Unit 1 Human based Strategy
a.(1)astute敏锐的(2)ignite点燃(3)enthusiasm(4)turnover(5)transaction(6)interact with
(7)come into contact with(8)empower授权(9)superior优秀的(10)drop out退出
b.(1)emulate--imitate(2)dedicated--devoted(3)encompass--include(4)inception--beginning
(5)competence--ability(6)compliment--praise(7)skyrocket--rise suddenly
(8)buck--resist(9)regardless of--in spite of(10)reach out to--give help to
3.(1)motivated(2)selecting(3)retain(4)relied(5)differentiated(6)recruited(7)adaptability
(8)prospective(9)require(10)efficiently(11)comprehensive(12)challenge(13)survived
(14)rate(15)tripled(16)generous(17)financial(18)reveal(19)premium(20)morale
4.a.(1)The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math,science and engineering,and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.
(2)Upon returning to England,he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.
(3)Owning to the nature of every growing business,you will need to be on the go constantly,and also be on the go prepared to work shift work,including nights and weekends.
(4)In Australia,gasoline prices have retreated,although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.
(5)The Asian economy has presented a positive trend.Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development.Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.
(6)China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy,but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.
(7)The growing quantity of information,couple with the development of technologies,erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.
(8)The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour,whatever he does,whoever he is.
b.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
Unit 2 Higher Education
a.(1)recipient接受者(2)apprenticeships学徒期(3)dissertation论文(4)tenure终身职位
(5)adjunct附属的(6)mentor指导者(7)perpetuate保持(8)unattainable做不到的
(9)taint污染(10)shrunk（shrink）收缩
b.(1)endowment--donation(2)devour--swallow吞下(3)get through--finish off
(4)mandatory--obligatory(5)waived--cancelled(6)stringent--strict(7)hang on--go on
(8)arcane--difficult(9)portrayed--described(10)exacerbated--worsened
3.(1)limited(2)program(3)in(4)receiving(5)found(6)but(7)between(8)closed(9)While(10)practice
(11)grind(12)often(13)among(14)which(15)opportunities(16)enrollment(17)who
(18)turn(19)other(20)like
4.a.(1)Rising oil prices are typically negative for corporate profits since they boost expenses and eat into consumers’ discretionary income.
(2)And it follows from this,Hobbes believes,that the sovereign has the right to decide what opinions,what books,what ideas are conducive to peace and which ones aim simply to stir up war and discontent?
(3)Researchers in Germany say that a cancer fighting substance found in hops could be enhanced to brew a special anticancer beer.
(4)A fabled bird,identified with the kingfisher,was supposed to have the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea during the winter solstice.
(5)Bicyclists often ride as though two wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws.
(6)The instructor should not rebuke the girl student for her small mistake in front of all classmates.Given that she is inexperienced,she has done a good job.
(7)From a broader perspective,higher attrition rate would affect the development of the industry as a whole.So the necessity is to shorten the apprenticeship.
(8)I have to level with you because I don’t want any misunderstanding between us,so how can you justify spending so much money?
b.比如,英语文学专业一年级和二年级博士生可能不会面对像他们的医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进行的竞争,但是以后有更持久而艰苦的工作等待着他们。博士生不仅被要求掌握一系列广泛的知识,而且要在本研究领域撰写一本几乎像书一样厚的学位论文,依据学科的不同,有的可能最终被搁置一旁,就像埃普索泻盐的商标被贴在药箱的后面一样泰然自若。这些学生必须通过拼凑各种补助金和工钱来获得他们的生活费用,这些工钱是他们帮助教授本科生的课程所赚取的,但也占用了他们的研究时间。三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼模糊,但干这种工作至少是在为取得学位而努力。
Unit 3 Cyberspace Network
a.(1)derail违背(2)hype大肆宣传(3)spamming发送(4)nascent初期的(5)simulate
(6)parlance用语(7)weaponry武器(8)unplug拔去插头(9)hostage人质(10)civilians平民
b.(1)imminent--impending迫切的(2)dismantle--cancel(3)murky--gloomy黑暗的
(4)brim--fill(5)suspicious--distrustful(6)vulnerable--weak(7)flimsy--fragile脆的
(8)veteran--experienced(9)adversary--opponent(10)malicious--hostile敌对的
3.(1)attack(2)disruption(3)described(4)assaults(5)traced(6)authorized(7)identified
(8)sophistication(9)rogue(10)intrusion(11)demonstrate(12)issue(13)ultimate
(14)eventual(15)launch(16)offensive(17)analysis(18)security(19)investigation(20)shined
4.a.(1)Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything.
