23 Subjects and Verbs
Activity,410
1. The ripening tomatoes glistened on the sunny windowsill.
2. Acupuncture reduces the pain of my headaches.
3. Elena twisted a strand of hair around her fingers.
4. My brother built his bookshelves from cinder blocks and planks.
5. A jackrabbit bounds up to fifteen feet in one leap.
6. The singer’s diamond earrings sparkled in the spotlight.
7. My roommate crashed his car on the icy highway.
8. On St. Patrick’s Day, our neighborhood tavern serves green beer.
9. My six-year-old brother survives on a diet of peanut butter and jelly.
10. During my parents’ divorce, I felt like a rag doll being torn between two people.
Activity, 412
1. A thick layer of dust covers the top of our refrigerator.
2. In June, sagging Christmas decorations were still hanging in the windows of the abandoned house.
3. The people in the all-night coffee shop seemed weary and lost.
4. Every plant in the dim room bent toward the small window.
5. A glaring headline about the conviction of a local congressman attracted my attention.
6. Two of the biggest stores in the mall are going out of business.
7. The modem’s tiny red lights suddenly started to flicker.
8. A neighbor of mine does all her work at home and E-mails it to the office.
9. The jar of peppercorns tumbled from the spice shelf and shattered on the floor.
10. The scar in the hollow of Brian’s throat is the result of an emergency operation to clear
his windpipe.
Review Test, 413
1. With one graceful motion, the shortstop fielded the grounder and threw to first base.
2. Like human mothers, sheep and goat mothers develop close bonds with their babies.
3. Before class, Antonietta and Jorge rushed to the coffee machine in the hall.
4. I shifted uncomfortably on the lumpy mattress before falling into a restless sleep.
5. Waiting in the long ticket line, Matt shifted his weight from one foot to the other.
6. Ancient Egyptians were branding cattle more than four thousand years ago.
7. Dogs and cats crowded the veterinarian’s office on Monday morning.
8. The driver abruptly halted her Jeep and backed up toward a narrow parking place.
9. During the American Revolution, some brides rejected white wedding gowns and wore red as a symbol of rebellion.
10. The little girl’s frantic family called a psychic to locate the child.
24 Fragments
Note: For each item the fragment, or that part of the original fragment not changed during correction, is underlined.
Activity 2 (Dependent-Word Fragments), 417–418
1. Whenever I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.
2. We had a great time playing football in the house until he came home for the weekend.
3. If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking the porch light.
4. Scientists are studying mummified remains that are thousands of years old.
5. Before I turn on the microwave oven, I have to turn off the overhead light in the kitchen.
Activity 1 (-ing Fragments), 419
1. Marble-sized hailstones fell from the sky, flattening the young plants in the cornfield.
2. They came to a stop at my house.
3. The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.
Activity 2 (-ing and to Fragments), 420
1. Looking at the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.
2. I put a box of baking soda in the freezer to get rid of the musty smell.
3. Staring at the clock on the far wall, I nervously began my speech.
4. Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend, Jerome sat quietly at his desk.
5. To get to the bus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of your way.
Activity 1 (Added-Detail Fragments), 421-422
1. For example, he sees the new movies first.
2. And his fingertips are always black, like ink pads.
3. Electronic devices, such as video cameras and cell phones, keep getting smaller.
Activity 2 (Added-Detail Fragments), 422
1. Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit at right-handed desks.
2. Mrs. Fields always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse printed with four-leaf clovers, to bingo.
3. Hundreds of moths were swarming around the stadium lights like large flecks of snow.
4. For instance, he buys and sells comic books and movie posters.
5. I wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects, such as geometry.
Activity (Missing-Subject Fragments),423–424
1. Then she does fifty sit-ups.
2. I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to eat frozen pizza.
3. They break out in hives when they eat it, and they can even have trouble breathing.
4. To distract me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth. Then he jabbed a needle into my gums and injected a painkiller.
5. Last semester, I took six courses and worked part-time in a discount drugstore.
Review test 1Corrections (methods of correction may vary): p425
2. I’m starting to think there is no safe place left to ride a bicycle.
3. When I try to ride in the highway, in order to go to school, I feel like a rabbit being pursued by predators.
6. Drivers whip past me at high speeds and try to see how close they can get to my bike without actually killing me.
7. When they pull onto the shoulder of the road or make a right turn, drivers completely ignore my vehicle.
11. Regardless of an approaching bike rider, street-side car doors will unexpectedly open.
14. Frustrated drivers who are stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shout out obscene propositions.
16. While jaywalking across the street, the pedestrian will treat me, a law-abiding bicyclist, to a withering look of disdain.
