名词变复数

发布时间:2017-06-22 19:47:47   来源:文档文库   
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名词的词形变化

1.不规则复数形式

1child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth goose---geese man---men woman---women mouse---mice louse---lice ox---oxen penny---pence analysis---analyses appendix---appendices parenthesis---parentheses basis---bases stimulus---stimuli ellipsis---ellipses axis---axes hypothesis---hypotheses oasis---oases crisis----crises criterion---criteria phenomenon---phenomena datum---data medium---media bacterium---bacteria nucleus---nuclei fungus---fungi alumnus---alumni focus---foci radius---radii terminus---termini larva---larvae alga---algae formula---formulae data---datas lens---lenses

2)词尾读音为[f]并以-f 0fe 结尾的名词复数形式有以下几种情况:

a)规则形式: belief---beliefs chief----chiefs cliff----cliffs grief----griefs b

不规则形式,即把-f 或-fe 变成ves,读音为[vz]: calf---calves half---halves leaf----leaves life----lives loaf---loaves self---shelves thief---thieves wife---wives wolf---wolves

c)既可是规则形式又可是不规则形式:

dwarf---dwarfs/dwarves

hoof---hoofs/hoves

scarf---scarfs/scarves

wharf---wharfs/wharves

3)词干以-o 结尾的名次有三种情况:

a)附属形式为s:这类词包括缩略词 kilos, photos;表示国籍或民族的词

b)复数形式为 es,如:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes

c)复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如: Cargo---cargos/cargoes

mosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes volcano---volacbos/volcanoes

2.单复数同形的名词

以下这些名词单复数同形: antelope 羚羊,bison 野牛,buffalo 水牛,crab 螃蟹,deer 鹿, fish 鱼,reindeer 驯鹿,sheep 绵羊;Burmese 缅甸人,Cantonese 广东人,Chinese 中国人,counsel 法律顾问,kin 亲属,Japanese 日本人,Swiss 瑞士人;aircraft 飞机,craft 飞机,spacecraft 空船;brance 双,score 二十;series 系列;species 种类;means 方法 只有复数形式的名词 trousers 裤子,pants 裤子,shorts 短裤 glasses 眼镜,compasses 圆规,scales 平,pliers 钳子,clips 子。traffic lights 交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动) 3. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 peoplechildrenpolice cattle 是复数 有时 family 也有此用法 表示国民总称时,作复数用。 The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢 的。) 英语中有些名词的单复数形式相同,主要有以下几类 1. 表示动物的名词:fish(), bass(鲈鱼), carp(鲤鱼), cod(鳕鱼), crab( ), eel(鳗鱼), flounder(比目鱼), herring(鲱鱼), halibut( 比目鱼), hake(狗鳕), roach(泥鳅), skate(鳐鱼), sardine(沙丁鱼), salmon(大麻哈鱼), shark(鲨鱼), squid(鱿鱼), trout(鳟鱼), whale( ), antelope(羚羊), bison(野牛), buffalo(水牛), deer(鹿), elk(麋鹿), sheep(绵羊), swine(野猪)等。 The fish we caught is still alive. These fish are living deep under the sea. The swine enjoy rooting the earth.

2. 表示人的名词:buttons(侍者), corps(军团), counsel(法律顾问), lazybones(懒汉), help(佣人), offspring (后代), vermin(坏蛋;害虫), Chinese(中国人), Japanese(日本人), Lebanese( ), Portuguese(葡萄牙人), Vietnamese (越南人). 3.其他常用的单复数同形的名词有:aircraft(飞机), barracks(营房), bob(美圆;先令), brace(双;对), chassis(车架;底架), craft(船;飞行器), head(牛羊等的头数), headquarters(司令部), hovercraft( ), means(方法;手段), patois(方言), précis(文章梗概), series(丛书;系列), species(物种), works(工厂;工事), bellows(风箱)等。

3.不可数名词 不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词! 不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。 如:Water is important. 但如果不可数名词前面被 piece, drop, set 等词修饰时,谓语应该与 piece, drop, set 等的单复数形式保持一致 例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower. 下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!! air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain, snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine, lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,s alt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt, garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,b read,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper, glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,ha ppiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wi sdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,lau ghter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge, intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progre ss,room,work,homework,population,percent, mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physi cs,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics, genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,Engli sh,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics, obsterics

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