Module 6 Old and New
The Great Wall of China，one of the greatest wonders of the world，was enlisted in the World Heritage by the UNESCO in 1987.Just like a gigantic dragon，the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts，grasslands and mountains，stretching about 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2,000 years，some parts of the Great Wall are now in ruins or even entirely disappeared.However，it is still one of the most appealing attractions around the world.
No one can tell for sure when the building of the Great Wall was started，but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty.Late in the Spring and Autumn Period，some states extended the defence work to prevent the attacks from other states.
It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls were connected to form a defensive system by Emperor Qin Shi Huang.After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC，he ordered the construction of the wall.It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Gansu Province to Jilin Province.The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor.
Further construction also experienced several dynasties.The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly from the Ming Dynasty.Today，the Great Wall has become a mustsee for every visitor to China.Few can help saying “Wow” when they stand on top of a beacon tower and look at this giant dragon.It has become a national pride of Chinese people.
1.enlist vt.列入
2.gigantic adj.巨大的
3.stretch v.伸展
4.fortification n.筑垒；防御工事
5.intrusion n.侵袭，侵扰
6.tribe n.部落
7.beacon tower烽火台
Answer the following questions
1.What’s the best title of the passage?
History of the Great Wall
2.When were the separate walls connected to form a defensive system?
In the Qin Dynasty.
3.Why has the Great Wall become a mustsee for every visitor to China?
Because it is one of the greatest wonders of the world.
Ⅰ.单词检测
1.civil adj.民用的；国内的
2.cliff n.悬崖；峭壁
3.engineering n.(土木)工程
engineer n.工程师
4.gorge n.峡谷
5.structure n.建筑物；结构
6.date vi.始于(某一历史时期)
7.accommodate vt.容纳(乘客等)
accommodation n.住处
8.construction n.建造；建设；建筑
construct vt.建设；建造
9.generate vt.发(电)
10.harness vt.利用；将(自然力)变成动力
11.historical adj.历史的；有关历史的
history n.历史
12.narrow adj.狭窄的
narrowly adv.狭窄地；勉强地
13.poem n.诗；诗歌
poet n.诗人
14.submerge vt.浸入水中；淹没
15.global adj.全球的
16.remove vt.迁移；搬迁
Ⅱ.短语检测
1.provide...for... 为……提供……
2.date from起源于
3.know about了解；知道……的情况
4.think of想起；想出
5.hold back 阻止；隐瞒；抑制
6.come true (梦想等)变成现实
7.equal to等同于
8.put...into... 把……放入……
Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配段落大意
1.Part Ⅰ(Para.1) A.The benefits of the Three Gorges Dam
2.Part Ⅱ(Paras.2～3) B.Mao Zedong’s dream has come true
3.Part Ⅲ(Paras.4～5) C.The disadvantages of the Three Gorges Dam
答案 1.B 2.A 3.C
Ⅱ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1.The Three Gorges Dam will provide enough hydroelectric power for the whole country.(F)
2.About 800 villages have been flooded.(F)
3.The Three Gorges Dam was built to control flooding and produce electricity.(T)
4.Many historical relics have been submerged when the dam was built.(T)
5.The dam will generate a lot of electricity，causing more air pollution.(F)
Ⅲ.课文阅读理解
1.Who dreamed of harnessing the power of the Yangtze River?
A.Sun Yatsen. B.Mao Zedong.
C.Deng Xiaoping. D.A great designer.
答案 B
2.How many tons of coal was used for heating and generating electricity in 1993?
A.1.2 billion. B.20 billion.
C.40 billion. D.About 800 billion.
答案 A
3.Which of the following is TRUE about the Three Gorges Dam?
A.It is a wall of stone to hold back clouds.
B.It is the third largest dam in the world.
C.It is nearly 200 metres high and 15 kilometres wide.
D.It has cost more than any other construction project in history.
答案 D
4.What is the benefit after the construction?
A.Many cities，towns and villages have been flooded.
B.More than one billion people in the region have moved from their homes.
C.The Three Gorges Dam area has become one of the most beautiful areas of China.
D.Many famous historical sites have been flooded.
答案 C
5.Which of the following famous historical sites is NOT mentioned in the text?
A.The Qu Yuan Temple.
B.The Han Watchtower.
