Unit 1
---with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep---with shingle-shavings enough around to show what broken them down.
----藤条椅子翘起来，靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下遮着脸，打着瞌睡---他们身边有许多木瓦刨花，这足以说明消木瓦把他们累坏了。
two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the “levee”, a pile of “skids” on the slop of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them;
两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上散置着，石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”， 镇上的流浪汉就在这木堆近旁酣睡着。
Two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them
码头上端有两三只平底木船，可是，水浪拍打着这些船只的柔和声音却没有人倾听。
The “point” above the town, the “point” below, bounding the river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one.
镇子上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”划分了河面的景色，把瞬间流淌的河水变成一种大海的景色，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静。
the paddle-boxes are gorgeous with a picture or with a gilded rays above the boat’s name; the boiler deck, the hurricane deck, and the texas deck are fenced and ornamented with clean white railing;
浆轮壳也漂亮非凡，那上面绘着图画，还在船名之上绘了一些金色的光带；锅炉甲板，顶层甲板，和上层甲板周围都配有干净的白栏杆。
They lapsed into a humble silence, and learned to disappear when the ruthless “cub” –engineer approached.
他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠“崽子” 走过来时他们就知道赶快躲开。
But when he came home next week…. It seemed to us that the partiality of Providence for an undeserving reptile had reached a point where it was open to criticism.
但是下个星期他居然活着回家了，并且还出了名，浑身带伤，绑着绷带在教堂出现，成了个出风头的英雄，人人都注视着他，对他感到惊异，这时候我们就觉得老天 （上帝）对一个毫无价值的坏蛋的偏爱似乎是到了一种应受批评的地步了。
I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks
在圣路易斯那个长长的码头上，有许多船像沙丁鱼似的挤在一起停靠着，我胆怯地走到几条船上去，低声下气地探寻船上的领航员，可是大副和职员们都对我摆出爱理不理的样子,几句话就把我给打发走了。
I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks.
圣路易斯那个很长的码头上有许多船像沙丁鱼似的挤在一起停靠着，我胆怯地走到几条船上去，低声下气地探寻船上的领航员，可是大幅和船员们都对我摆出爱理不理的样子，几句话就把我给打发了。
I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.
我对他们这种态度，暂时只好极力容忍，可是我对将来却做着聊以自慰的白日梦，满心希望日后自己成为一个伟大的、受人尊敬的领航员，能有许多的钱，可以把这些大副和船员杀掉几个，出钱偿命了事。
Unit 2
. “It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth.” acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts on the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后，那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。”
The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living) with exuberant claims that the internet will prevent wars, ….
然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注在因特网上。整个网络行业的专家们曾用极端的论调（美妙的语言）迷住公众（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）声称因特网可以阻止战争
“Nation shall speak peace unto nation,” ran the fine motto of Britain’s BBC World Service. Sadly, Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically pacific force once and for all
“国与国之间将和平相见，” 这是英国BBC电台全球广播 使用的一句很好的标语，可悲的是卢旺达电台并不认为收音机生来就是一劳永逸的和平力量。
Ordering groceries online and having them delivered means that, if the logistics are handled efficiently, one truck journey can replace dozens of families’ separate car trips.
网上订购和送货上门意味着如果物流部门安排得当，那么用卡车运一趟便能代替多个家庭分别开车购物了。
And it is more efficient to read documents online only if doing so replaces, rather than adds to the amount of printed bumf.
如果网上读文章可以取代而不是增加大量无聊的印刷品，那它才是更有效的。
The construction of vast “server farms” -----warehouses full of computers and their attendant cooling systems-----has contributed to the overloading of the electrical power network that has caused brown-outs in Silicon Valley.
建设好一个规模宏大的“服务器场区”-----摆满计算机及其辅助冷却设备的库房-----已经导致电力网络的超负荷运转，这种状况已经引起了硅谷地区的用电紧张。
A computer programmer in Bangalore or Siberia can use the Internet to work ……at the other end of the cable.
一位在班加罗尔或是西伯利亚的电脑编程人员，在足不出户的情况下，可以用因特网为一家在西雅图的微软公司工作，并能期望得到一份与在网络另一端工作的虚拟同事们相近的收入。
Unit 3
Wind-blown sand in the Sahara can be so fierce that it will sandblast the paint off a car or aeroplane.