(2)The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country.
(3)They’re so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to get anyone to watch them.
(4)What’s worse,there are those who would unleash malicious network attacks designed to exploit these hidden vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within.
(5)The change of the government’s interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.
(6)This shows true leadership,sustained vision,and solid commitment.They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety.
(7)How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem.
(8)But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate.
b.为什么这些在军事领域里被认为是“计算机网络攻击”的策略没有被更广泛地运用？尽管互联网带来了巨大的变化,但它并没有使悠久的战争规律变得过时或毫不相关。比如,按照军事惯例要求在攻击时区分平民和军事目标。在既相互分离又相互连接的网络空间里,这个要求并不容易满足:在网络攻击敌人的手机塔时,也会影响到平民目标。在2008年美军决定解散一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。这个由CIA创立的论坛本来是用来收集情报的,但是却越来越被圣战分子用来计划对伊拉克的攻击。这次解散不经意间造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300多台服务器的中断。网络攻击当然不具备外科手术的精确性,且对平民的伤害很难避免。军事指挥官们不想因战争罪受到审判，即使这些犯罪是通过网络进行的。
Unit 4 Love and Marriage
a.(1)encapsulate概述(2)proclaim宣告(3)companionable友善的(4)respectability名望
(5)intrinsically本质地(6)justification(7)contractual合同的(8)exclusivity排外性
(9)gratifying悦人的(10)flexibility灵活性
b.(1)constraint--restraint限制(2)forgo--relinquish放弃(3)dissolve--break up取消
(4)novelty--originality新奇(5)perpetual--permanent永久的(6)incentive--stimulus激励
(7)terminate--end(8)habituation--adaptation(9)commitment--pledge保证(10)tether--fasten
3.(1)equation(2)temporarily(3)how(4)back(5)version(6)or(7)problem(8)trap(9)into
(10)presents(11)romantic(12)insane(13)letdown(14)what(15)last(16)though
(17)marketed(18)wooed(19)caring(20)and
4.a.(1)Potential investors exploring more promising areas,such as low carbon energy and infrastructure,are stymied because of the lack of a clear policy framework.
(2)Fortunately,most managers welcome such initiative,and they are increasingly willing to give their employees more responsibility,autonomy,and authority in their jobs.
(3)We are offering a package deal which includes the whole office computer system,staff training and hardware maintenance.
(4)Although this so called continuous speech recognition approach has indeed improved accuracy,it is by no means infallible.
(5)This is a concrete illustration of what we mean by one and the same thing having two contradictory aspects.
(6)Actual demand in a particular year,in particular in the private sector,depends on the economic factors and the commercial decisions of developers and consumers.
(7)If you ever need a blood transfusion,it’s important that you only receive blood compatible with your own type.
(8)Therefore,the Europeanization of Chinese does not stem from an internal force,but rather originates from an external pressure.
b.现代社会,大多数由于解除婚姻关系所受的惩罚已经取消,而婚姻关系提供的许多鼓励措施也能在其他的社会结构中获得。因此,选择保持婚姻关系更多的是因为爱的缘故,而不是传统婚姻的一些独特优势,如抚养孩子,提高身份地位和改善经济状况。如果一个人觉得她目前的婚姻状态阻止她感受真挚的爱情,(从她的个人发展和满意度来看)她就没有太多的动力继续维持婚姻关系。事实上,现在许多离婚案件以缺乏爱情作为终止婚姻的理由,这表明爱情在当代婚姻中具有非同寻常的重要性。
Unit 5 Medicine and Illness
a.(1)stranded搁浅(2)hindsight事后(3)vaccine疫苗(4)intertwined缠绕的
(5)transparency透明的(6)grapple with努力克服(7)catch off guard趁虚而入
(8)give more weight to(9)piled up堆放(10)stamp out杜绝
b.(1)gauge--evaluate(2)surveillance--monitoring(3)stem--stop(4)outmoded--outdated
(5)panacea--cure-all万灵药(6)hindrances--obstacles(7)unscathed--unhurt
(8)refers to--means(9)pop up--appear suddenly(10)under way--in progress
3.(1)rather than(2)alone(3)concluded(4)timing(5)varies(6)compared(7)reveal(8)connected
(9)triggering(10)attributed(11)majority(12)counted(13)risk(14)immunity(15)likely
(16)previous(17)adolescents(18)effectively(19)severe(20)dependent
4.a.(1)Some people dub China as“The Bicycle Kingdom”.Yet in the past,you could hardly see anyone from this kingdom in the international cycling events.
