Part 2 Grammar ------The use of “it” (1)
预习案
一、It 作为代词
1) I bought a new book. It’s written by a famous writer.
It 指代是的上文提到的______________.
2) Look at the baby. It wakes up smiling. It 指代是的上文提到的_________________.
3) Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be? It 代替的是__________________
4) It’s December 1st. It 指的是________________________
5) It’s a beautiful day here. It 指的是________________________
6) It’s half an hour’s walk to the city center. It 指的是________________________
7) It was very quiet in the cafe. It 指的是________________________
二、It作为引导词
1）It isn’t easy to stop smoking.
It 是形式____________代替真正的主语__________________________
2）It’s no use learning English without speaking.
It 是形式____________代替真正的主语__________________________
3）It was amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
It 是形式____________代替真正的主语__________________________
4）The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.
It 是形式____________代替真正的宾语__________________________
5）She thought it no use arguing with him.
It 是形式____________代替真正的宾语__________________________
6）I think it best that you should do more exercises.
It 是形式____________代替真正的宾语__________________________
探究案
一、一起探究It作形式主语的常用句型。
1）It is important that we should learn English well.
2）It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
3）It is a pity that you miss the exciting football match.
以上例句可以归纳为:
1）It +be +______________+___________从句
2）It +be +______________+___________从句；这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等
3）It +be +______________+___________从句；这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等
4) It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
It happened that I was out when he called.
归纳句型：4）It+______________+主语从句。
5) It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.
归纳句型：It + be +_____________+(for sb)+_______________ ；这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，译为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”
6) It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.
It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.
归纳句型：It + be +____________+ of sb. + _______________；这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。
7) It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
归纳句型：It + be +___________ + ________________；常用于此句型的名词有pity, honour, shame, wonder
8) It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use/useless arguing about the matter with him.
归纳句型：It + be +名词或形容词+ ________________；常用于此结构的名词和形容词有good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等
2、一起探究it作形式宾语的常用句式。
1) We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 2）He felt it important learning English well. 3）They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
以上句式的结构是： 主语+谓语动词+__________+________或________(作宾补）+___________________或_______________或_________________(作真正的宾语）;这类结构中，常用的谓语动词有think, feel find, consider, believe, make等.
3、特别提醒
在英语中，某些动词（短语）不能直接跟宾语从句，须先接it作形式宾语，然后再把真正的宾语置后。
（1）常用的这类动词有：like, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, dislike, hate, take, have, owe等，它们构成“动词+it when/if 从句”结构，例如：
1）We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.
要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。
2）I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.
要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。
（2）某些含有介词的动词短语如see to（负责，确保）, depend on, rely on， answer for（负担；担保）, insist on（坚持）,take it for granted(认为......理所当然）等后面接that从句时，须用it作形式宾语。如：
1）I'll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我将负责按时做好一切准备。
2）You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。
训练案
1、用适当的代词填空并说出它们的语法功能。
1. Where is my dictionary? I left ______________here just now.
2. You have helped me a lot. I will never forget ___________.
3. The baby is crying. ____________might be hungry.
4. __________ is very noisy in the room.
5. ___________ is important for us to master the skills of computers.
6. I feel ___________ necessary to learn English every day.
7. ___________ is still a question who can be in charge of the key project.
8. He didn’t make __________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
9. I like _________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
10. Tom has got the first prize in the maths contest. _________ is no wonder that he looks so happy today.
2、选择正确的词填空。
1. It’s no good ________ (eat, eating) too much chocolates.
2.It’s not dangerous ________ (to help, helping) AIDS patients in a proper way.
3. It’s unbelievable _______ (that, since) he spends all his money on alcohol.
4. It’ll give me great stress ________ (to finish, finishing) this experiment in two days.
5. Take a bus. It’s too dark and far away for pregnant woman like you ______ (to walk, walking) home.
6. It’s very common _______ (that, as) adolescents like to try new things.
7. It’s believed _______ (because, that) smoking does terrible damage to heart and lungs.
8. It is not yet decided _______ (whether, that) he will be sent to the drug rehabilitation center or not.
9. It is said ______ (that, which) there has been an earthquake in Japan.
10. It was nearly midnight _____ (when, how) she came back.
三、完成句子
1.______________ ____________ _____________ ______________(据报道）a heavy earthquake hit the area yesterday.
2.____________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ___________ _____________ ____________（花费你多长时间）to get here by air?
3._____________ ___________ ____________ _________ (他们表明）to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.
4._____________ _____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ (这是第6次）that she has rung me today.
5.____________ ____________ ___________ _______________(已经5年了）since I began to
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