综合英语4 Book 4 unit 1

Book 4 Unit 1

Warm up

1. picture discription

2. quotations on thinking

Language study

acquaintance 相识，了解；相识的人，了解的人

1. [ uncountable ] formal knowledge or experience of a particular subject 所知；了解

have a passing/nodding acquaintance with something (= have only slight knowledge or experience of something )

He has a passing acquaintance with a lot of different subjects.

on further/ closer acquaintance formal when you start to know someone or something better

2. [ countable ] someone you know, but who is not a close friend 相识的人，泛泛之交

Register

In everyday English, people usually say someone I know rather than an acquaintance :

I got the job through someone I know .

make sb’s acquaintance formal to meet someone for the first time :

I’m pleased to make your acquaintance. 我非常高兴结识你。

of your acquaintance formal a person of your acquaintance is someone that you know :

a certain lawyer of my acquaintance 我所认识的某个律师

ac‧quaint / əˈkweɪnt / verb [ transitive ] formal

1. be acquainted (with sb.) to know someone, especially because you have met once or twice before 认识（某人）

e.g. I am acquainted with him, but only on a professional basis.

Get/become acquainted (=start to know someone that you have just met)

e.g. I’ll leave you two alone for a while so that you can get better acquainted.

2. be acquainted with sth. formal to know about something, because you have seen it, read it, used it etc. (正式)认识某物；了解某事

e.g. I am not really acquainted with the southern part of the island.

3.acquaint yourself with something to deliberately find out about something 了解（查明）某事 :

She always took the trouble to acquaint herself with the students’ interests. .

4.acquaint somebody with something formal to give someone information about something 告诉某人某事:

You need to acquaint the police with the facts.

an‧guish / ˈæŋɡwɪʃ / noun [ uncountable ] written

mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry :

the anguish of not knowing what had happened to her

— anguished adjective :

an anguished cry for help

T

Bud‧dhis‧m noun [ uncountable ]

a religion of east and central Asia, based on the teaching of Gautama Buddha

— Buddhist noun [ countable ]

— Buddhist adjective

bulge 1 / bʌldʒ / noun [ countable ]

1 a curved mass on the surface of something, usually caused by something under or inside it :

The gun made a bulge under his jacket.

2 a sudden temporary increase in the amount or level of something :

a bulge in the birthrate

— bulgy adjective

bulge 2 ( also bulge out ) verb [ intransitive ]

to stick out in a rounded shape, especially because something is very full or too tight

bulge with

His pockets were bulging with candy.

He fell heavily to the floor, his eyes bulging wide with fear.

com‧pen‧sa‧tion AC / ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃ ə n $ ˌkɑːm- / noun

1 [ uncountable ] money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged

compensation for

compensation for injuries at work

compensation from

She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her property.

in compensation

The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation.

as compensation

The workers were given 30 days’ pay as compensation.

People who are wrongly arrested may be paid compensation .

demand/seek/claim compensation

The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug.

award/grant compensation

The court awarded Jamieson £30,000 compensation.

2 [ uncountable and countable ] something that makes a bad situation better :

One of the few compensations of losing my job was seeing more of my family.

by way of compensation (= in order to make a situation better )

By way of compensation he offered to take her out for a meal.

com‧pen‧sate AC / ˈkɒmpənseɪt $ ˈkɑːm- / verb

1 [ intransitive ] to replace or balance the effect of something bad :

Because my left eye is so weak, my right eye has to work harder to compensate.

compensate for

Her intelligence more than compensates for her lack of experience.

Register

In everyday English, people usually say make up for something rather than compensate for something:

What she lacks in patience she makes up for in determination.

2 [ transitive ] to pay someone money because they have suffered injury, loss, or damage :

the government’s promise to compensate victims of the flood

compensate somebody for something

The firm will compensate workers for their loss of earnings.

con‧fer AC / kənˈfɜː $ -ˈfɜːr / verb ( past tense and past participle conferred , present participle conferring ) formal

1 [ intransitive ] to discuss something with other people, so that everyone can express their opinions and decide on something

confer with

Franklin leant over and conferred with his attorneys.

2 confer a title/degree/honour etc to officially give someone a title etc, especially as a reward for something they have achieved SYN bestow

confer a title/degree/honour etc on/upon

An honorary degree was conferred on him by the University.

— conferment noun [ uncountable and countable ]

.

con‧front / kənˈfrʌnt / verb [ transitive ]

1 if a problem, difficulty etc confronts you, it appears and needs to be dealt with :

The problems confronting the new government were enormous.

be confronted with something

Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice.