(2)The WHO says anyone exposed to the bird flu should be quarantined to avoid contact with sufferers of regular human influenza.
(3)The great“Spanish flu”pandemic of 1918~1919 was considered the worst plague in history,killing up to 40 million people with half of the world’s population infected in only a few months.
(4)The time for talk is over.The time for action is now.Because we know that if we don’t act,a bad situation will become dramatically worse.Crisis could turn into catastrophe for families and businesses across our country.
(5)Called plant factories,these anonymous looking warehouses have sprung up across the whole world and can churn out immaculate looking lettuces and green leaves 24 hours a day,seven days a week.
(6)I think,learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients:persistence,proper ways and good teachers.
(7)Usually,when we put the blame on others,we would be blind of our own mistakes.And if we don’t acknowledge or learn from our own mistakes,chances are high that we are going to repeat them.
(8)To defuse your anger,try a simple stress management technique.Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure:a beautiful scene in nature,someone you love.
b.在甲流疫情刚开始的时候,卫生官员们就已经发现该病毒很容易传染。感染甲流的病例不断地增加,仅仅几个星期,甲流病毒就已经遍布世界的各个角落。但是当研究员们了解甲流是一种新型流感病毒时,当他们得知人类对其还没有免疫力时,当他们发现其传染速度很快时,他们并不能马上估量其是否具有致命性。过去的有些流行病是比较温和的,然而像导致全世界1亿人丧生的1918年流感之类的流感却是例外。毕竟在刚开始,没有任何方法可以去证明甲流病毒会是怎样的一种病毒。
Unit 7 Space Travel
a.(1)habitat栖息地(2)interplanetary行星间的(3)eclipsed黯然失色(4)cosmic宇宙的
(5)countermeasure对策(6)simulate(7)cardiovascular心血管的(8)efficacy(9)harbour藏匿
(10)sterilize消毒
b.(1)appropriate--suitable(2)mitigate--lessen(3)aforementioned--previously mentioned
(4)deflect--redirect使改方向(5)deleterious--harmful(6)hazardous--dangerous(7)stall--stop
(8)conceivably--imaginably(9)in terms of--by way of(10)ultimate--final
3.(1)weakens(2)more(3)minimize(4)women(5)lasted(6)measured(7)between(8)following
(9)never(10)comparing(11)determine(12)found(13)after(14)in(15)faster(16)burden
(17)on(18)as(19)than(20)astronauts
4.a.(1)China’s forestry construction still faces serious problems such as the shortage,low quality and uneven distribution of forest resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment.
(2)After a period of international tension,the two countries are now trying to normalize relations with each other.
(3)A computer can assess in seconds all the combinations of about 10 to 15 moves ahead,but a top champion chess player,given time,may be able to intuitively envisage up to 20 moves or more.
(4)Native trees are low maintenance;they have developed natural against insects and disease over the centuries,and they rarely need pruning or feeding.
(5)New England is bordered on the south and east by the Atlantic Ocean,which ought—one would suppose—to exert the modifying effect on climate.
(6)It is generally recognized that in a rapidly changing world,the role of the school is not only to impart knowledge.What is more important is to develop in our young people an inquisitive mind,communication skills,the quest for knowledge and the skills for mastering new information and learning how to learn.
(7)His love had brought her many beautiful dreams,but now it was casting her into a dark abyss.
(8)We will raise the environmental awareness of the whole society and encourage the public to consciously opt for green consumption and join in activities aimed at improving the ecological environment,in an effort to drastically improve the environmental quality of the capital and build it into an ecological city.
b.探索是进化中的一个重要生存战略。不断扩张的物种的迁徙依赖于对它们近处或远处环境的探索来寻求新的食物来源或安全的居住地。探索也可能由种群数量的压力或环境的改变造成。人类给探索还添加了另外一个理由,即好奇心。这种对未知事物探索的精神需求带领着伟大的欧洲探险者们在十五到十七世纪登上了美洲、澳大利亚和南极。对自然的好奇心同样也是人类探索极地冰冠、攀越险峰和潜入海底深处的驱动力。现在,二十一世纪的最终探索前沿就是太空。
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