新版八年级英语人教版上册知识点汇总

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?

短语搭配：

1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

2. taste + adj. 尝起来……

3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有

4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来

5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地

6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事

8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

9. want to do sth. 想去做某事

10. start doing sth. 开始做某事

11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事

12. look + adj 看起来

13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？

15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……

16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事

17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事

18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

重难点精练

1.复合不定代词或副词的构成及用法

构成：由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词；加上-where构成副词。

用法：

（1）不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading.

（2）some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中；

any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。

但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。

Someone is calling me. There isn’t anyone else there.

Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat?

（3）形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。

There is something delicious on the table.

巩固练习

①. I can’t hear anything = I can hear _________.

②. There is __________ on the floor. Please pick it up.

③. No one ________ how to do it. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. knew

④. There’s ________in the newspaper. You should read it.

A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important.

2.arrive in 到达+大地方（国家省市）

arrive at 到达+小地方（机场 商店等)

get to 到达+地方 reach 到达+地方

练习：

The Smiths_____ New York at 8:00 last night.

A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived

3. try to do sth.意为______________;

try doing sth.意为________________

We shouldn’t try _______(study) English, we should try ________(study) English.

4.I felt like I was a bird.(翻译)_______ _________________________.

feel like意为_____后常接_____.另外feel like还意为_____

Do you feel like a cup of tea?

5.I wonder what life was like here in the past.（翻译）_____________

wonder为及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。

I wonder _____ you are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。)

6.________为太多，后接可数名词复数;

________+不可数名词（money）;

________为太…后接形容词或副词（big）

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

惯用法：

1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事

2. How about…? ….怎么样？/ ….好不好？

3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少…..

5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现…

6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的

7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光

8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事

9. by doing sth. 通过做某事

10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么？

11 start doing sth. 开始做某事

12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

语法：

1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。

回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。

How often do you play sports? Three times a week.

2. how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。

How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?

How long is the ruler?

how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.

3. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.

I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.

还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。

The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay.

4. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。

How come Tom didn’t come to the party?

= Why didn’t Tom come to the party?

5. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.

stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.

6. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。

I went to bed at eleven last night.

go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。

She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.

7. find + 宾语 +名词,

发现： We have found him (to be) a good boy.

find + 宾语 + 形容词，

发现： He found the room dirty.

find + 宾语 + 现在分词，

发现 ： I found her standing at the door.

8. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。

Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.

Thirty percent of time passed.

9. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than.

Eg: I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.

8. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。

I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.

be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事；

Some children are afraid of the dark.

be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。

Don’t be afraid of asking question.

I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心：

I’m afraid I have to go now.

9. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：

sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。

Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?

sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.

I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?

some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.

I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?

some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.

I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?

10. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever起强调作用。

hardly 为副词，意为“几乎不没有）”，相当于almost not，本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。

E.g. She hardly eats anything.

辨析: hardly 和hard

hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；

hard作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。

hardly意为“几乎不”

(1) The ground is too to dig

(2) I can understand them.

(3) It's raining ,the people can go outside.

3. ----How often do you watch TV? ----Twice a week.

(1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提问频率。

(2) twice a week 一周两次

拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice

三次或三次以上 基数词+ times three times four times

11 . maybe 副词，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。

E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park.

辨析：maybe 与 may be

maybe副词，作状语，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 may be 属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是”。

(1) The baby is crying, maybe she is hungry.

(2) The woman may be a teacher .

(1) It’s +adj.+to do sth 做某事„„的

E.g. It’s very easy to learn English well.

(2) by doing sth. 通过做某事

(3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式

13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。

stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister

短语用法：

1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣

2. want to do sth. 想要做某事

3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样…

4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事

5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事

6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth.. 对某人来说做某事是…的

词语辨析：

1. laugh v. & n. 笑

We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.

她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。

We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。

Laugh 与at连用 嘲笑(动词)

Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。

People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。

Laugh 笑；笑声 （名词）

We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。

2. though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although

Though it was raining，he went there.

虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。

Though he was poor he was happy.

虽然他很穷却很快乐。

注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：

Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）

though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。

Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.

1. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。

3. as...as意为“与……一样……”，as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构not as/so...as意为“不如……”。

E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。

Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。

Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。

注意：(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。

E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.

(2) 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。

E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。

4. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。

win此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”；

win还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在……中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。

E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？

辨析：win与beat

1 win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game.

② beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。

E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

5. though此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。

E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.

拓展：though作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。

E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

注意：although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。

E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

=He has no money, but he lives very happily.

