元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音
a ①在开音节中/eɪ/ name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
②在闭音节中
1一般读作/æ/ bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
2后面字母为后面字母为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/
e ①在开音节中/i:/ he,these,me,Chinese
②在闭音节中/e/ bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
①在开音节中/aɪ/ bike,drive,time,nice,kite
②在闭音节中/ɪ/ fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
①在开音节中/əʊ/ those,close,go,hoe,home,no
②在闭音节中/ɒ/ clock,not,box,shop,sock
u ①在开音节中 1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday 2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。
②在闭音节中/ʌ / bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a ①在/w/音后面/ɒ/ want,what,watch,wash,quality
②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/ after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i 在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/ find,child,light,high
o ①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/ most,postcard,old,cold
②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ / come,monkey,love,mother
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a /ə/ China,another,woman,breakfast
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置,
e /ə/ hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i ①/ə/ holiday,beautiful,family,animal
②/aɪ/ exercise,satellite
o
∙ ①/ə/ second,tonight,somebody,welcome
∙ ②/əʊ/ also,zero,photo
u
∙ ①/ə/ autumn,difficult
∙ ②/ju:/ popular,congratulation,January
∙ ③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。
∙ 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。
-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
编辑
ar
∙ ①/α:/ car,farm,dark,sharpener
∙ ②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/ warm,quarter,towards
or
∙ ①/ɔ:/ forty morning short
∙ ②/ɜ:/ word worker worse
er,ir,ur
∙ /ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday
注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
编辑
are
∙ /eə/ care,dare,hare
ere
∙ /ɪə/ here,mere
ire
∙ /aɪə/ fire,hire,wire
ore
∙ /ɔ:/ more,score,before
ure
∙ /jʊə/ pure,cure
-re
∙ /ə/ centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
注
∙ ①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。
∙ ②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
∙ ③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai,ay
∙ /eɪ/ afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
∙ /eə/ air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
∙ ①在l,k前/ɔ:/ small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
∙ ②/ɔ:l/ always,also,salt,almost
∙ ③在f,m前/α:/ half,calm
au,aw
∙ /ɔ:/ autumn,daughter,draw
ea
∙ ①/i:/ teach,easy,cheap,please
∙ ②/e/ heavy,bread,sweater,weather
∙ ③/eɪ/ break,great
ear
∙ ①/ɪə/ hear,dear,near,clear,year
∙ ②/eə/ bear,pear,wear,swear
∙ ③/ɜ:/ earth,learn,early
ee
∙ /i:/ jeep,week,green,three
eer
∙ /ɪə/ pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
∙ ①/eɪ/ eight,neighbour,they
∙ ②/i:/ seize,key
eu,ew
∙ ①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel
∙ ②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
ie,ei
∙ /s/音之后/i:/ piece,field,receive
oa
∙ /əʊ/ coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
∙ /ɔ:/ roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
∙ /ɔɪ/ noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
∙ /u:/ broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
∙ /ʊ/ book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou,ow
∙ ①/aʊ/ flower,house,count,down
∙ ②/əʊ/ know,row,throw,though
∙ ③/ʌ / young,country,enough
∙ ④/u:/ group,soup
our
∙ ①/ɔ:/ course,your,four
∙ ②/aʊə/ our,hour,sour
∙ ③/ɜ:/ journey
oul
∙ /ʊ/ would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
∙ ①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/ fluid,suicide,tuition
∙ ②/u:/ juice,fruit,suit
非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
编辑
ai,ay,ei,ey
∙ /ɪ/ foreign,monkey
ow
∙ /əʊ/ yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
∙ 注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
∙ ①/ʃən/ impression,nation
∙ ②在元音字母后/ʒən/ vision,decision,occasion
∙ ③在s后/tʃən/ question,suggestion
-isle
∙ /aɪl/ aisle, Carlisle
-sten
∙ /sən/ listen
-stle
∙ /sl/ whistle
-sure
∙ /ʒə/ pleasure,measure
-ture
∙ /tʃə/ picture,culture
元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
∙ 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中断)+fast/α:/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。
辅字组的读音
b
∙ ①/b/ bike,bus,bag
∙ ②/不发/ bomb,tomb
c
∙ ①在e前或在i,y前/s/ face,decide,cinema,bicycle
∙ ②其他情况/k/ cake,picture,coat,music
∙ ③/tʃ/ cello、concerto
ch
∙ ①/tʃ/ much,chick,rich,teacher
∙ ②/k/ school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)
∙ ③/ʃ/ machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)
-ck/cq
[k] cock,pocket,black,knock,checque,
cz
∙ [tʃ] Czech
d
∙ /d/ doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
∙ /dʒ/ bridge,fridge
dr-
∙ /dr/ children,driver,drink
ds
∙ /dz/ hands(主要用于可数名词复数)
f
∙ /f/ five,four,breakfast
∙ /v/ of
g
∙ ①/g/ bag,garden,go
∙ ②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant
∙ ③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/ genre,massage
gh
∙ ①/f/ cough,enough
∙ ②/不发/ light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
∙ ①/g/ guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)
∙ ②/gw/ language,anguish
h
∙ ①/h/ hot,head,house,hand
∙ ②/不发/ hour,honest
j
∙ ①/dʒ/ jeep,jar,joke,join,June
∙ ②/ʒ/ Jacques(用于法国人名)
∙ ③/h/ Juanita(用于西班牙人名)
k
∙ /k/ kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
∙ /n/ knife,know,knock
l
∙ ①/l/ life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)
∙ ②/ɫ/ milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)]
m
∙ /m/ monkey,come
-mn
∙ /m/ autumn,column,solemn
n
∙ ①/n/ not,shine,ten,note
∙ ②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/ uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
∙ /ŋ/ morning,young,wrong
p
∙ /p/ paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
∙ /f/ elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
∙ /k/ Iraq
qu-
∙ /kw/ quality,quite
r
∙ /r/ red,rubber,ruler
rz
∙ /ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布热)
s
∙ ①在词首、清辅音前/s/ sit,sleep,desk
∙ ②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/ music,husband
∙ ③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。
sc-
∙ ①/sk/ scarlet
∙ ②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science
sch-
∙ /ʃ/ schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/
sh
∙ /ʃ/ she,fish,shirt,wash
t
∙ ①/t/ ten,letter,meet
∙ ②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/ patient,nation
tch
∙ /tʃ/ watch
th
∙ ①/θ/ thin,thirty,method
∙ ②/ð/ the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中
tr-
∙ /tr/ tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
∙ /ts/ Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)
∙ quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用于德国人名)
v
∙ /v/ very,voice,love,leave
w
∙ ①/w/ week,win,wake,sweet,wait
∙ ②/不发/ answer,two,sword
wh-
∙ ①/w/ what,when,white,why
∙ ②在字母o前/h/ who,whose,whole
wr-
∙ /r/ write
x
∙ ①在重读元音后/ks/ box,text,exercise
∙ ②ex+重音元音读/gz/,example,exist,exact
∙ ③/z/ xylophone
y
∙ /j/ yes,yard,yellow,young
z
∙ ①/z/ puzzle,zero,zoo
∙ ②/ʒ/ azure
∙ ③/ts/ pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词)
zh
∙ /ʒ/ zhoosh
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