初高中英语衔接课程讲义：状语从句

专题九：状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练

定义：用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句。

功能：它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。

位置：状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前，用逗号与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。

一、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词有很多，现将分类用法如下：

1.从属连词when，while与as

注： 1)when还可作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：

sb.was doing sth.when...某人正在干某事就在这时……

sb.was about to/ going to do sth.when...某人正打算干某事就在这时……

sb.body has just done somesth.when...某人刚干了某事就在这时……

2)when还表示原因“既然”。如：

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk here in five minutes.既然你可以步行五分钟就能到这儿，坐出租车来真是愚蠢。

3)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.

他喜欢流行音乐，而我却喜欢民间音乐。

4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。如：

When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine.我在街道上走的时候，见到了我的一个老朋友。

2.从属连词：as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than...,

hardly/scarcely... when...，once

这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，意为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：

Once you remember it，you’ll never forget it.一旦你记住它，就永远不会忘记。

The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.

我一听到声音，就知道是父亲来了。

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

我们一到达车站，车就 开了 。

注：no sooner...than...; hardly/scarcely...when...这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。

我一到家，天就开始下雨了。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

→Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

3.till，until (not...until/till...直到……才)

注：1) till不可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。如：

Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。

2)如果将“not until...”结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。如：

Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.

直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。

4.every time，each time，next time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……”。如：

Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.

每次我遇到麻烦，他总会来帮我。

Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.

下次你来的时候，一定要记得把你儿子带来。

5.从属连词：before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，since(自从……以来)。如：

Please remember to turn off all the lights before you leave the classroom.

离开教室前，请记得把所有的灯都关上。

注：1)上述三个连词，既是从属连词，也是介词。

2)若表达“还未……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁……，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：

We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。

We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。

Please write it down before you forget it.

趁你现在没忘把它记下来。

二、地点状语从句

1.常用的引导词有where（在……地方）,wherever（无论在什么地方）等。指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件时，从句须放在主句之前。如：

The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most.

那些大学毕业生们决心去最需要他们的地方。

They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.

他们在阳光雨水充分的地方植树。

Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。

你最好在有问题的地方作个标记。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)

You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)

三、条件状语从句

1.常用的引导词有if（如果，假如）,unless（除非，要不……就不）,as long as（只要）,so long as（只要）,provided (that）（只要），suppose/supposing（假设），on condition (that）（如果）等。如：

I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.

除非我能提前完成那个项目，否则我最近不会来看你了。

We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one.

只要我们团结一致，我们肯定能实现我们的目标。

What shall we do if we can not get the necessary data？

如果我们弄不到必要的数据，我们怎么办？

They promised to let us have a meeting in their office on condition(that）we could keep it clean.

如果我们能保持清洁，他们答应让我们在他们的办公室里开会。

2.要点提示：

1)在表示条件的状语从句中，既可以用直陈语气作“真实条件句”，也可以用虚拟语气作“非真实条件句”。至于把句子作成哪一种条件句，要依照“有关语法规则”和“表达意思的需要”而定。 2)用unless引导条件状语从句时，要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的：unless=if...not...。因此，我们在逻辑上要注意：英文句子的用法和中文句子的译文。特别是当主句是否定句时，逻辑上的意思就成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。如：I will not go to their party unless I am invited.

这个句子的实际意义等于：I will not go to their party if I am not invited.这就是说，“我不去参加聚会”的条件是“我没有受到邀请”。“不去”与“没有受到邀请”就构成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。）假如他们不邀请我，我不会去参加他们的聚会。

He will finish the work in time unless something unexpected happens.

这个句子的实际意义等于：

He will finish the work in time if something unexpected does not happen.

假如没有什么意外的事情发生，他会按时完成他的工作的。

3)suppose/supposing这两个词所表达的意义和句法功能是一样的。它们与其他的引导状语从句的从属连词一样，引导一个含状语从句的主从复合句。而它们的特别之处在于：有时由它们所引出的条件状语从句常与主句分开而独立成句，但其意义和作用还是条件状语从句。这种情况多数出现在科技文章及某些论文里。如：

Suppose no more rain fell into the Atlantic Ocean and no more water was brought to it by rivers.It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

假如不再有雨水注入大西洋，不再有河水流入大西洋的话；大约需要四千年的时间大西洋才会枯竭。

Suppose your statement is right.How are you going to prove it?

假定为你的观点是正确的，你打算如何证明这一点呢？

Suppose this poor girl is yours.We’d like to know how much you know about her.

假设这个可怜的女孩就是你的；我们想了解你知道多少关于她的情况。

四、原因状语从句

1.常用的引导词有because因为,as由于,since既然，由于,now that既然，由于,not that...but that不是因为……而是因为……，seeing that，considering that等。如：

He can’t deliver his lectures today because he has got a bad cold.

他今天不能去讲课了，因为他患了重感冒。

I may not be able to attend your wedding party not because I’m not willing to but because I’ve been caught by something recently.