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater

短语：

so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 no problem 没什么，别客气

have….in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同

be up to 是….的职责 all kinds of ….. 各种各样的……

play a role 发挥作用，有影响 make up编造（故事、谎言等）

for example 例如 take …..seriously 认真对待 、】

not everybody 并不是每个人 close to 离….近

more and more 越来越……

形容词副词的比较级练习

用括号里的词的适当形式填空

1. We went to the __________(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.

2. Blue Moon is ______________(good), but Miler’s is _____________(good ) in town.

3. The Big Screen is _________________(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is ____________(expensive).

4. Movie City has the __________ (bad) service, but we can sit the_______________ (comfortably)there.

5. Johnny Dep acted the _________________(good) in that movie. He’s much ____________(good) than other actors at finding the ________________(interesting) role.

Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?

常用法：

let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.

hope to do sth. happen to do sth.

expect to do sth. How about doing……

be ready to do sth. try one’s best to do sth.

1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析

the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例：

He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.

There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.

the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：

You two stay here, the others go with me.

I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.

other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：

We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.

others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：

Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.

another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：

I don’t like this one. Please show me another one.

2.happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。

Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.

Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事

An accident happened on Park Street.

happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.

Sb + happens to do sth.

I happened to see my uncle on the street.

3. take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：

Great changes have taken place in China.

The meeting will take place next Friday.

4. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：

1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。

I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter.

2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事

Lily expects to come back next week.

3)expect sb. to do sth.

I expect my mother to come back early.

4)expect + 从句 预计……

I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.

5.. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。

He is a serious man.

be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真

Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.

be serious about doing sth. 对某事当 He’s serious about selling his house.

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science

短语：

grow up every day be sure about

make sure send…to… be able to

the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of

in common at the beginning of write down have to do with take up hardly ever too…to…

短语用法：

want to do sth. be going to + 动词原形

practice doing sth. keep on doing sth.

learn to do sth. finish doing sth

promise to do sth. help sb. to do sth.

remember to do sth. agree to do sth.

love to do sth.

be going to 的用法

1） be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。

肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.

否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他

I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.

一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他

肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.

否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.

Are you going to see your friends this weekend?

Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not.

特殊疑问句：

1）疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？

What is he going to do this weekend?

When are you going to see your friends?

2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点

We are going to Beijing for a holiday.

3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。

The bus is coming.

My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.

4) be going to 与 will 的区别：

对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。

Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.

will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.

陈述将来的某个事实用will.

I will ten years old next year.

表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.

I’m tired I will go to bed.

表示意愿用will.

I’ll tell you the truth.

表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.

I’m going to buy a computer this month.

---Let’s discuss the plan, shall we?

----Not now. I ______ to an interview.

A. go B. went C. am going D. was going

------Jack is busy packing luggage.

---Yes. He _________for America on vacation.

A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away

1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：

1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me.

2)promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike.

3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time.

promise n. 允诺， 诺言

Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.

2.when 与 while 的区别：

when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.

When she arrives, I’ll call you.

while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。

Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.

Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.

3. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。

Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.

常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：

考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.

承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.

避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.

否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.

不禁介意与逃亡： can’t help , mind, escape.

不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.

4. everyday 与 every day 区别

everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。

This is our everyday homework.

every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。

He reads books every day.

Unit 7 Will people have robots?

用法：

will + 动词原形 将要做

less/more + 不可数名词 更少/更多

try to do sth. 尽力做某事

have to do sth 不得不做某事

agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

such + 名词（词组） 如此

play a part in doing sth 参与做某事

make sb do sth 让某人做某事

help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

There will be + 主语 + 其他 将会有….

There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做…

It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…的

词语辨析：

1. every 与 each 的区别：

every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj.

every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。 each adj./ pron.

Every teacher knows her.

There are lots of trees on each side of the road.

Each of the road has a dictionary.

2. on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。

All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?

3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。

person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。

people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。

man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men.

He was the only human on the island.

There are only three persons in the room.

There are many people there.

Man is stronger than woman.

4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：

seem + 名词 看起来。

He seems a nice man.

seem like 好像，似乎。

It seemed like a good idea at the time.

seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。

I seem to have left my book at home.

It seems/seemed that 看起来好像…, 似乎….

He was very happy.

seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。

She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.

5. probably ad. maybe 区别

maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许，大概，可能。作状语.

probably 用于句中，可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow.

maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right.

6. during / for / in 介词，在……期间。（区别）

说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during;

说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用in.

We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.