C.The Grand Canal.
D.The Moya Cliff carvings.
答案 C
Ⅳ.难句分析
1.Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”.
句式分析：句中的in which...引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词poem；in which在从句中作地点状语，相当于关系副词where。
自主翻译：毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。
2.The Three Gorges Dam，which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal，has been built to control flooding and provide hydroelectric power for the central region of China.
句式分析：本句主干部分为The Three Gorges Dam has been built，用了被动语态。句中which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The Three Gorges Dam。
不定式短语to control flooding的意思是“控制洪水泛滥”，与后面的不定式短语provide...for the central region of China (由and连接，to承前省略)都作目的状语。
自主翻译：三峡大坝是继长城和大运河之后中国最大的建筑工程，它的修建是为了控制洪水泛滥并向华中地区提供电力。
1.date
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P51)Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).
长城大部分建于明朝(1368—1644)。
(2)Please write your name，address，and date of birth on the form.
请在表格里填上你的姓名、地址和出生日期。
(3)The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016·天津)
这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。
(4)To date there is no evidence to support this theory.
到目前为止，还没有证据支持这种理论。
(5)Let’s fix a date for the meeting.
我们确定一下开会日期吧。
[归纳拓展]
[温馨提醒]
date back to和date from作谓语时，没有被动语态，常用一般现在时；作定语或状语时，常用现在分词形式。
[即时跟踪]
(1)用date短语的正确形式填空
①The old custom dates back to/dates from the Han Dynasty.
②The old teaching methods are out of date and should be changed.
③The list is up to date now；we’ve added the new members’ names.
(2)单句改错
They are visiting a tower from the 15th century.
2.accommodate
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P51)The airport is within five hours’ flying time of half the world’s population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.
世界上一半的人口可以在5小时内飞抵这个机场，机场设计客容量为每年8千万人次。
(2)I needed to accommodate to the new schedule.
我需要适应新的时间表。
(3)The hotel provides accommodations for up to 100 people.
这家宾馆最多可为100人提供住宿。
[归纳拓展]
[即时跟踪]
(1)单句语法填空
①We can accommodate him for the night.
②He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.
③I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation(accommodate).
(2)完成句子
无论走到哪里，他都能适应新环境。
Wherever he goes，he can accommodate himself to the new circumstances.
3.remove
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P53)Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
有一些历史遗迹正被搬迁，另一些正被放进博物馆。
(2)The company has removed from Paris to London.
这家公司已从巴黎迁至伦敦。
(3)She removed my name from the name list.
她从名单上把我的名字除去了。
[归纳拓展]
[即时跟踪]
用适当的介词填空
(1)We are removing from London to the country.
(2)Three children were removed from school.
(3)Students removed several desks to another classroom.
1.hold back
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P53)Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”.
毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。
(2)Tell me the truth—don’t hold anything back!
告诉我真相，什么都别隐瞒！
(3)The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.
新公路的建造由于天气不好而耽搁了下来。
(4)He held on to a branch to avoid falling down.
为了避免掉下来他紧抓住一个枝条不放。
[归纳拓展]
[即时跟踪]
(1)写出下列句子中hold back的汉语意思
①They have built a long and strong barrier to hold back the flood.阻挡
②The way he spoke made Steven hold back，“Should I tell him the truth？”犹豫
③We struggled to hold back our laughter at the funny scene.抑制
④He hesitated for a moment，seeming to have something to hold back from me.隐瞒
(2)用hold短语的正确形式填空
①The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer.
②The moment you think about giving up，think of the reason why you hold on so long.
③They all held out their hands to welcome me.
2.come true
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P53)Now his dream has come true.
如今，他的理想变成了现实。
(2)How did it come about?
这件事是怎么发生的？
(3)When will her new book come out?
她的新书什么时候出版？
(4)So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.(2016·北京)
所以科学家们提出了一个令人震惊的想法。
[归纳拓展]
[易混辨析] come true/realize
(1)come true中的come 是系动词，意为“变成”，没有被动语态，主语通常是“希望、理想、梦想、愿望”等词。
(2)realize作“实现”讲，是及物动词，可用于被动语态。sth.come true＝ sth.be realized，表示“某事被实现了”。
[即时跟踪]
(1)用come短语的正确形式填空
①Your wish will one day come true.
