高中阶段常见英语同义近义表达

高中阶段常见英语同义/近义表达

在课堂上，英语老师总是不厌其烦地告诉同学们可用A单词或短语来代替B单词或短语之类的语言知识。一些同学很容易有厌烦心理，觉得掌握一个意思的一种表达就足够了。这种想偷懒的心态可不对，因为在英语学习中，掌握一个意思的多种表达非常重要，其作用主要体现在以下方面：

1.在阅读理解中，题干或选项通常不会照搬原文原话，而是对其进行同义或近义替换。掌握一个意思的多种表达，是迅速定位出解题依据，准确判断选项说法与原文说法是否一致的重要前提。请看这一道阅读理解题：

例1：Farmland in Africa ________.

A. is often small in size

B. can produce more than enough crops for Africans

C. is short of important nutrients

D. has got the attention of scientists around the world

根据文中这一句话“Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.”可选出正确答案C。C选项中，使用了be short of…对原文的be lacking in…进行了同义替换。

2. 表达多样化是优秀的书面表达的要求。英文写作中讳忌重复。写作时，应尽量避免上下文重复，使用多样的表达。请看这一篇书面表达的范文片段：

例2： I' m writing to apologize for not being able to take a trip to Beijing with you next weekend as we planned beforehand…Again, I want to express my sincere apology for all the inconvenience I have caused.

下文用了express one’s apology for…代替上文的apologize for… 避免行文重复。

一 、动词短语   

1.achieve a goal达到目标

= reach a goal

2. attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力

= draw one’s attention = catch one’s attention

3. be aware of…意识到

= be conscious of…

4. be based on...以……为基础、依据

= be founded on...

5. be beneficial to…对……有益处

= be of benefit to…

6. be concerned about…担心，烦恼

= be worried about…

7. be concerned with…关系到，关于

= be about…

8. be filled with…充满，挤满

= be full of…

9. be fond of...喜欢

= like

10. be intended to do sth为了做某事

= be meant to do sth

11. be satisfied with…对……感到满意的

= be content with…

12. be short of…缺乏

= lack… = be lacking in…

13. be tired of…对……感到厌倦

= be bored with… = be fed up with…

14. be used to…习惯于

= be accustomed to…

15. burst into laughter突然大笑起来

= burst out laughing

16. burst into tears突然大哭起来

= burst out crying

17. date back to… 追溯到；起源于

= date from…

18. call sb up打电话给某人

= ring sb up = call sb on the phone = phone sb = give sb a call = give sb a ring

19. come about发生

= happen

20. come across…偶然遇到   

= meet with… = run into…

21. consist of…由……组成/构成

= be made up of…

22. consult查阅

= refer to

23. depend on…依靠

= rely on… = count on…

24. determine to do sth下定决心做某事

= make up one’s mind to do sth

25. draw a conclusion得出结论

= arrive at a conclusion = come to a conclusion = reach a conclusion

26. earn one’s living谋生

= make one’s living

27. deliver a speech做演讲

= make a speech

28. fix one’s attention on sth将注意力集中于……

= focus one’s attention on sth = be absorbed in… = be buried in…

29. give rise to…导致，引起

= cause

30. get to one’s feet 站起来

= rise to one’s feet =stand up

31. go through经历  

= experience

32. harm 损害，危害

= do harm to… = be harmful to…

33. have a good time玩得开心

= have fun = enjoy oneself

34. keep one’s promise履行承诺

= keep one’s word

35. look after…照顾

= take care of… = care for

36. lose one’s heart to sb爱上某人

= fall in love with sb

37. make certain弄清楚，弄明白

= make sure

38. observe庆祝

= celebrate

39. oppose反对

= be opposed to… = be against…

40. play a role in…在……扮演角色，在……起作用

= play a part in…

41. play jokes on…戏弄；开玩笑

= play tricks on… = make fun of…

42. prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人某某事

= keep sb from doing sth = stop sb (from) doing sth

43. realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想

= make one’s dream come true

44. reserve预定

= book

45. search for寻找

=look for

46. set down写下，记下

= write down

= put down = take down

47. set about doing sth开始做某事

= set out to do sth

48. represent象征

= stand for = symbolize

49. take sth into account考虑，顾及

=take sth into consideration

50. watch out for sth 注意，小心

= look out for sth

二、名词

1.baggage行李

= luggage

2.human race人类

= human being(s)  = mankind

3.present礼物

= gift

4.tourist attraction旅游胜地

= scenic spot

三、 形容词   

1.considerate体贴的，周到的 

= thoughtful

2.invaluable无价的

= priceless

3.valueless没有价值的

= worthless

四、副词

1.besides此外

= in addition

2.furthermore而且，此外

= moreover = what’s more

3.meanwhile（在此）期间，（与此）同时

= in the meanwhile = in the meantime = at the same time

五、 介词   

1.at present现在

= now

2.because of…因为，由于

= due to… = owing to…

3.before long很快

= soon

4.by chance偶然地，意外地

= by accident

5.despite尽管，虽然

= in spite of   = regardless of

6.every other day 每隔一天

= every two days  = every second day

7.free of charge免费

=for free

8.in advance提前

= ahead of time = ahead of schedule

9.in the end最后，终于

= finally = at last

10.on purpose故意，有意

= by design = deliberately

11.on time按时

= punctually

12.to make matters worse更糟糕的是

= what’s worse = worse still

六、连词短语

1.as long as…只要

= so long as… =on the condition that… =provided that…

2.even if 即使，即便   

= even though

3.as if好像，似乎

= as though

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