Unit 21 Human Biology
李仕才
【阅读理解】
There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life,one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things,persons,events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation,the well prepared dishes,the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore,they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks,they sour the pleasure of society,offend(hurt) many people,and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature,such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing(批评) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿).It grows into a habit,unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong,but it may be cured when those who have realized its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them,and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination,it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them,and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune,nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections,no one will defend or excuse them,and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing,without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not,it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them.Otherwise,it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient,especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
1.People who are unhappy_____.A.always consider things differently from othersB.usually are affected by the results of certain thingsC.usually misunderstand what others think or sayD.always discover the unpleasant side of certain things2.The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” means “_____ ”.A.have a good taste with social lifeB.make others unhappyC.tend to scold others openlyD.enjoy the pleasure of life3.In this passage,the writer mainly____.A.describes two types of peopleB.laughs at the unhappy peopleC.suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappinessD.tells people how to be happy in life
参考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C
解析： 生活中有些人拥有相同的健康、财富和生活条件,但由于考虑事情、人物、事件的角度不同,一些人感到幸福,而另一些人则感到不幸福。由于这些不幸福的人处处冒犯别人,其结果只能是处于被孤立的境地。
1.D 推理判断题。从第二段第三句话“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人感到不幸福的原因。
2.B 词义猜测题。从该短语后的“...offend (hurt) many people,and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正确含义。
3.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是那些感到不幸福的人处处冒犯别人,若长此以往,则只能处于被孤立的境地,所以他们应改变自己的习惯。
完形填空
I had to visit my sister in another town because her husband was very ill.My whole __1__ couldn’t go because school was in session.My children stayed back in their father’s __2__， except for the youngest, who was just one year old.I was __3__ about taking a train journey alone with my oneyearold daughter.However，I knew I had to go, so I gathered all my courage and __4__ the train.After waving goodbye to my husband, I settled down.
There were three other __5__ in that carriage, and two of them were quite elderly, while one was a young man.My daughter was __6__， missing her dad.I tried to __7__ her，but it didn’t work.I tried giving her water and some biscuits, but her crying wouldn’t __8__．By this time, I was getting worried about the __9__ being caused to the others.One of the old men was dozing, but __10__ seemed to become very angry.But however much I tried, the sobbing continued.
Just then, the young man offered to take my baby into his __11__．He stood with her near the window and started __12__ to her in a soft voice.My daughter stopped crying __13__， listening to his baby talk.I was both surprised and __14__， especially because the unhappy old man was now happily reading his book.The stranger __15__ my daughter back once she fell asleep.I thanked the __16__ worker repeatedly and settled down to __17__．
During the long train journey this young man __18__ helped me.He fed my baby, sang to her and told her countless stories.I arrived at my __19__ rested and grateful for this man who had come to my __20__．
After so many years, I still remember this stranger on the train with a grateful heart.
【解题导语】 作者独自一人带着女儿坐火车，女儿在火车上不停地哭，让作者很不安。多亏了同一个车厢里面的年轻人的帮助，作者顺利到达目的地。作者对这个年轻人很感激。
1．A.friends B．students
