2. Comprehension and Choice of Words
0. Japanese army killed thousands of innocent people after the battle. / Three men were killed in the accident. / I killed the light and sat in the dark. / On her first stage appearance she killed her audience. / I’m reading this book just to kill time. / The addition of the wrong color totally killed the portrait. / I was determined to finish the job even if it killed me. / These plants may kill in winter.
1. Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level1) Word-for-word Correspondence：
Marxism / Aspirin / London / computer / 豆腐 / 筷子/功夫 / 太极拳
2) One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning wife / House / Moon / Uncle / 家 / 人
3) One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meaning carry / president / modest / chair / 走 / 羊
4) Equivalents Interwoven with One Another
say, speak, talk, tell → 说，讲，谈 ； 许多→ 5) Words Without Equivalents
clock-watcher / heddo / 阴 / 阳 / （目不识）丁 / 菩萨保佑 /谋事在人，成事在天
2. Methods to Discriminate the Original Meaning of an English Word
1) overwork, bottleneck, dropout, oversleep, overhead, lightyear, and bookstore;
Mindlessness, togetherness, Microwave, prehistory, postwar, superstar, speaker; brunch and motel; aids, SARS and VIP; exam and bike.
2) He [The father] sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.
Health is above wealth, for this cannot give us so much happiness as that.
I hate blue shirt; white shirt suits me but gray is the most preferable.
3) He is the last person for such a job. / He should be the last person to blame.
This method worked very well. // It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many wonders in the past few decades.
Drug culture; moral culture; work culture; child-free culture; beauty culture; non-meat culture; primitive culture
4) A porter is a baggage carrier. // Flies and mosquitoes are carriers of infectious diseases.
The solder glass is in a powdered form and is suspended in a liquid carrier for ease and accuracy of application.
Before work you must carefully check whether flat tool is fastened on the tool carrier.
The pilot landed his plane on the aircraft carrier.
3. Something need the translators’ attention in expression:
3.1. Spelling and new words:
He spoke in such a manner as to offend his mother.
It wasn’t manners to make too many inquires into others’ affairs.
Considerate/ considerable/ considering; custom/customs
Channel-surf; taikonaut; Fuwa; Blog; texters, Cyber café(fiction; love; -interaction)
3.2. Diction on the Stylistics of the Original Text
A melody is heard, played upon a flute. It is small and fine, telling of grass and trees and the horizon.
The dust, the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos.
＊＊赏析：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Of Studies, Francis Bacon)
读书能给人乐趣，文雅和能力。（廖运范）/读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。（王楫）/ 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。（王佐良）
Scarlett O’ hara was not beautiful, but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were.
＊＊赏析：--“Is this his design in settling here?”
-- “Design? Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as possible.”
译1：”他住到这儿来，就是为了这个打算吗？”
“打算？胡扯，这是哪儿的话！不过，他到作兴看中我们的某一个女儿呢！他一搬来，你就得拜访拜访他。”
译2：”这就是他居住到这里的意图吗？”
“意图？废话，你怎么能这么说话？但他的确很有可能爱上我们女儿当中的一个。这就是说，他一到这边来，你就必须拜访他。”
3.3. Color of the Words
hairdresser: beautician // an old man: a senior person // developing: undeveloped
he was a man of high renown/fame. His notoriety as a rake didn’t come until his death.
As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion broke out.
As luck would have it, it was raining on the day of picnic.
Ambitious politician/ ambitious statesman.
3.4. Cultural Backgrounds
DIY; DINK; meet one’s waterloo; beard the lion in his den…..
The joke you told us is as old as Adam.
John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.
Sometimes a person who presents himself as kind and gentle can in private turn out to be a dragon.
3.5. Idiomatic Phrases
brain drain Last term I read ten simplified English novels, all told.
The boy was not all there but his parents refuse to have him committed to an institution.
He was proud like anything. Is it anything like mine?
3.6. Some English Words without Chinese Equivalents
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
But for all the modesty of her spreading skirts, the demureness of hair netted smoothly into a chignon and the quietness of small white hands folded in her lap, her true self was poorly concealed. // He halted in the district where by night are found the lightest street, hearts, vows and librettos. // Yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who really deserves of all the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband.
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