我或许无法参加你的婚礼了，不是我不想去而是近来有些事情缠着我无法脱身。

2.要点提示：

1) 从属连词用法区别

2)关于since和now that

这两个词在表示原因的时候是近义词，都表示“既然”。但其不同之处在于：now that只能以“新发生的情况”作为某事发生的原因；而since在表示“既然”时,就没有这种限制。如：

Now that the rain is going to stop,we’d better get ready for the afternoon’s match. 既然雨要停了，我们最好为下午的比赛作好准备。

（此句中，now that引出的从句显然是表示“新出现的情况”，在句子中作“主句动作发生的原因”。也就是说，只有在这种情况下才可以用now that引导从句，表示“既然”。）

Since you’re so interested in English,why not have a try in the English Speech Contest ?

既然你对英语这么有兴趣，为什么不试一试参加英语演讲比赛？

3）其他表示原因的方式

除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有because of; thanks to; due to; owing to等。

五、让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though（虽然）,although（虽然），even if（即使）, even though（即使）,as(尽管)，while(虽然),whether...or...(无论……还是……),no matter+疑问词（无论）。

1.though或although引导让状语从句。

although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：

He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.

虽然他有许多钱，但他并不幸福。

Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.

尽管雨下的很大，但他们仍在继续踢足球。

注：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：

He said he would come；he didn’t though.他说他会来，可是他没有来。

2.当as作“尽管，虽然”的意思讲引导让步状语从句时，从句往往放在主句的前面，而且用作让步的部分（表语、状语或动词原形）总是提前到句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：

Child as he is，he knows a lot.

尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。

Old as he is,he is still energetic.

尽管他老了，却依然精力充沛。（表语作为让步的内容，因此提前了。）

Try as he might,he couldn’t solve the problem.

尽管他很努力了，但还是无法解决这个问题。(谓语提前了）

Much as you suspected him,you couldn’t provide powerful evidence.

虽然你非常怀疑他，但是你却无法提供有力的证据。（状语作为让步的内容，因此提前了。）

3.whether...or（不管……）

疑问词+ ever与no matter+疑问词（不管……，无论……）。however（不管怎样）,whatever（无论什么）,whoever（无论谁）。no matter when(how,what,who,where,which）无论何时（怎样，什么，谁，何地，哪个）等。如：

Air exists everywhere although we can’t see it.

尽管我们看不见空气，但它却无处不存在。

No matter where you go on the earth,you will feel the gravity.

无论你走到地球的什么地方，你都会感觉到地引力。

We’ll start our meeting on time whether he comes or not.

无论他来不来，我们将准时开会。

Even if we are approaching the end of the experiment,we still have no time to lose.

即使我们即将完成试验，我们依然要分秒必争。

注：whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：

You can take whatever you like.你可以拿任何你所喜欢的东西。

六、方式状语从句

常用的引导词有as（如同，按照）,as if（似乎，仿佛）,as though（似乎，仿佛）等。如：

He speaks English almost as a native speaker does.

他的英文几乎说得如讲英语母语的人一样。

He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.

他讲英文的样子似乎像说英语母语的人。

She looked unwell as though she got a bad cold.她看上去身体不适好像患有重感冒。

In this reading room you can read anything as everyone does here.

在这间阅览室里，你可以像这儿的每个人一样想看什么就看什么。

要点提示：as if或as though引导的方式状语从句中，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气。关于这一点也取决于说话人的态度、看法。如：

It gets darker and darker in the sky as if it’s going to rain.

天越来越暗了似乎要下雨了。（表示真实情况，是直陈语气）

She speaks as if she knew everything in the world.

她说话的样子仿佛似她懂得天下事。（表示非真实情况，是虚拟语气）

七、目的状语从句

常用的引导词有so that（以便，为了）,in order that（为了）,lest（以免，以防）,in case（以免，以防）,for fear（以免，以防）等。如：

We should do our utmost in order that we may be able to over fulfill the task.

为了超额完成任务，我们应该全力以赴。

You’d better leave your phone number,so that I can call you before I come next time.

你最好将电话号码留给我，以便我下次来之前可以先给你打个电话。

Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity leaks away.

电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。

要点提示：

在目的状语从句中，我们可以将这些引导目的状语从句的连词so that,in order that，lest,in case,for fear分作为两大部分：

表示肯定——so that,in order that是“为了使……发生(目的是……，为的是……)”。

表示否定——lest,in case,for fear是“为了使……不发生（以免，以防）”。

另外，在表示否定的目的状语从句中，谓语动词往往用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”两种虚拟句式。如：

He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.他带了雨伞，以防下雨。

I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.

我给你留个座，没准你会改变主意。

八、结果状语从句

1.常用的引导词有that（结果，以至），so that（结果，以至），so...that（如此……以至）,such...that（如此……以至）等。如：

The temperature is increased so that the volume of gas becomes greater.

温度升高了气体的体积就增大了。

The mountain is so high that she can’t climb it up to the top.

那座山太高了，她无法登上山顶。

It is such a lovely day that everybody feels happy and gay.

天气这么好，人人都感到高兴、快乐。

注：1)so...that和such...that都是引导结果状语从句的从属连词，它们都表示“如此……以至”，但其要求的句型结构不一样。

如：He ran so fast that his brother couldn’t catch up with him.

