一、情态动词考点透析
1．can (could)，be able to。
can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式， be able to可用于现在式、过去式、将来时、完成时。要表示“能够做某事”，可用can或be able to，但若要说过去的确运用了某种能力做成了某件事情，就只能用was/were able to，表将来具备的能力只能用will/shall be able to。
(1)If you study hard，you will be able to express freely in English in three months.
(2)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
2．could是can的过去式，但是在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，它表示语气的委婉。因此，用could提问时，不能用could回答，而要用can或may。would，might用于疑问句时也表委婉语气，回答时应该用will，may。
(1)－Could I borrow your dictionary?
－Yes，of course you can.
(2)－Could I call you by the first name?
－Yes，you may.
(3)－Would you be so kind as to explain the word?
－Yes，I will.What is it?
3．may/might，can/could都word/media/image1_1.png可表示可能，但may/might 不能用于问句，can/could用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句，表示惊异、怀疑，一般不用于肯定句。如果用于肯定句，则表示偶尔发生某事的可能，或某人某物一时的特点。
(1)－Are you coming to Jeff's party?
－I'm not sure.I might go to the concert instead.
(2)－Where can Mr.Li be?
－Sorry，I don't know.You can go to ask Mr.Zhang.He may help you.
(3)Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
(4)We enjoy good weather in January，but sometimes it can be terribly cold.
4．must表推测用于肯定句，其否定式要用can't。
对现在表示推测：
must do；can't do
对正在进行的动作表示推测：
must be doing；can't be doing
对过去表示推测：
must have done；can't/couldn't have done
(1)－There were already five people in the car，but they managed to take me as well.
－It couldn't have been a comfortable journey.
(2)Jack can't have arrived yet，otherwise he would have telephoned me.
(3)Put on more clothes，you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
(4)I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.
5．情态动词完成式的意义。
can/could have done
过去可能做过，过去本来可以做某事但没有做
must have done过去一定做过
may have done可能已经做过，本来可以做但没做
might have done过去可能做过，过去本来可以做但没做
can't/couldn't have done过去不可能做过某事
should (not)have done
过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)
ought (not)to have done
过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)
needn't have done过去本来没必要做，但却做了
would rathword/media/image1_1.pnger (not)have done宁愿过去做了(没做)
注意：must have done，may have done，might have done，can't have done都表推测。其区别在于可能性的大小。must have done表很有可能，may have done表有可能，might have done表可能性很小，can't have done则为“不可能”。
(1)I told Sally how to get here，but perhaps I should have written it out for her.
(2)Sorry，I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
(3)I was really anxious about you.You shouldn't have left home without a word.
(4)Tom needn't have got up that early since it was Sunday and he had nothing important to do.
(5)I would rathword/media/image1_1.pnger not have blamed him because he was a child after all.
6．关于should的主要用法。
(1)It's already seven o'clock.Jack should be here at any moment.
(should表推测，意为“随时都会来”，“真该来了”。)
(2)－When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
－They should be ready by 12：00.(should：应该)
(3)You can't imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
(should表惊异，意为“居然”、“竟然”)
(4)If he should fail to come，ask Mr.Zhang to attend the cerword/media/image1_1.pngemony instead.
(should表语气较强的假设，意为“万一”)
(5)We should have studied last night，but we went to the concert instead.(should have studied：我们本该学习的，但却没有学习)
7．关于shall的用法。
shall用于第一人称、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示。
shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(1)Shall I go on reading the text?
我要继续读课文吗？(shall：征求意见)
(2)You shall be punished one day for what you've done.
总有一天你会因你的所作所为受到惩罚的。
(shall：威胁，警告)
(3)He shall get what he deserves.I promise it.
他会得到他应该得到的，我保证。(shall：允诺)
word/media/image2_1.png强化训练一
按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的情态动词或根据提示使用正确形式的情态动词
1．I ________ (not) use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
2．I________ (not) thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
3．—________ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry Sir, but it's urgent.
4．I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I ______do in China.
5．We ________ (not) have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
6．One of our rules is that every student________wear school uniform while at school.
7．I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
8．—You have to believe in yourself.No one else will, if you don't.
—I ________ (not) agree more.Confidence is really important.
9．The new law word/media/image1_1.pngstates that people ______(no
word/media/image1_1.pngt) drive after drinking alcohol.
10．It's quite warm here; we ________(not) turn the heating on yet.