撒哈拉沙漠的沙暴也非常凶猛，几乎能将一辆汽车或飞机上的油漆喷掉。
Unit4
This is the well-known result of overworking your muscles to the point where metabolic waste product---carbon dioxide and lactic acid----accumulate in your blood and say your strength.
这是人们所熟知的由于肌肉过多运动而产生的新陈代谢物——二氧化碳和乳酸——在血液里积累并耗尽体力的结果。
Fatigue may represent a defense mechanism that prevents you from having to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job
疲劳可以是一种防御/保护机制， 阻碍你去正视你感到压抑的真正原因，比如你厌恶你的工作。
It is also your body’s safety valve for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage.
疲劳也是你体内的安全阀，用以表达压抑情绪上的烦恼，比如你感到陷进了一个不能发挥作用的工作或者一个不幸的婚姻。
They’re so busy distracting themselves or just worrying about being tired that they don’t recognize their depression,
他们根本不去注意自己的情绪，或者说他们只担心自己的疲劳，以至于没有意识到自己的抑郁症。
Don’t overextend yourself, trying to climb the ladder of success at a record pace or to meet everyone’s demands or expectations.
不要使自己承担过多的事情，不要竭力以最快的步伐攀登成功的阶梯，或者去满足每个人的需要和期望。
The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; “getting away form it all” for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.
“做一些不同的事情”的原则也适用于放假；“完全远离工作一周、两周或更长时间会令你恢复活力，有助于你正确地处理事情，并且使你休假回来后更能从容地工作。
Unit 5
In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
在科技更发达的社会里， 童年和青少年时期往往大大延长，结果儿童就有更多的受教育的机会，儿童性格的发展就更多样性。
Parents can ascertain what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or, less reliably, since the sample is smaller, by comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children.
父母可以通过阅读某些儿童教育领域的科技知识图书，也可以通过与有孩子的亲朋好友比较抚养孩子的记录，来弄清孩子的体格发育、正常的智力和社交能力的发展是否正常，尽管后者由于实例较少而不如前者获得的知识更具可靠性。
For example, they will need specific suggestions for problems such as speech defects or backwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions.
例如, 怎样帮助孩子克服语言缺陷、如何解决孩子学走路较晚或者控制身体功能方面的问题，这时他们需要的是具体的建议。
A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy” but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books.
要允许孩子享受“脏”， 这是孩子探索世界的触摸阶段，而后在给孩子一些玩具和图书，这些东西给孩子身体带来的快乐比较少。
Where one stage of child development has been left out or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it.
孩子缺少某一个成长阶段或者没有充分地经历这个阶段，他有可能重新经历这个阶段来获取欠缺的经历。
This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.
实际上，这个准侧适用在儿童发展中障碍问题的心理疗法，也是儿童诊所的基础。
If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands.
如果这个孩子感到他周围的世界很温暖而友好，他就会慢慢接受这种教育，使自己的行为与这种要求相吻合
If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they have been to some extent deceived.
如果他们口是心非，言行不一，孩子就会变得无所适从，没有安全感，甚至在某种程度上有一种被欺骗的感觉。
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion.
孩子突然意识到父母的道德与言行之间存在明显的差距，孩子就会失望，那是非常危险的。
Unit 6
• Service learning not only enriches the traditional course content by giving the student an opportunity to “test” or “demonstrate” abstract theory in the real world, it also improves the quality of the service being performed by giving it an intellectual underpinning. (P3-L9)
• 通过给学生提供机会，使学生能在现实社会中“验证”或“证明”抽象的理论，服务性学习课程不仅丰富传统的教学内容，而且有理论（为）依据（以知识为基础），提高了社会服务质量.
• Service learning must be implemented in any number of academic fields. For example, students enrolled in psychology class could conduct counseling, mentoring or drug education for at-risk school children. (P4-L1)
• 在任何一个学术领域中，“社会服务学习”都能够推广/实施起来。例如，学心理学的学生就可以为那些处于危险状态的中小学生提供咨询、指导和戒毒教育的服务。
Properly designed service learning courses relate the community service experience to the course material and require that students reflect on their experiences through writings, discussions, or class presentations. .(P3-L7)
设计合理的服务学习课程把社区服务经历同课堂内容联系在一起，并要求学生以书面、讨论或课堂发言的形式对自己的经历进行思考。
Translate :
我们正在寻求献身此工作的人。（对此工作尽职尽责的人）
We are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to (who has a commitment to)/who will do his duty to/is responsible for/devoted to the job.