2 to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way :

We try to help people confront their problems .

3.（usually passive）to suddenly appear and need to be dealt with 突然面临，遭遇

On my first day at work I was vonfronted with the task of chairing a meeting.

con‧tem‧plate / ˈkɒntəmpleɪt $ ˈkɑːn- / verb

1 [ transitive ] to think about something that you might do in the future SYN consider :

He had even contemplated suicide.

contemplate doing something

Did you ever contemplate resigning?

3 [ intransitive and transitive ] to think about something seriously for a period of time SYN consider :

Jack went on vacation to contemplate his future.

contemplate what/whether/how etc

She sat down and contemplated what she had done.

4 [ transitive ] to look at someone or something for a period of time in a way that shows you are thinking :

He contemplated her with a faint smile.

de‧fi‧cien‧cy / dɪˈfɪʃ ə nsi / noun ( plural deficiencies ) [ uncountable and countable ] formal

1 a lack of something that is necessary SYN shortage

deficiency of

a deficiency of safe play areas for children

iron/vitamin etc deficiency

Some elderly people suffer from iron deficiency in their diet.

2 a weakness or fault in something

deficiency in

There are deep deficiencies in this law.

de‧fi‧cient / dɪˈfɪʃ ə nt / adjective formal

1 not containing or having enough of something :

Women who are dieting can become iron deficient.

deficient in

patients who were deficient in vitamin C

2 not good enough :

Our prisons are our most deficient social service.

im‧ped‧i‧ment / ɪmˈpedəmənt, ɪmˈpedɪmənt / noun [ countable ]

1 a physical problem that makes speaking, hearing, or moving difficult :

a speech impediment

2 a situation or event that makes it difficult or impossible for someone or something to succeed or make progress

impediment to

War is one of the greatest impediments to human progress.

in‧te‧grate AC / ˈɪntəɡreɪt, ˈɪntɪɡreɪt / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]

1 if two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective

integrate (something) into/with something

Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.

Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy.

computers of different makes that integrate with each other

2 to become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or to help someone do this

integrate (somebody) into/with something

We’re looking for people who can integrate with a team.

Many children with learning difficulties are integrated into ordinary schools.

3 especially American English to end the practice of separating people of different races in schools, colleges etc SYN desegregate OPP segregate 取消种族隔离，使获得平等对待

in‧te‧grat‧ed AC / ˈɪntəɡreɪtəd, ˈɪntɪɡreɪtəd / adjective

an integrated system, institution etc combines many different groups, ideas, or parts in a way that works well :

an integrated public transport system

a racially integrated community

in‧teg‧ri‧ty AC / ɪnˈteɡrəti, ɪnˈteɡrɪti / noun [ uncountable ]

1 the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right

personal/professional/political etc integrity

a man of great moral integrity

2 formal the state of being united as one complete thing :

the territorial integrity of the country

lest / lest / conjunction literary

1 in order to make sure that something will not happen :

She turned away from the window lest anyone see them.

2 used to show that someone is afraid or worried that a particular thing might happen

worried/concerned/anxious etc lest ...

He paused, afraid lest he say too much.

She worried lest he should tell someone what had happened.

pro‧fi‧cient / prəˈfɪʃ ə nt / adjective

able to do something well or skilfully

proficient in/at

Martha’s proficient in Swedish.

There’s only one way to become proficient at anything – practice!

a proficient typist

— proficiently adverb

prom‧i‧nent / ˈprɒmənənt, ˈprɒmɪnənt $ ˈprɑː- / adjective

1 important :

a prominent Russian scientist

play a prominent part/role (in something)

Mandela played a prominent role in the early years of the ANC.

The World Cup will have a prominent place on the agenda.

2 something that is in a prominent place is easily seen

prominent place/position

The statue was in a prominent position outside the railway station.

3 something that is prominent is large and sticks out :

a prominent nose

— prominently adverb :

Her photo was prominently displayed on his desk.

stampede 2 verb

1 [ intransitive and transitive ] if a group of large animals or people stampede, they suddenly start running together in the same direction because they are frightened or excited :

a herd of stampeding buffalo

Children came stampeding out of the school doors.

2 be/get stampeded to be made frightened or worried so that you do something too quickly, without thinking enough about it

be/get stampeded into

Don’t get stampeded into any rash decisions.

Text appreciation

Qestions:

1. How are the three statuettes described by the boy and what do they symbolize? What effect do the boy’s descriptions have?

2. Please summarize the characteristics of the three grades of thinking.

Sentence paraphrase

Writing devices

本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/bd9e03dfce2f0066f53322a6.html