C．classmates D．family
D 解析：根据下文My children stayed back in their father’s______可知，我的全“家”(family)不能都去。
2．A.trouble B．protection
C．care D．need
C 解析：根据上文My whole ______ couldn’t go because school was in session.可知，我的全家不能都去，孩子待在家里由父亲“照料”(care)。trouble困难；protection保护；need需要。
3．A.nervous B．happy
C．lonely D．excited
A 解析：根据下文alone with my oneyearold daughter可知，作者对于一个人带只有一岁的孩子坐火车感到“紧张”(nervous)。
4．A.boarded B．left
C．slipped D．arrived
A 解析：根据上文I knew I had to go, so I gathered all my courage可知，作者鼓足勇气上了火车。board the train登上火车。
5．A.conductors B．passengers
C．guides D．leaders
B 解析：根据下文and two of them were quite elderly, while one was a young man可知，车厢内还有其他三个“乘客”(passengers)。conductor列车员；guide导游；leader领导。
6．A.laughing B．shouting
C．leaping D．crying
D 解析：根据下文But however much I tried，the sobbing continued.可知，作者的女儿在哭(crying)。
7．A.trick B．frighten
C．comfort D．tickle
C 解析：根据下文I tried giving her water and some biscuits可知，作者想安慰(comfort)她。trick欺骗；frighten使……害怕；tickle(使)发痒。
8．A.stop B．continue
C．consider D．notice
A 解析：根据上文but it didn’t work可知，她的哭声还没停(stop)。
9．A.upset B．annoyance
C．unhappiness D．poverty
B 解析：根据下文seemed to become very angry可知，作者担心给别人带来的烦恼(annoyance)。upset烦闷，苦恼；unhappiness不高兴；poverty贫穷。
10．A.another B．others
C．the other D．other
C 解析：根据上文two of them were quite elderly可知，有两位老人，一位在打盹，另外一位似乎生气了，这里是特指，用the other。another另一个(泛指)；others其他(复数)；other其他的(后面接名词)。
11．A.room B．arms
C．car D．mind
B 解析：根据下文He stood with her near the window and started ______ to her in a soft voice.可知，年轻人主动提出帮我抱孩子。take sb. into one’s arms意为“抱着某人”，符合语境。
12．A.talking B．screaming
C．singing D．educating
A 解析：根据下文listening to his baby talk可知，年轻人用轻柔的声音和她开始谈话(talking)。scream尖叫；sing唱歌；educate教育。
13．A.hardly B．unwillingly
C．slowly D．lightly
C 解析：根据下文listening to his baby talk可知，女儿慢慢地(slowly)停止了哭泣。hardly几乎不；unwillingly不情愿地；lightly轻轻地。
14．A.shocked B．relieved
C．embarrassed D．annoyed
B 解析：根据下文especially because the unhappy old man was now happily reading his book可知，作者感到既惊讶又宽慰(relieved)。shocked惊讶的；embarrassed尴尬的；annoyed生气的。
15．A.presented B．returned
C．brought D．handed
D 解析：根据下文once she fell asleep可知，孩子睡着后，年轻人将她交还给我。hand...back意为“(用手)交还给”，符合句意。present呈现；return归还，后接物作宾语；bring带来。
16．A.fun B．success
C．miracle D．innovation
C 解析：miracle worker奇迹创造者。根据上文可知，年轻人将作者的女儿哄睡了，作者认为他创造了奇迹。fun快乐；success成功；innovation创新。
17．A.rest B．play
C．eat D．drink
A 解析：根据上文settled down可知，作者安定下来休息(rest)。
18．A.continuously B．seldom
C．consciously D．comfortably
A 解析：根据下文He fed my baby, sang to her and told her countless stories.可知，这个年轻人一直(continuously)在帮作者。seldom很少；consciously有意识地；comfortably安慰地。
19．A.home B．destination
C．school D．seat
B 解析：根据arrived at可知作者到达了目的地(destination)。
20．A.recovery B．resolution
C．requirement D．rescue
D 解析：根据上文During the long train journey this young man ______ helped me.可知，这个年轻人一直在帮作者，作者很感激。come to one’s rescue意为“帮助某人”，符合题意。recovery恢复；resolution决心；requirement要求。
语法填空
A lot of the time when I reveal to my French friends that I am a vegetarian (素食者)，a look of horror comes over their faces！1.____________ has been fascinating to experience the cultural 2.____________(important) of food in different countries.In the United Kingdom, vegetarianism is very popular.However，here in France, I often struggle 3.____________(find) a meatand fishfree option on a menu, 4.____________can make eating in restaurants a bit of a challenge.
A common misconception about vegetarian food is that it is not as tasty, nutritious or filling 5.____________ a meal which involves meat or fish.However, although sometimes vegetarian food requires a little more creativity，it is very easy to enjoy a healthy and 6.____________(balance)diet as a vegetarian, as meat substitutes are becoming so much more 7.____________ (easy) accessible.Meatfree Mondays is all about helping people to have one day a week free of meat.By the way the meatfree day does not necessarily have to be a Monday！The campaign 8.____________(aim) to lower the carbon footprint of the planet as well as to improve our health.This is a great challenge for anyone who would like to try out some vegetarian cooking and is a wonderful way to contribute to 9.____________(slow) down climate change.I hope you will enjoy trying out some 10.____________(amaze) vegetarian recipes!