Empty love consists of the commitment component without intimacy or passion.
无情无义的爱情由义务构成,而没有亲密和激情.
Further, during college, student participants were much more likely than non-participants to strengthen their commitment to the following life goals: promoting racial understanding, participating in community action programs, and influencing social values.(P5-L8)
在大学期间，参加社会服务的学生比那些不参加社会服务的学生更有可能加强他们在下列生活目标上的奉献意识：促进种族间的理解、参加社区行动计划项目和影响社会价值观念.
Perhaps the most commonly voiced objection to volunteer participation during the under-graduate year is that it consumes time and energy that the student might otherwise devoted to “academic” pursuits. This argument has been laid to rest by results of our longitudinal analyses, which reveal significant positive effects on all ten academic outcomes included in the study.(P6-L1)
反对在大学期间自愿参加社会服务的最普遍的呼声也许是认为社会服务占去了学生的时间和精力，否则，学生会用这些时间和精力去做学术研究。这一争论已随着我们纵向分析结果的出现而平息。因为分析结果表明10门学习成绩都受到社会服务显著的正面影响.
How service learning affects students’ life skills?
Greater positive changes in eight outcomes
---understanding community problems
---Knowledge of different races/cultures
---Acceptance of different races/cultures
---interpersonal skills
---understanding the nation’s social problems
---the ability to work cooperatively
---skills in conflict resolution
---the ability to think critically
Three Positive effects in real world
1. Offering leadership opportunity and greater increase in social self-confidence and leadership ability.
2. Relevance of coursework to everyday life
3. Preparation for future career
Unit11
1. Absolute ruler have, as a rule, made etiquette more complicated rather than simpler. The purpose is not only to make the ruler seem almost godlike, but also to protect him from familiarity, for without some such protection his life, lived inevitable in the public eye, would be intolerable. （P2-L1）
通常情况下， 专制的君主都把礼仪变得更为复杂。其目的不仅仅在于神化自己，而且他们想通过超凡脱俗来巩固自己的神圣地位， 因为没有这种保护，要在众人瞩目之下生活将不堪承受。
2.A crowd watched him dress, but only the Duke who was his first valet de chambre（贴身男仆）was allowed to hold out the right sleeve of his shirt, only the prince（贵族)who was his Grand Chamberlain（首席内侍）could relieve him of his dressing gown, and only the Master of the Wardrobe（服装总管）might help him pull up his breeches（马裤）. （P3-L3）
国王在众臣面前穿衣服，只有作为他贴身男仆的公爵才有资格伺候他穿内衣，担任国王首席内侍的贵族为他脱晨衣，服装总管为他穿上马裤。
3.Rules of etiquette may prevent embarrassment and even serious disputes. The general rule of social precedence is that people of greater importance precede those of less importance. （P4-L1）
礼节可以避免尴尬，甚至防止争执。在正式社交场合中，一般规则是大人物在前，小人物在后。
precedence n. 领先； 优先权，级别高低， 位次
4.In sixteen-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. （P6-L1）
wane vi. & n.衰落； （月）亏， 结束；暗淡
在16世纪的意大利和18世纪的法国，随着财富的日益减少， 社会动荡的不断加剧，贵族们为确保自己的统治地位便利用礼仪作为屏障与大众及中产阶级保持距离。
5.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.
典雅生活培养起来的文雅举止是富足安逸阶层特有的，该阶层还承认妇女与男子享有平等的社会地位。罗马帝国灭亡后，12世纪法国的普罗旺斯根据复杂的礼仪规范私人生活中的行为，它是欧洲第一个这样做的地区。
6.The lords had returned to their castles from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicated his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. （P11-L1）
普洛斯旺的贵族们在完成十字军东征后回到他们的城堡，一种理想的骑士风度也随之在该地区逐步形成和传播开来，它提倡妇女的温柔和美德，要求骑士为自己钟爱的女士表达一种纯真献身的爱。这位女士鼓舞他奋进，他可以为她赴汤蹈火，尽管他永远也不可能和他有身体上的接触。
7.This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. （P11-L5）
而且这种浪漫式的爱情在今天的流行歌曲一些廉价的小说中仍然存在，但被庸俗化了。
Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. （P13-L2）
对老人和弱者的关心、避免对他人不必要的冒犯和伤害是各地区各社会阶层自上而下所奉行的宗旨。
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