英语国家社会与文化入门练习
Book1
Exercise One （Book1 Unit1）
Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.
Arthur was legendary hero supposed to have fought against the Saxons.
Romans invaded Britain in 43, and the only area they did not subdue therein was Scotland.
most important part of the UK in wealth is England.
were ironworkers, practiced farmers and they drained much of the marshlands and built houses. But they didn't speak Anglo Sanxon English. They have their own language.
real Roman conquest of Britain began in 43AD.
English are mainly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.
was the national hero during the fighting against Danes.
Channel separate Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.
was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day of 1066.
population of the UK consist of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish.
, Duke of Normandy, is now known as William the Conqueror.
occupies the northern portion of Great Britain.
is the capital of Scotland.
is mainly spoken in Scotland.
14th century, Wales was effectively united with England.
Exercise Two（Book1 Unit3）
the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported Oliver Cromwell, while the “cavalier”supported Charles I.
in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen(The Sovereign), the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
House of Commons is the source of real political power in the United Kingdom.
Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.
spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king.
l clung to the theory of the “Divine Right of Kings”.
Prime Minister of Britain was appointed by Queen.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by the Monarch, but ruled by the government.
real power of the House of Lords lies in discussing bills.
Exercise Three（Book1 Unit4）
general election is held normally every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of Brirain.（p50）
the help of DECC, the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan was published by the UK goverment.（p56）
majority of the working lords in the House of Lords are life peers, who earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.（p58）
the House of Commons is a “vote of no confidence” decided.（p50）
the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）
Labour Party is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.（p52）
. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believed Privatization; the keeping of law and order; self-reliance. Except the strengthening of the trade unions.
Thatcher carried out the economic policy of privatization to revitalize British economy in the 1980s.
change in England came mainly through gradual reform.
Exercise Four（Book1 Unit11）
far as the religion is concerned, people in Northern Ireland who are loyal to the British goverment are mainly Protestants, while people in the Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.
' language survived through history and Irish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland.
was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.
1800, Irish parliament was voted out of existence. The Act of Union was signed, and Ireland was officially a part of Brirain.
1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Isac Butt.
ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.
Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century.
bought a legal system-the Brehon law, to the island of Ireland.
Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914.
political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.
the Celtic Brehon law, women were given more rights in Ireland than in the British colonial period.
Book1 Unit15
first group of English were brought in Australia as convicts in 1788 by the First Fleet.
Dreaming is the oldest religion on Australia.
, kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia continent.
was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th centry.
Dreaming is the most enduring religion in Australia today.（p246）
first industries that were developed after the settlement were the sealing industries.
original natives of Australia are the Aborigines.
the policy of assimilation, children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the “protected reserves”.
Book1 Unit16
is one of the many forms of Protestantism.（p258）
of sports in Australia are high particularly in both water sports and team sports.
, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the major forms of non-Christian religions in Australia except Catholicism.
most popular sport in Australia is football.
Book2
Exercise 5（Unit1）
the north, a series of large lakes were formed by huge glaciers.（F）（p3）
most of New Zealand's forest has been turned into golf course.（F）（p4）
New Zealand, you can see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.（F）（p4）
Maori live on rural areas.（F）（p8）
Europeans came to New Zealand, Maori had had their own written languages and recorded their history in written form.（F）（p10）
1642 the Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed Eiropean discovery of New Zealand.（F）（p10）
Zealand's highest peak is Mount Cook in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.（p3）
Zealand consists of two main lands: North Island and South Island.（p3）
Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in the center, runs almost the whole length of the South Island.（p3）
is the capital of New Zealand.（p4）
three-quarters of the population (including more than 95% of the Maori) live on the North Island.（p6）
first European to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.（p10）
Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown.（p10）
the first environmental legislation in the world, the Resource Management Act focuses on the effect of human activities on the environment.（p6）
, the country's largest urban area, is located on the North Island.（p6）
1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was estabilished to address past wrongs and Maori grievances.（p9）
Unit3
Columbus discovered America in the year of 1947.（F）（p33）
1607,Britain planted its firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now Virginia.（T）（p35）
second President John Adams completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which more than doubled the size of the United States.（F）（p47）
Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd President of US, made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.
5.“All men are created equal” is from the document called The Declaration of Independence.（p42）
Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States and granted the new nation all the territory north of Florida, South of Canada and east of Mississipi river.（p42）
principal author of The Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.
important thing done in the Second Continental Congress was that Washington was appointed commander of the army.（p42）
continental states are there at the time of independence of the United States.（p42）
Calvin is the man whose teaching develop into Puritanism.（p33）
Exercise Six
Unit4
president is elected directly by the voters of the nation (all the citizens of the US).
practice of judicial review, an important feature of the American legal system is a crucial weapon in the hands of Congress.（F）（p55）
to the principle of checks and balances, the president has to share power with the legislative and the judiciary branches.（T）（p55）
of the bills introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes law. （F）（p54）
American government has always been playing an unimportant role in the development of American economy.（F）（p57）
can override the president's veto by a two-thirds vote.
all federal judges, the Supreme Court justices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.（p54）
role of American presidents includes command the armed forces, negotiate and sign treaty and appoint certain personnel except pass law.
the United States, a case subject to federal jurisidiction is heard first before a federal district judge, and then appeal may be made to the Federal Court of Appeals, and finally to the Supreme Court.（p55）
most important of the US Supreme Court, known as the power of judicial review consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the constitution.
Constitution defines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federal courts. This division of authority is known as a system of checks and balances, and it ensures that none of the branches of government can dominate the others.