他跑得太快了，他弟弟赶不上他。

He is such a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood.

他是那么个调皮的孩子，以至在邻里中不受欢迎。

She looks so lovely that everybody can’t help taking a look at her when passing her by.她生得太可爱了，从她身边经过的人都忍不住要看她一眼。

2)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：

So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.

他是如此聪明以至于他能解出所有的难题。

2.除结果状语从句外，too...to...(太……而不能……)，enough to...(能够……)，so...as to...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：

他起床晚了，结果误了车。

He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.

=He got up too late to catch the bus.

=He got up so late as to miss the bus.

九、比较状语从句

常用的引导词有than（比……）,as...as（如……一样……）,“the +比较级...,the+比较级...”（越……越……）等。如：

He is taller than his brother.他比他弟弟个高一些。

The more they discover about the brain,the more questions they can’t answer in that area.他们越多地发现有关人脑的情况，他们就有越多的问题无法回答。

要点提示：

有关比较状语的问题请看前面“形容词与副词的比较级和最高级”一章。这里只提醒一个关于比较状语从句的问题。那就是：than和as...as中的第二个as都是连词，后面若是人称代词，常用主格形式。如：

Her mother is not as tall as she（is）.她妈妈没有她个高。

I don’t think that he is taller than I.我并不认为他比我个高。

十、状语从句中的省略

1.若从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常省去从句的主语和系动词be而保留其余部分。如：

While (she was) very young，she began to study English.

她很小的时候就开始学英语。

2.若从句主语是it，动词是系动词be,则通常省去主语it及系动词be而保留其余部分。如：

Everything went on better than (it had been) expected.一切进展得比预料的要好。

3.若从句中部分内容与主句中的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省略。如：

She has no money.If (she has) any，she will give us.

她没钱，如果有的话，她会给我们的。

【考点诠释】

考点1 状语从句的时态

高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如：

①He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book．他说他写完这本书后会去日本度假。

②Even if it snows tomorrow，the performance won’t be called off．即使明天下雪，演出也不会取消。

考点二 状语从句的结构

高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句，如no matter+疑问词；whatever，however，as引导的让步状语从句；“the+比较级…，the+比较级”中的比较状语从句等。如：

①The harder you work，the better your studies will be．你学习越努力，功课就越好。

②No matter what serious difficulties he met with，he could always overcome them．不管碰到多么可怕的困难，他总能克服。

考点3 状语从句的省略

在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”，也可以省略it is。如：

①Once printed，this dictionary will be very popular．一旦出版，这本词典会非常畅销。(once后省去了it is)

②Do not leave the building until instructed to do SO．接到指示后才可离开这幢房子。(until后省去了you are)

考点4 从属连词的选择和辨析

高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导时间状语从句的immediately，the moment，every time，once；引导条件状语从句的as long as；引导原因状语从句的now that，since；引导让步状语从句的even if，even though；引导目的状语从句的in case，in order that等。如：

①We hadn’t met for 20 years，but I recognized him the moment I saw him．我们已经有20年没见面了，可是我一见到他就认出他来了。(时间状语从句)

②We should bring a knife in case that there ale any dangerous animals there．我们应当带把刀，以防那儿有什么危险动物。(目的状语从句)

考点5 where引导地点状语从句

要注意where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如：

①The flower grows best where it often rains．这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)

②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains．这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)

Exercise：

1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.

A. Though B. Since C. For D. So

2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?

---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.

A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be

3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.

A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help

C. will fall; help D. falls; helping

4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.

A. what B. which C. where D. who

5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.

A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming

6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.

A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after

7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.

A. when B. that C. until D. because

8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.

A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was

9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make.

A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest

C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less

10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to paly.

A. before B. after C. when D. while

11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.

A. which B. that C. where D. though

13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.

A. for B. so that C. because D. in order

14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.

A. because B. as C. if D. since

15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.

A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day

C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day

16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.

A. such B. so C. too D. very

17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if

18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.

A. So long as B. In order that

C. No matter how D. The moment

20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.

A. will get B. get C. getting D. got

21. No matter how hard he worked, ________.

A. he could not do any better B. and he could not do any better

C. so he could not do any better D. but he could not do any better

22. The Italian boy was regarded as a hero ________he gave his life for his country.

A. according to B. because of C. on account of D. because

23. He was about to leave my house ________it began to rain.

A. while B. as C. when D. since

24. Ten minutes earlier, ________we could have caught the last train.

A. or B. but C. and D. so

25. ________you do, try your best.

A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However

26. ________, he has been dead for two months.

A. Believe it or not B. If you believe it or not

C. Whether believe or not D. You believe it or not

27. ________there were no buses, they had to walk to the cinema.

A. While B. For C. Unless D. As

28. ________he is easy to get along with, I decide to share the room with him.

A. Now that B. Since that C. Because of D. For which

29. China has a larger population ________.

A. than that America B. as America C. than America D. than that of America

30. He succeeded in getting the gold medal ________.

A. as expecting B. than expected C. than expecting D. as expected

【练习答案】

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 21—30. ADCCC ADACD

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