北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之长城

北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之长城

北京导游词

TheGreatwall

TheGreatwall,liethePyramidsofEgypt,theTajmahalinIndiaandtheHangingGardenofBabylon,isoneofthegreatwondersoftheworld.StartingoutintheeastonthebansoftheyaluRiverinLiaoningProvince,thewallstretcheswestwardsfor12,700ilometerstojiayuguanintheGobidesert,thusnownastheTenThousandLiwallinChina.Thewallclimbsupanddown,twistsandturnsalongtheridgesoftheyanshanandyinshanmountainChainsthroughfiveprovinces-Liaoning,Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi,andGansu--andtwoautonomousregions--NingxiaandInnermongolia,bindingthenorthernChinatogether.

Historicalrecordstracetheconstructionoftheoriginofthewalltodefensivefortificationbactotheyear656B.C.duringthereignofingChengoftheStatesofChu.ItsconstructioncontinuedthroughoutthewarringStatesperiodinthefifthCenturyB.C.whenducalstatesyan,Zhao,wei,andQinwerefrequentlyplunderedbythenomadicpeopleslivingnorthoftheyinshanandyanshanmountainranges.walls,then,werebuiltseparatelybytheseducalstatestowardoffsuchharassments.Laterin221B.C.,whenQinconqueredtheotherstatesandunifiedChina,EmperorQinshihuangorderedtheconnectionoftheseindividualwallsandfurtherextensionstoformthebasisofthepresentgreatwall.Asamatteroffact,aseparateouterwallwasconstructednorthoftheyinshanrangeintheHanDynasty,whichwenttoruinthroughyearsofneglect.Inthemanyinterveningcenturies,succeedingdynastiesrebuiltpartsofthewall.ThemostextensivereinforcementsandrenovationswerecarriedoutinthemingDynastywhenaltogether18lengthystretcheswerereinforcedwithbricsandrocs.itismostlythemingDynastywallthatvisitorsseetoday.TheGreatwallisdividedintotwosections,theeastandwest,withShanxiProvinceasthedividingline.Thewestpartisarammedearthconstruction,about5.3metershighonaverage.Intheeasternpart,thecoreofthewallisrammedearthaswell,buttheoutershellisreinforcedwithbricsandrocs.ThemostimposingandbestpreservedsectionsoftheGreatwallareatBadalingandmutianyu,notfarfromBeijingandbothareopentovisitors.Thewallofthosesectionsis7.8metershighand6.5meterswideatitsbase,narrowingto5.8metersontheramparts,wideenoughforfivehorsestogallopabreast.Thereareramparts,embrasures,peep-holesandaperturesforarchersonthetop,besidesgutterswithgargoylestodrainrain-waterofftheparapetwal.Two-storiedwatch-towersarebuiltatapproximately400-metersinternals.Thetopstoriesofthewatch-towerweredesignedforobservingenemymovements,whilethefirstwasusedforstoringgrain,fodder,militaryequipmentandgunpowderaswellasforquarteringgarrisonsoldiers.Thehighestwatch-toweratBadalingstandingonahill-top,isreachedonlyafterasteepclimb,lie”climbingaladdertoheaven”.Theviewfromthetopisrewarding,hoverer.Thewallfollowsthecontourofmountainsthatriseonebehindtheotheruntiltheyfinallyfadeandmergewithdistanthaze.Asignalsystemformerlyexistedthatservedtocommunicatemilitaryinformationtothedynasticcapital.Thisconsistedofbeacontowersonthewallitselfandonmountaintopswithinsightofthewall.Attheapproachofenemytroops,smoesignalsgavethealarmfromthebeacontowersinthedaytimeandbonfiredidthisatnight.

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