Unit8
to US laws, American children must go to school until they are at least 16 years old.（p119）
public schools are supported by taxes and controlled by the federal government.（F）（p119）
doctrines can be taught in American public schools.（F）（p119）
University was founded in 1636.（p121）
college in America is two-year college.（p123）
Exercise seven（unit14）
I. True or False
1. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War was the Cuban
2. In the aftermath of September 11 terrorist attack, President Bush ordered the invasion of Iraq in 2001, and then Afghanistan in （p225）
3. The credibility of the Bush administration was significantly improved when the Saddam regime was found possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD).F（p226）
4. Mr. Barack Obama is the first Hispanic American president ever elected in the US
5. Most significantly, Obama visited Turkey and Iran to show that the US wanted to improve its relations with the Muslim （p227）
II. Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following did NOT take place in the Nixon administration?C
A. Vietnamization. B. Cuban Missile Crisis.
C. Watergate Scandal. D. Re-establishing US relations with China.
2. The formal diplomatic relation between China and the US was established under President
A. Nixon B. Bush C. Carter D. Reagan
3. Who is the founding leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, wildly known as the culprit behind the terrorist attacks on the United States?C
A. Adolf Hitler. B. Saddam Hussein.
C. Bin Laden. D. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.
4. Which of the following US administrations launched the first Gulf War?
A. The Clinton administration. B. The Bush (Jr.) administration.
C. The Obama administration. D. The Bush (Sr.) administration.
5. The two Germanys, which had been separated since the end of Word WII, were reunited in ____A____.
A. 1990 B. 1991 C. 1989 D. 1999
6. In which of the following year did September 11 Attacks happen in the United States and kill more than 3,000 people?B
A. 2000. B. 2001. C. 2002. D. 2003.
7. Who was supported by Obama as the Secretary of Energy in July 2009?C
A. Gary F. Locke. B. Maya Lin. C. Stephen Chu D. Elaine Chao.
8. Where did President Obama make his historical speech whereby he announced a major change in US policy towards the Muslim world?D
A. Damascus, Lebanon. B. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
C. Ankara, Turkey. D. Cairo Egypt.
III. Blank Filling
1. The Cold War ended after the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, leaving the United States as the dominant military power.
2. Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime change formed the core elements of Bush Doctrine.
3. By the end of his first year in office, views on Obama’s foreign policy record proved more positive than negative.
IV. Matching
Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency.
Exercise Eight
I. True or False
(Unit 17)
1. The Group of Severn refers to a group of painters in the
2. Quebec is the largest province in area and
3. The first major waves of immigration happened in the first half of the 20th
(Unit 18)
4. Governor Generals represent the Queen of England in Canada and usually serve for one term of seven
5. British and French political traditions have an important influence on the formation of the Canadian political
6. The Senate is also an elected body of men and women, representing four main regions in
7. In Canada, local governments are subordinate to the provincial governments, and provincial governments are subordinate to the federal
(Unit 19)
8. The Métis played an important role in fur trade between the First people and the
9. The major economic activity during colonial times was the fur
10. In Canada, immigration remains an explosive political
II. Blank Filling
(Unit 17)
1. Most of the inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginal peoples.
2. The western-most province is British Columbia, which has three major mountain ranges running through it, among which the largest one is the Rockies.
3. Lake Louise, located in the Rockies, is probably the most famous image of the Canadian landscape.
4. The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.
5. The prairies are called Canada's breadbasket because the terrain is well-suited to farming.
6. Ontario and Quebec are the most densely populated provinces. Over half of Canada's population live in the two provinces.
7. Newfoundland was the last province to join Canada in 1949.
(Unit 18)
8. Canada?s political system reflects the two major foreign forces on the historical development of the country: Britain and the United States.
9. Canada's system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is often referred to as ?West-minster-style? democracy.
10. Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government.
11. The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower house, the House of Commons, and an upper house called the Senate.
(Unit 19)
12. The Inuit used to be called the non-Indian peoples.
13. Canada?s aboriginal peoples were forced to live on reserves.
14. During the 1930s, the period of the Great Depression, Canada?s immigration market was open only to Britons and Americans.
15. In more recent years, the federal government encouraged Asian immigration, offering passports to those with capital and / or entrepreneurial skills, by passing the Immigration Act of 1976.
16. Because of the racist, overtones and the purely economic concerns in its immigration policies, Canada looks hardheaded rather than humanitarian.
III. Multiple Choice
(Unit 17)
1. ________ is the capital of
A. Vancouver B. Toronto C. Ottawa D. Montreal
2. Canada ranks ________ in land area in the
A. second B. first C. third D. fourth
3. ________ are the two official languages in
A. French and Indian B. English and French
C. English and Italian D. Italian and French
4. Almost half land area of Canada is covered by
A. forests B. deserts C. swamps D. bogs
5. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in
A. New Brunswick B. Ontario
C. Quebec D. Nova Scotia
(Unit 18)
6. In Canada the Head of State is
A. the prime minister B. the governor-general
C. Queen Elizabeth II D. the leader of the majority party
7. The parliament of Canada is made up of all the following except
A. the Crown B. the Senate
C. the House of Commons D. the National Assembly
(Unit 19)
8. Indigenous peoples make up about 4% of the Canadian people. They are
A. Indians and Africans B. Aborigines and Indians
C. Eskimos and Aborigines D. American Indians and Inuit
9. Immigrants from central and eastern Europe were encouraged to settle the prairies and develop the
A. agriculture B. mining industry
C. forestry D. fishing industry
10. After World War II, Canada opened its doors again to immigrants from aboard, but restriction on ________
A. Briton B. Americans
C. Northern Europeans D. Asians
11. The city of ________ is home to the second largest Chinese community in North
A. Ottawa B. Vancouver C. Toronto D. Montreal
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