②Ready or not，some day it will all come to an end.
③We do not know when this world came into being.
④You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.(2015·重庆)
⑤He will come to soon after the operation.
(2)句型转换
Her hope of living to 100 wasn’t realized.
Her hope of living to 100 didn’t come true.
1.the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P53)The power of the Yangtze River，which is the world’s third longest river，has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.
世界第三大河流——长江的水力已被三峡大坝所拦截利用。
(2)Is Shanghai the second largest city in China?
上海是中国的第二大城市吗？
(3)China is one of the oldest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
[归纳拓展]
[即时跟踪]
(1)翻译句子
①他是我们班身高排第三的男孩。
He is the third tallest boy in our class.
②巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
Paris is among/one of the greatest cities in the world.
(2)单句改错
Tony is only shorter than Jim.He is the second student in his class.
2.比较级表达最高级含义
[语境感悟]
(1)(教材P53)It is the largest hydroelectric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
这是世界上最大的大坝及水力发电站，投资超过历史上任何其他的建筑工程。
(2)He did the job better than the other persons in the group.
他做这工作是小组里做得最好的。
(3)Jack runs faster than any of the other boys in his class.
杰克是他班上跑的最快的男生。
(4)Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
汤姆喜欢钱超过其他任何东西。
(5)I have never seen a better film than this one.
我从没看过比这部电影更好看的电影。
[归纳拓展]
[即时跟踪]
(1)句型转换
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
①The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.
②The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.
③The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
(2)一句多译
他学习比班里其他任何学生都用功。
①He works harder than any other student in his class.
②He works harder than the other students in his class.
③He works harder than the rest of students in his class.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.
2.New subways are still under construction(construct) in Beijing.
3.The old man knows a lot of historical(history) events.
4.The hotel provides a shoecleaning service for guests.
5.Johnson is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.It took years to plan it and save money，and their romantic vacation came true at last.
2.The calories in this piece of bread are equal to half an egg.
3.The little girl always dreams of living a happier life on some other planets.
4.The villagers had built barriers to hold back the flood.
5.How much do you know about the works of Mark Twin.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.那座明朝修建的寺庙被地震毁掉了。
The temple dating from the Ming Dynasty has been broken in the earthquake.
2.我们花了很长时间决定去哪儿。
It took us a long time to decide where to go.
3.没有受到邀请，我不会去他的生日晚会的。
I won’t go to his birthday party without being invited.
4.她听到一声恐怖的声音，这让她的心提到了嗓子眼。
She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth.
5.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。
China is larger than any other country/the other countries/any of the other countries in Asia.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The Three Gorges Dam has been built 1.to control(control) flooding and provide hydroelectric power.The dam，nearly 200 metres high and 1.5 kilometres wide，is the 2.largest(large) hydroelectric power station and dam in the world.It will generate as 3.much electricity as about 40 million tons of coal 4.without causing so much air pollution,5.making(make) Mao Zedong’s dream come true.
The reservoir has flooded 2 cities,11 counties,140 towns and more 6.than 4,000 villages.Over a million people 7.have rebuilt(rebuild) their homes in other places.The project has flooded some of China’s most famous 8.historical(history) sites，some of 9.which are being removed and some 10.are being put(put) into museums.
Ⅰ.语境填词
A)根据汉语或首字母提示，写出所缺单词
1.Please remove your bag on the seat so that I can sit down.
2.This is a narrow(狭窄的) path leading to the mountainous area.
3.The main cause of global warming is human pollution.
4.Can you explain the structure(结构) of the sentence to me？I’m confused.
5.The fields had been submerged(淹没) by flood water.
B)填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式
6.Those ancient houses dating(date) from 500 years ago were destroyed in the tsunami.
7.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held(hold) back thankfully by the shop window.(2015·湖南)
8.One of the most interesting places in Beijing that the foreigners want to visit is the Great Wall.
9.It took three hours to fix the washing machine.
10.He’s always really rude，which is why people tend to avoid him.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Last summer，after finishing our work in China，I took a trip of a lifetime on the TransSiberian Railway.Leaving Beijing early on a Wednesday morning in July，my wife and I traveled through some gorgeous countryside before we arrived in Moscow the following Monday evening.
