BOOK 1 - Unit 5 - Language Focus - Vocabulary
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
1. A [monthly] statement is a general term for a personalized financial record that regularly informs a recipient about the status of his or her account. It is generally mailed to the recipient on or near the same day each month.
2. Over a hundred children came to the annual Christmas party which was a good opportunity for them to gather and renew [acquaintances].
3. My parents' marriage was a [classic] of its time — those years of the so-called cultural revolution, with no wedding ceremony and no honeymoon.
4. Having failed in the examination, Owen didn't dare [look] his father [in the eye].
5. Britain still has a bicycle industry; frames and complete bicycles are [manufactured] here, though most of the components are imported.
6. The employees of the company are treated right with handsome paychecks and stock [options].
7. San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of culture, [finance], and industry in the United States.
8. Steve announced just now that he was leaving, but the coach had already started looking around for a [replacement] weeks before.
9. Shortly after he learned of the earthquake, the man hurried back to his hometown, searching high and low to find out whether his parents had [survived] the calamity (灾难).
10. I was listening for Grace's voice, but it wasn't easy to [pick] it [out] among all the others.
11. The survey reveals that an increasing number of young people claim they enjoy [married] life.
12. Someone [grabbed at] the letter I was reading. Looking up, I was delightfully surprised to find that it was my former classmate.
2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.
1. An eight-month-old baby girl was the sole survivor of a car crash that killed both her parents. (survive)
Only an eight-month-old baby girl[survived a car crash that killed both her parents].
2. Sarah read my poem out to the whole class ─ I almost died of embarrassment. (embarrass)
I was[almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class].
3. The seriously injured pupils will be under the care of doctors and nurses of the Children's Hospital. (care for)
Doctors and nurses[of the Children's Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils].
4. Several people have phoned the personnel department to inquire about the position of Chief Financial Officer. (inquiry)
The personnel department has received[several phone calls making inquiries about the position of Chief Financial Officer].
5. We can help you find a solution to all your financial problems if you join our club. (straighten out)
We can help you[straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club].
3.Complete the following, using the words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.
1. On further [inquiry], we learned that the earthquake caused heavy casualties (伤亡) and material losses to the inhabitants. Many old people [died of hunger] and thirst after they were trapped for nearly a week. Fortunately most younger [people survived]. (die of, survive, inquiry)
2. [Instantly] the news spread among employees of the firm that David had decided to [give up his] current position and [retire]. Thereupon everyone became curious about who would [replace him] as chief [executive] officer. (retire, executive, replace, instantly, give up)
3. Brown used to live on his parents. However after [his beloved] father died he had to support himself economically. He did a lot of [odd jobs], including shining shoes, washing dishes, [and all that]. (and all that, beloved, odd)
Word Formation
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to form a new one. Unlike prefixes, a suffix frequently alters the part of speech of the word. For example, the verb replace, by the addition of the suffix -ment, is changed into a noun replacement.
Complete the following sentences by adding a suffix to the given base in brackets.
1. He looked down at the floor in an attempt to hide his [embarrassment]. (embarrass)
2. Rescue workers continued to search for [survivors], nearly 72 hours after the collapse of the World Trade Center. (survive)
3. A tiny old lady was among a group looking at an art exhibition in a [newly] opened gallery. (new)
4. The reality is that we all have [marketable] skills such as writing, consulting, or designing and selling things. (market)
5. Many people are now having trouble making their [monthly] house payments (month)
6. A spelling bee is a [competition] in which people try to correctly spell words. (compete)
7. The total energy given off by the devastating earthquake was many times more than any [conceivable] chemical reaction could produce. (conceive)
8. It shocked me to learn that the young man was released simply because he came from a [respectable] middle-class family. (respect)
Usage
Rewrite the parts in italics with "the + adj.".
1. Some Democrats believed they lost the election because poor people didn't turn out to vote. [the poor]
2. Those who had died were completely innocent victims of the bomb. [The deceased / The dead]
3. The governor has guaranteed health care for pregnant women, preschool children, and disabled people. [the disabled]
4. Do you know why French people are skinnier than Americans? It is because French people stop when they're full, Americans stop when the plate is empty (or the TV show ends). [the French]
5. The person who was accused denied stealing his student's ideas and publishing them. [The accused]
6. In our city living together without getting married is not common among young people. [the young]
7. People who are not employed will receive a monthly payment from the local government. [The unemployed]
8. Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that crime is due to unemployment.[the latter ... the former
Cloze
1. Complete the following passage with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.
I hear poor Phil has [died of] (1) a heart attack. Died [instantly] (2), I believe. Mind you, if you were looking for a heart attack victim, he was a [classic] (3) case. You need only [ask around] (4) to hear everyone say that he worked all hours, never taking a break. That sort of person all too often risks not [surviving] (5) long enough to [retire] (6) on a pension. No doubt the chief [executive] (7) is already looking around for Phil's [replacement] (8). I know you can't afford to be sentimental in business, not with [stock] (9) holders breathing down your neck all the time. Still, he must have found it difficult to look Phil's widow [in the eye] (10) at the funeral after allowing him to overwork like that.
2. Read the following passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.
One summer evening, shortly after I arrived at my new assignment, my boss walked by my house and saw my wife and children sitting on our front porch. He asked her where I was. My wife told him I was still at the office. When she told this to me, in the corner of my heart I secretly hoped he was [impressed] (1) by my work ethic (职业道德).
The next morning, my boss called me. I expected a verbal pat on the back for my [diligence] (2) and hard work. [Instead] (3), he asked me what I was doing so late at the office and inquired if I had been doing that every night since taking over. I told him I had indeed been working late every night.
[Contrary](4) to what I expected, he told me anyone could be a workaholic and achieve great things [professionally] (5). Yet he had hired me to [perform] (6) and excel (干得出色) in not one but two areas: my professional and personal life.
This incident caused me to do a lot of introspection (沉思). I examined my professional, family and[personal] (7) life and found that they weren't in [balance] (8). So I made a [commitment] (9) to myself to work on achieving a better balance in these three areas. This is what my little voyage of self-discovery [revealed] (10) to me.
3. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.
1. 我不太清楚哪儿你能找到个好木工（carpenter）—— 你最好四处打听打听。(ask around)
I'm not sure where you can find a good carpenter — you'd better ask around.
2. 他感到有点尴尬，赶紧清了清喉咙，抬头看着墙上的画。(embarrass)
Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.
3. 迈克尔去世了，留下三个儿子、两个女儿和妻子伊丽沙白。(survive)
Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.
4. 作为金融专家，威廉建议我们投资股票市场。(stock)
As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.
5. 我们这些小零售商（retailer）无法和超市在价格和销售等方面竞争。(compete)
We small retailers can't compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.
4. Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below.
我爸是一家制造公司的行政领导，工作很努力。他每周工作六天。每天他得解决各种各样问题，因此经常熬夜。但是，他还是竭尽全力兼顾（balance / maintain a balance between）工作和家庭。星期日我爸通常呆在家里，尽量多多照顾我们。最使我高兴的是，他给我们烹饪我们最喜爱的菜肴，还和我们一起打球。
My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm. He works six days a week. Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late / nights. However, he tries his best to balance / maintain a balance between work and family. On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can. To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dishes and plays ball with us. ]
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