11．—No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
12．The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they ________.
13．It ________ (not) be the postman at the door.It's onword/media/image1_1.pngly six o'clock.
14．—How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ (not) ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.
15．—I don't really like James.Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry.He ________ not come.He said he wasn't certaiword/media/image1_1.pngn what his plans were.
16．If you ________ smoke, please go outside.
17．If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
18．—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you ________， in case he comes late for the meeting.
19．I ________ (not) worry about my weekend.I always have my plans ready before it comes.
20．—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK.You________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
1．needn't 2.can't 3.Must 4.might 5.needn't 6.shall
7．can 8.couldn't 9.mustn't 10.needn't 11.can 12.can
13．can't 14.couldn't 15.might 16.must 17.must
18．must 19.needn't 20.shall
二、虚拟语气考点透析
1．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法。
例如：
(1)If she were here，everything would be all right.(But she isn't here now.)
(2)If you had come five minutes earlier，you would have met the famous pop singer.
(3)If it were to rain tomorrow，the outing would be cancelled.
(4)If you should visit our school tomorrow，you would see how beautiful it is.
2．wish＋宾语从句 (宾语从句中的动词变化如下表)。
3.在非真实条件状语从句中，如果含有were，had，should，可将if省去， 将were，had，should放在主语前，构成倒装。例如：
(1)What would have happened had Bob walked farther，as far as the river bank?
(2)Should I fail this time，I would wait for another chance.
4．在非真实条件状语从句中，有时条件从句与主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时动词的形式要根据动词所表示的时间来调整。这种非真实条件句叫混合虚拟条件句。例如：
(1)If you had worked harder，you wouldn't be afraid of the examination now.
(2)If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would be quite all right now.
5．有时假设的情况并不是以条件从句表示，而是通过一些介词短语或上下文等方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。or，otherwise，with，without，but for(要不是)，under 等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中。例如：
(1)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he would have scored a goal.
(2)Without electricity human life would be quite different today.
(3)Under more favorable conditions，the rice would grow much better.
(4)But for your help，I would still be working in the lab now.
6．情态动词的完成式大多能表示过去的虚拟事实(请参阅“情态动词”)。
7．在下列句型中动词要用虚拟语气： if it were not for要不是因为……，if it had not been for要不是因为……，if only要是……word/media/image1_1.png就好了！(表强烈愿望)
(1)If only he were here！要是他在这就好了！
(2)If it had not been for the snow，we could have climbed the mountain yesterday.
要不是下雪，我们昨天就会去登山。
(3)If only he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.
要是他能像医生嘱咐的那样安静地躺着的话，现在他就不会受这么多罪了。
8．would rather后的从句中，动词要用虚拟语气。如表示与现在的情形相反，动词用过去式；如表示与过去的情形相反，动词用had＋过去分词。例如：
(1)Tom is coming soon，but I would rather he came tomorrow.
(2)Jane is crying sadly.I would rather you hadn't told her the bad news.
word/media/image2_1.png强化训练二
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Sorry, I am too busy now.If I ______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
2．We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______________ more places of interest yesterday.(visit)
3．If my car __________ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.(be)
4．Had they known what was coming next, they__word/media/image1_1.png______ second thoughts.(have)
5．Jack is a great talker.It's hiword/media/image1_1.pnggh time that he ________ something instead of just talking.(do)
6．We ________ the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me? (face)
7．Don't handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.
8．We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.(offer)
9．I____________through that bitter period without your generous help.(go)
10．—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________ always late.
1．had 2.would have visited 3.had been 4.might have had
5．did 6.could have faced 7.were 8.hadn't offered
9．couldn't have gone 10.weren't
Ⅱ.请根据以下要点，写一篇有关珍惜水的短文
写作内容：
1．众所周知，水在人类生活中起着非常重要的作用；
2．如果没有水，我们人类就会灭绝；
3．如果以前我们爱惜水，现在就不会缺水了；
4．要是水是无穷无尽的就好了，我们就可以充分利用它；
5．由于水是有限的，现在是我们做点事来保护水资源的时候了。
写作要求：
1．只能用5个句子表达全部内容；
2．尽可能多地使用虚拟语气。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As is known to all, water plays an important role in our life. Without water, we would have died out. If we had saved it before, we would not lack it now. If the water were endless，we would make full use of it. As water is limited, it is time that we did something to protect word/media/image1_1.pngwater resource.
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