1．It 解析：考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。故填It。
2．importance 解析：考查名词。由其前的the cultural可知设空处应填名词，故填importance。
3．to find 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。struggle to do sth.意为“努力去做某事”。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句且指代整个主句，故填which。
5．as 解析：考查固定结构。as...as...意为“像……一样……”。
6．balanced 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。balanced diet意为“均衡的饮食”。
7．easily 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词accessible，故填副词easily。
8．aims 解析：考查一般现在时。由上下文可知此处描述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时。
9．slowing 解析：考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。contribute to中的to是介词，故其后需填动词ing形式。
10．amazing 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，说明事物的特征，意为“令人吃惊的”，故填amazing。
Ⅱ、七选五
Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person
Life is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 1.
Explore your talents.
Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So it’s often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.
2． For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you’ll enjoy.
3．
No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It’s important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.
If you’re particularly unhappy at your job, consider why.4. If you feel your job isn’t meaningful, or isn’t in line with your values, consider finding another job.
Experience something new.
Research has shown that when we’re in our comfort zone, we aren’t as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.5. Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.It’s important to have new experiences and interactions with others, even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more.
A．Do what you love.
B．Here are some tips for you.
C．Register in a class you’re interested in.
D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events.
E．It’s possible that some changes may change your feeling.
F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.
G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.
【解题导语】 人生就是不断自我提升的过程，有时我们急于取得成功，却迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己给出了一些建议。
1．B 解析：上文提到你可能想知道如何用更简单的方式提升自己，下文则给出了一些建议。由此可知，设空处承上启下。B项符合语境。
2．F 解析：本段最后一句提到，判断你喜欢跟谁在一起有助于你了解自己喜欢什么。由此可知，F项符合语境。故选F项。
3．A 解析：本题考查标题句。根据该标题下的“It’s important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.”可知，花时间做自己喜欢的事很重要。由此可知，A项(做你喜欢的事)符合语境。
4．E 解析：上文提出如果特别不喜欢现在的工作，考虑一下原因，下文则提出考虑换一份工作。由此可知，E项(有时候作出一些改变也可以改变你的心情)符合语境。
5．D 解析：本段的主题是体验新事物。空格后说，正因为如此，我们可能对自己的积极的经历反应迟钝。D项(人类对积极的事件适应很快)正好解释了下文的现象。故选D项。
Ⅲ、短文改错
The day before Mother's Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldn't go back home on Mother's Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone else's words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me.
【答案】
The day before Mother's Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something
.As then I lived in school and couldn't go back home on Mother's Day，
I decided to call her and
her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，
were very useful，and I read
carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the
that someone else's words would have no meaning to her.So I gave
and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her
all she had done for me.
第一处：most前加the。考查冠词。母亲节前一天，我周围的所有人都在谈论什么是他们将为母亲买的最合适的礼物。根据句意可知，此处为形容词的最高级，故在most前加the。
第二处：were→was。考查主谓一致。动名词短语Buying flowers作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式，故将were改为was。
第三处：differently→different。考查形容词。修饰不定代词something需用形容词。注意：different在此作后置定语。
第四处：去掉so。考查连词。as“因为”，引导原因状语从句，故后面的so多余。
第五处：sent→send。考查动词。and连接的不是并列的谓语动词，而是不定式，第二个不定式前的to承前省略了。
第六处：what→which。考查定语从句。先行词为suggestions，非限制性定语从句缺主语，故用关系代词which引导。注意：what不可引导定语从句。
第七处：it→them。考查代词。指代前面的suggestions，需用复数代词them。
第八处：feel→feeling。考查名词。feel作名词表示“触觉，印象”，而feeling作名词表示“想法，意见，感觉”，显然此处要用feeling。
第九处：in→up。考查动词短语。give in是“让步，屈服”的意思，与语义不符。give up意为“放弃”，符合语境要求。
第十处：to→for。考查介词。此处表示我感谢妈妈为我做过的一切。thank sb.for sth.“为某事感谢某人”为固定用法。
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