19. Pedestrians may even cross my path deliberately, as if to prove their higher position in the pecking order of the city streets.
Review Test 2, P426
1. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the race. But whenever I’d hear Reggie’s footsteps behind me, I would pump my legs a little faster.
2. I have a few phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs. My ultimate nightmare is to be trapped in a hot-air balloon with three German shepherds.
3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept looking for a good song. He was in the mood to cruise down the highway and sing at the top of his voice.
4. My children joke that we celebrate “Hanumas” with our Jewish neighbors. We share Hanukkah and Christmas activities, including making potato pancakes at their house and decorating our tree.
5. I noticed two cartons of cigarettes sticking up out of my neighbor’s trash bag. I realized that he had made up his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time this year.
6. I’ve decided to leave home and rent an apartment with my best friend. By being away from home and on my own, I will get along better with my parents.
7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in the center. We used to sail paper boats down the groove whenever it rained hard enough to create a “river” there.
8. Don passed the computer school’s aptitude test, which qualifies him for nine months of training. Don kidded that anyone could be accepted if he or she had $4000.
32 Misplaced Modifiers
Activity, 469–470
Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.
1. The patient on the psychiatrist’s couch talked about his childhood.
Or: On the psychiatrist’s couch, the patient talked about his childhood.
2. With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.
3. Vonnie put four hamburger patties, which she was cooking for dinner, on the counter.
4. Steve carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit that he would wear to his first job interview.
5 Anne ripped on a car door the shirt that she made in sewing class.Or: Anne ripped the shirt that she made in sewing class on a car door.
6. The latest Tom Hanks movie has opened in almost 2,200 theaters across the country.
7. Wearing a bulletproof vest, the newscaster spoke softly into a microphone.Or: The newscaster, wearing a bulletproof vest,spoke softly into a microphone.
8. Owing two months’ rent, the tenants left town in a dilapidated old car.
Or: The tenants, owing two months’ rent, left town in a dilapidated old car.
Or: The tenants who owed two months’ rent left town in a dilapidated old car.
9. The woman with arthritis picked up a heavy frying pan.
10. In the greenhouse, I discovered an unusual plant that oozed a milky juice.
Review Test 2, 471
Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.
1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in a poem that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone to heaven.
Or: In a poem, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone to heaven.
2. I filled almost an entire notebook with biology lab drawings.
3. With envious eyes, the apprentice watched the master carpenter expertly fit the door.
4. The photographer pointed the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope at the shy deer.
Or:The photographer pointed at the shy deer the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope.
5. With tired faces, the people on the bus stared at the ceiling or read newspapers.
33 Dangling Modifiers
Activity, 473–474
1. The audience cheered wildly as the elephants, dancing on their hind legs, paraded by.
Or:The audience cheered wildly as the elephants paraded by, dancing on their hind legs.
2. The police spokesperson said the suspect, last seen wearing dark glasses and a blond wig, was still being sought.
3. As I was pouring out the cereal, a coupon fell into my bowl of milk.
4. I knew the limousine, which was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, carried someone important.
Or: Because it was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, I knew the limousine carried someone important.
5. Tired and exasperated, we had a fight that was inevitable.
Or: Because we were tired and exasperated, the fight we had was inevitable.
6. Fran had difficulty removing the anchovies, which were packed tightly in a tiny can.
7. Raquel finally found her sneakers, which had been kicked carelessly under the bed.
8. As I worked at the Xerox machine, the morning dragged on.
9. While we were sitting at a sidewalk café, all sorts of interesting people passed by.
10. Though they were somewhat warped, Uncle Zeke played his records from the forties.
Or:Uncle Zeke played his somewhat warped records from the forties.
Review Test 2, 475
1. Because I hadn’t had much sleep, my concentration during class was weak.
Or: Not having had much sleep, I couldn’t concentrate very well during class.
2. A team of surgeons successfully separated the Siamese twins, who were joined at the hip.
3. While I was wading in the shallow surf, a baby shark brushed past my leg.
4. While being restrained by federal marshals, the kidnapper was sentenced by the judge.
Or: The judge sentenced the kidnapper, who was being restrained by federal marshals.