The first part of the journey took us past the Great Wall and through the grasslands of Inner Mongolia.At the Mongolian Republic border，we had a delay(耽搁) while the wheels were changed because the railway is different.
On our way to the capital，Ulan Bator，we saw herdsmen(牧人) on horseback looking after their cattle.There was a terrible thunderstorm as we crossed a vast open plain.Later we had a quick tour of Ulan Bator.
Next，the train took us into Siberia.After a stop at Irkutsk，a popular holiday resort(胜地)，where a tour group left the train，we passed the great Lake Baikal.Later，we saw some lovely wooden houses in pretty，sunny countryside.This surprised us，as we had imagined Siberia as being covered in thick snow.
Over the next few days，we passed through Novosibirsk，Omsk and other cities in the heartlands of the Russian Federation.By now，our body clocks were losing their sense of time.We wanted to sleep and eat at the wrong time!
At last we reached Moscow.We were too tired and slept for 16 hours that night.The next day we went sightseeing.We saw the Kremlin and some other great buildings in the Russian capital.Then，all too soon，it was time for us to return to our home in London.
11.How many days did it take the author to reach Moscow?
A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Leaving Beijing early on a Wednesday morning in July，...we arrived in Moscow the following Monday evening.”可知，作者周三从北京出发，第二周的周一晚上到达莫斯科，用时大约6天，故选C。
12.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Ulan Bator is the capital of Mongolian Republic.
B.The author travelled with a group of friends.
C.The author’s body clock ran faster than the others’.
D.The train broke down at the Mongolian Republic border.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the Mongolian Republic border，we had a delay(耽搁) while the wheels were changed”和第三段“On our way to the capital，Ulan Bator，”可知，作者乘坐的火车经过了长城、内蒙古，后来在蒙古国首都乌兰巴托的边境更换车轮，之后进入蒙古国境内，故选A。
13.The author was surprised by what he saw in Siberia because .
A.it was covered with thick snow though it was sunny
B.the houses there were so pretty
C.there were a large number of tourists there
D.it was not covered in snow but it was sunny
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Later，we saw some lovely wooden houses in pretty，sunny countryside.This surprised us，as we had imagined Siberia as being covered in thick snow.”可知，作者原以为西伯利亚是被冰雪覆盖着，当他们看到了晴朗的天气时，作者他们感到很吃惊，故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Columnist Dave Barry says this about his father，“My dad would try anything—carpentry(木匠活)，electrical wiring，roofing and so on.From watching him，I learned a lesson that still 14 to my life today：No matter how difficult a task may seem， 15 you’re not afraid to try it，you can do it.”
I learned from my parents the value of “going for it”.“ 16 ventured(冒险)，nothing lost” is the motto of too many of us.Many people are so afraid to 17 that they never venture beyond the familiar.“Better to be safe than sorry” has 18 too many people in the cocoon(保护膜) of their 19 zones.
A delightful 20 tells that Col.Robert Johnson of Salem，New Jersey，announced that he would take a 21 risk.He let the town know that he would 22 a wolf peach on the steps of the country courthouse at noon on September 26,1820.“Why would he take such a chance？” asked the 23 people.
Scientists and doctors had long declared the wolf peach to be 24 .If the wolf peach was too ripe and warmed by the sun，they told him he would be exposing himself to brain fever.Should he somehow 25 the experience，the skin of the 26 would stick to the lining of his stomach (他的胃黏膜) and 27 cause cancer.
Nearly 2,000 people 28 the square to see Col.Johnson eat the “poisonous” peach—now known as the tomato.
Col.Johnson believed his 29 was small，but it must be taken if the 30 about the peach were to be 31 .Who has accomplished anything worthwhile 32 taking a risk?
Much like the tortoise，it makes 33 only when it sticks its neck out.