I’ve been here for two weeks.

They usually leave school in July.

一般将来时结构：

肯定式：

主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他

（will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称）。

主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他

be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。

否定式： 在will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = won’t .

一般疑问句： 将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。

There be 句型的一般将来时：

There will be + 主语 + 其他 ，意为 ：将会有。

一般疑问句形式为： Will there be + 主语 + 其他。

肯定回答是： Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there won’t.

否定形式是：There won’t be + 主语 + 其他， 将不会有……

特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句？ When will there be a nice basketball match?

Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia______the first hotel in space in the near future.

A. builds B. will build C. built D. has built

There ______ a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.

A. will have B. is going to be C . is having

In 50 years there _______more robots in people’s homes.

A. were B. will have C. will be D. have

--Will people live to be 300 years old? ---_________.

A. No, they aren’t B. No, they won’t

C. No, they don’t D. No, they can’t

They ______any classes next week.

A. will have B. won’t have C. have D. had

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

短语用法：

How many + 可数名词复数 How much + 不可数名词

let sb. + do sth. want + to do sth.

forget + to do sth. how + to do sth.

There are many reasons for 一段时间 +ago

by + doing sth. need + to do sth.

make + 宾语 + 形容词 It’s time(for sb) + to do sth

First…Next…Then…Finally…

主谓一致判断法：

1. 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

3. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also..连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

4. 在here, there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。

词语辨析：

1. turn on 打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turn off. turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。

2. pour…into… 将…倒入/灌入… into 是：进入… in 是：在…内。

在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后，既可用in，也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。

He put all the books in/into the bag. Come in!

3. 有关make 的短语： make the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶

make trouble 惹麻烦 make money 赚钱 make a decision 做决定 make a telephone call打电话 make a visit 拜访 make a mistake犯错误

make a noise 弄出噪音make a living 谋生 make sure 务必

4. one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词

5. fill with 用…填充… be filled with = be full of 充满….

The boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes.

6. cover…with… 用…把…覆盖 be covered with 被…所覆盖。 cover n. 封面，盖子。

Ann covered her face with her hands. /

The cover of the magazine is nice.

7. It’s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。

It’s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

短语用法：

invite sb. to do sth.

What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 （+ 主语 + 谓语）！

What + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！

help sb. (to) do sth

be sad to do sth.

see sb to do sth / see sb doing sth

the best way to do sth.

have a surprise party for sb

look forward to doing sth.

reply to sth/sb.

What’s today?

What’s the date today?

What day is it today?

句型：

Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry， I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam.

词语辨析：

1. prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。 

 prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。  /

prepare to do sth 准备做某事。

prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。

get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。

准备常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．)

②get sth. ready

③be ready(for sth)

④be get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)

We _____ the mid-term examination.

Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.

2. have the flu 患感冒 have a cold 感冒

have a cough 咳嗽 have a fever 发烧

have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a headache头痛

have a toothache 牙痛

3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处 hang on 紧紧抓住

hang about 闲荡 hang up 挂电话，悬挂，挂起

4. catch you = bye bye catch a cold 感冒

catch sb’s eye 引起某人注意 catch the train 赶上火车

catch up with 赶上，，跟上 catch hold of 抓住

5.accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse。 accept指主观上愿意接受，receive 收到，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。 I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.

1. turn down = refuse 拒绝 turn up 放大，调高

turn over 翻身 take turns 依次，轮流

2. help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人

help oneself to sth 随便吃

3. at the end of 在…末尾，在…尽头， by the end of 到…末为止

in the end of 终于

4. surprised 形容词，感到意外的，

主语是人be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外

surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物

The news was surpring.

surprise 名词，惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise

动词，使惊奇，使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.

5. look forward to 期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。

6. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.

hear of = hear about 听说

7. make it 用法：

1）在约定的时间内到达，能够来 = arrive in time;

you could make it.

2）商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。

Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.

3）成功办成某事 = succeed

After years of hard work, he finally made it.

9. reply 回答，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词

reply to sb/sth. 对…..作出回答。

作及物动词，意为 回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词 to .

10． answer 是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。

11. what引导的感叹句结构： 

What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！ 

What+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！

Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

keep…to oneself talk to sb.

in life in the end

be angry at/about sth make mistakes

in the future run away

the first step in half

solve a problem school clean-up

习惯用法：

ask sb. to do sth give sb sth.

tell sb. to do sth too…to do sth

be afraid to do sth. advise sb to do sth

It’s best (not)to do sth. need to do sth

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