5. Beth was in a sentimental frame of mind, so the music brought tears to her eyes.
34 Manuscript Form
Activity, 478
(Order of answers may vary.)
2. Right-hand margins should not be crowded.
3. Title should not be put in quotation marks or underlined.
4. “Alone” should be capitalized in the title.
5. A line should be skipped between the title and the first line of text.
6. Paragraphs should be indented.
7. The first sentence of the paper must stand independent of the title. (In the student paper, the reader must rely on the title to know what “This” in the first sentence refers to.)
38 Quotation Marks
Activity 1 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 498
1. Several people have been credited with saying, “The more I see of people, the more I like dogs.”
2. Beatrice asked, “Do you give a discount to senior citizens?”
3. “This hamburger is raw!” cried Leon.
4. The bumper sticker on the rear of the battered old car read, “Don’t laugh—it’s paid for.”
5. “I know why Robin Hood robbed only the rich,” said the comedian. “The poor don’t have any money.”
6. “These CDs,” proclaimed the television announcer, “are not sold in any store.”
7. “When chefs go to great lengths,” the woman at the diet center said, “I go to great widths.”
8. “If you accept an invitation to dinner,” said the Duchess of Windsor, “you have a moral obligation to be amusing.”
9. On a tombstone in a Maryland cemetery are the words, “Here lies an atheist, all dressed up and no place to go.”
10. The columnist advised, “Be nice to people on your way up because you’ll meet them on your way down.”
Activity 2 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 499
Activity (Indirect Quotations), 500
2. Sonya said, “My uncle looks just like a large basset hound.”
3. Angelo said, “I want a box of the extra-crispy chicken.”
4. My boss said, “You can make mistakes as long as you don’t repeat them.”
5. The instructor announced, “Thursday’s test has been cancelled.”
Activity (Titles), 501–502
1. In her short story “A Sea Worry,” Maxine Hong Kingston describes a group of teenage surfers and a mother who tries to understand them.
2. I bought the National Enquirer to read an article entitled “Painful Beauty Secrets of the Stars.”
3. We read the chapter “Pulling Up Roots” in Gail Sheehy’s book Passages.
4. Jamila used an article titled “Winter Blues” from Time magazine in her research paper about seasonal depression.
5. The movie Casablanca, which starred Humphrey Bogart, was originally cast with Ronald Reagan in the leading role.
6. My favorite old TV show was Thriller, a horror series hosted by Boris Karloff, the man who starred in the 1931 movie Frankenstein.
7. When the Beatles’ movie A Hard Day’s Night was first shown, fans screamed so much that no one could hear the songs or the dialogue.
8. On my father’s wall is a framed front page of The New York Times of February 25, 1940—the day he was born.
9. The sociology test will cover the first two chapters: “Culture and Diversity” and “Social Stratification.”
10. An article in Consumer Reports called “Which Cereal for Breakfast?” claims that children can learn to like low-sugar cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties.
Review Test 1, 503
1. The psychology class read a short story called “Silent Snow, Secret Snow,” about a young boy who creates his own fantasy world.
2. While filming the movie Vertigo, the actress Kim Novak was agonizing over how to play a particular scene until the director, Alfred Hitchcock, reminded her, “Kim, it’s only a movie!”
3. “I’m against grade school students’ using pocket calculators,” said Fred. “I spent three years learning long division, and so should they.”
4. The composer George Gershwin wrote many hundreds of hit songs, including classics like “Summertime” and “Somebody Loves Me.”
5. When I gagged while taking a foul-tasting medicine, my wife said, “Put an ice cube on your tongue first, and then you won’t taste it.”
6. I looked twice at the newspaper headline that read, “Man in River Had Drinking Problem.”
7. To learn more about the stock market for his business class, Jared began reading the column by Pablo Galarza in Money magazine called “Market Rap.”
8. When a guest at the wedding was asked what he was giving the couple, he replied, “About six months.”
9. Theodore Roosevelt, a pioneer in conservation, once said, “When I hear of the destruction of a species, I feel as if all the works of some great writer had perished.”
10. “If you’re ever in trouble,” said the police officer, “you’ll have a better chance of attracting aid if you shout ‘Fire’ instead of ‘Help.’ ”
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