14.A.refers B.applies
C.tends D.leads
答案 B
解析 由句意可知作者从父亲身上学到的信念仍旧适用于现在。apply to适用于。故选B。
15.A.if B.since
C.although D.unless
答案 A
解析 根据常识，无论一个任务看起来多么难，假如你不害怕尝试，你就能完成它。故选A。
16.A.Anything B.Something
C.Nothing D.Everything
答案 C
解析 根据下文“...they never venture beyond the familiar.”可知，很多人从不冒险做自己不熟悉的事情，因此很多人的格言就是“不冒险，不失去”。故选C。
17.A.fail B.win
C.succeed D.leave
答案 A
解析 根据下文“...they never venture beyond the familiar.”可知，人们从不冒险做自己不熟悉的事情，因为他们害怕失败。故选A。
18.A.turned B.trapped
C.forbidden D.forced
答案 B
解析 根据句中“in the cocoon(保护膜)”可知，“安全总比遗憾好”把人们困在了保护膜中。trap把……困在……。故选B。
19.A.comfortable B.miserable
C.surprising D.unimportant
答案 A
解析 根据句中“Better to be safe than sorry...”可知，人们宁愿被困在舒适区的保护膜中。comfortable舒适的。故选A。
20.A.novel B.message
C.joke D.story
答案 D
解析 根据下文可知，下文讲述了Col.Robert Johnson冒险证明西红柿没有毒的故事。故选D。
21.A.private B.public
C.secret D.national
答案 B
解析 根据下一句“He let the town know that...”可知，他让全镇人都知道他要证明西红柿是没有毒的，因此他要当众冒险。故选B。
22.A.buy B.sell
C.eat D.cut
答案 C
解析 根据倒数第三段中的“...see Col.Johnson eat the ‘poisonous’ peach”可知，此处指吃有毒的西红柿。故选C。
23.A.puzzled B.disappointed
C.angry D.happy
答案 A
解析 根据句中“Why would he take such a chance？”可知，人们对于Col.Robert Johnson冒着生命危险试吃西红柿感到很困惑。puzzled困惑的。故选A。
24.A.delicious B.smelly
C.salty D.poisonous
答案 D
解析 根据下文“...eat the ‘poisonous’ peach”可知，当时的科学家和医生们都认为西红柿是有毒的。poisonous有毒的。故选D。
25.A.enjoy B.survive
C.understand D.know
答案 B
解析 根据上文，当时的科学家和医生认为，假如Col.Robert Johnson从这次试吃西红柿的经历中活下来了，西红柿的皮也会粘在他的胃粘膜上，最终导致癌症。survive从……中活下来。故选B。
26.A.wolf B.seed
C.peach D.body
答案 C
解析 根据上句中“the wolf peach”可知，此处选C。
27.A.eventually B.firstly
C.lately D.hardly
答案 A
解析 由句意可知大家认为西红柿的皮粘在胃粘膜上最后可能会导致癌症。eventually最终，最后。故选A。
28.A.arrived B.decorated
C.surrounded D.crowded
答案 D
解析 根据上文，人们对Col.Robert Johnson的冒险感到很困惑，因此也都挤过来看他试吃西红柿。crowd拥挤。故选D。
29.A.audience B.risk
C.fruit D.size
答案 B
解析 根据上文“risk”可知，此处指Col.Robert Johnson认为自己中毒的风险是很小的，故选B。
30.A.myths B.ingredients
C.prizes D.prices
答案 A
解析 联系全文及结合生活常识可知，人们对wolf peach的说法是荒诞的。故选A。
31.A.changed B.adopted
C.removed D.grasped
答案 C
解析 根据常识，他冒险试吃西红柿是为了消除人们对wolf peach的荒诞看法。remove消除。故选C。
32.A.without B.for
C.with D.except
答案 A
解析 此处指没有冒险尝试就不会实现有价值的事情。故选A。
33.A.sense B.trouble
C.room D.progress
答案 D
解析 根据常识，乌龟只有伸出脖子，才会前进。make progress前进，进步。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Do you want to make some new friends？Here 34.are(be) some tips to help you.
If you are moving 35.to a new school，make sure you check out everything that the school offers.There may be clubs or sports teams you can join，and that’s one of the easiest 36.ways(way) to make new friends.
Volunteering is a great way for 37.making(make) friends.When you volunteer for something 38.that makes you feel excited，you will find others you enjoy being with.That’s a great way to find a friend with some of the same goals 39.as you when you try to make new friends.What you offer is of great 40.importance(important) to others and what they think of you.Give a good first impression(印象) by making eye contact(交流) and a small talk.If you find a common interest，suggest coffee or lunch.You will be 41.surprised(surprise) by how such simple ways can help you make a friend for life.
Remember,42.the most important part of making new friends is being confident about 43.yourself(you)；and others will like you，too.
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