如果政治家想赢得选举胜利必须努力表现自己。
A politician must project himself if he wants to win an election.
5、随着生活节奏的加快，人们感到时间的紧迫，驾车的速度也越来越快。马路就想赛车跑道，高速行驶的汽车严重威胁着行人的安全。
With the quicken pace of life, people feel time presses and drive their cars faster and faster, which makes the roadway look like a race track. The automobiles running at a high speed sorely threaten the safety of pedestrians.
6、现如今人们对汽车的依赖性越来越强，即便是上下班只有一英里的路程，也要驱车前往。
Nowadays people become increasingly dependent on automobiles. Despite one mile round trip to work, they will resort to automobiles.
7、中国制造的商品以其物美价廉赢得了世界各国消费者的青睐。
Low in price and good in quality, the commodities made in China have won hearts of the consumers all over the world.
8、中国的汽车工业白手起家，逐渐发展到如今这样的规模。但是，它仍然处于初级阶段，对其设定过高的质量标准是不切合实际的。
Starting from scratch, Chinese automobile industry has gradually developed into what it is. But with it at the preliminary stage, it is impractical to set an exorbitant quality standard for it.
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