前缀
auto-“自动,自己”automobile, automatic, autograph
anti-表示“反对,相反”antiwar, antitank, antibody
ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意。accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract
bene-“善,好”benefaction, benediction, beneficent
be- 构成介词beside, behind, below, before, beneath
bi-表示“两个”biweekly, bilingual, biennial
by-“在旁边,副的”byroad, byway, bywork
co-表示“共同”(两者),通常方在元音词根前。Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide
com-, con- “共同”combine, compassion, commotion,
contra-表示“反对,相反”contrary, contradict, contravene,
counter-表示“反对,相反”counteract, counterbalance,
di-
表示“使…变成,分开,离开”digest
dia- 表示“穿过,二者之间”dialogue, diameter
dis-
表示“不,消失掉”dislike, disorder, dishonest
表示“分开,分离”dispart, disseminate, dispense
em-,en-
表示“进入…之中,包围”embrace, embed, empathy
表示“使…进入状态”empower, embitter, embody
ex-
表示“出,出去”export, exclude, expel
表示“前面的,前任的”ex-wife, ex-president,
extra-表示“以外的,超过的”extracurriculum, extraordinary,
fore-表示“前面,预先”foresee, forehead, forestall
il-, ir-
放在同辅音词根前表示“不,无”illegal, illiterate, illogical,
表示“使…成为,进入”illustrate, illuminate, illusion,
im-,in-
表示“不,无,非”impossible, immoral, impolite,
表示“向内,进入”import, imprison, immigrate
inter-表示“在…之间,相互”international, interpersonal,
intro-表示“向内,入内”introduce, introspect, introvert
macro-表示“宏伟,大”macroworld, macrostructure,
mal-表示“坏,恶”(亦作male)malcontent, malpractice ,malnutrition
micro-表示“微,小”microscope, microworld, microskirt
mini-表示“小”minibus, miniskirt, miniwar,
mis-表示“错误,坏”mistake, misspell, misunderstand,
mono-表示“单个,一个”monarch, monogamy, monologue
multi-表示“多,很多”multilingual, multidirectional, multiple
non-表示“不,非”nonexistent, nonsmoking, nonstop
out-
表示“超过,过度”outdo, outlive, outnumber
表示“出去,过时”outside, outgoing, outlandish
over-
表示“过度,过分”overstudy, overwork, overact
表示“在…之上”overlap, override, overwhelm
表示“翻转”overturn, overthrow, overhaul
para-
表示“半,类似,辅助”paramilitary, parapolitical
表示“降落伞”parachute, paratroops, paradrop
post-
“在后面”postwar, postpone
“邮件”postoffice
pre-“前的,预先”preschool, prefix
pro-“向前”prolong
re-“向后,重新”reappear, rewrite, review
sub-“下,次”submerge
sur-“超过,在上面”surface, surpass
trans-“横过.移动”transmit, transform
un-“不,非”unreal
inter-“在内,内部”intranational
kilo-“一千”kilogram
milli-“千”millimeter
tri-“三”triangle
uni-“一个”unicorm
vice-“副”vice-president
后缀
-ability 表名词,“能,性质”possibility
-able 表形容词,“可…的”believable
-aceous, -acious 表形容词,“有…特征的”delicious
-acity 表名词, “有…倾向”capacity
-acy 表名词, “性质, 状态”privacy
-age 表名词, “状态, 总称”, “场所”, “费用”percentage, village, cottage, postage
-ain 表名词 “人”captain
-aire 表名词 “人”millionaire
-al 表形容词 “…的”personal, continental, rural
-ality 表名词 “状态,性质”personality, nationality
-ally 表副词 “…地”dramatically
-an 表名词和形容词 “人”American, Roman
-ance, ence 表名词, “性质,状况”difference
-ancy 表名词 “性质, 状况”vacancy, redundancy
-ant, -ent 表形容词 “…的”distant, different
-ar 表形容词 “…的”familiar
表名词, “人”liar, beggar
-ard 表名词, “不好的人”bastard, coward, laggard
-arian 表名词, “…的人”vegetarian,
-ary 表形容词, “…的” imaginary, elementary
-ate 表动词, “做, 造成”graduate, frustrate
-atic 表形容词, “有…性质”diplomatic
-ation 表名词 “行为, 过程, 结果”election, production
-ative 表形容词 “有…倾向”active
-ator 表名词, “做事的人或物”dictator, generator
-cy 表名词 “性质, 状态”privacy
-dom 表名词 “状态”freedom
-ee 表名词 “被动的或主动的人”employee, examinee
-eer 表名词 “人员”engineer
-el 表名词 “人或物”novel, channel
-en 表动词 “变成”shorten, darken
-ency 表名词 “状态,性质”efficiency
-ent 表形容词, “…的”excellent
表名词 “人”student, resident
-eous 表形容词, “有…的”courteous,
-er 表名词 “人”singer, leader, writer
表动词 “反复做”mutter, chatter, waver
-ern 表形容词, “…方向的”eastern, western, southern
-ery 表名词 “场所”, “行为”nursery, rosery, robbery, bravery
-ess 表名词 “女性”poetess, goddess, actress
-et, -let 表名词, “小东西”circlet, booklet
-etic 表形容词, “属于…的”theoretic, energetic
-ety 表名词 “状态”anxiety
-eur 表名词 “…人”amateur, entrepreneur
-ful 表形容词, “有…的”beautiful, wonderful
表名词 “满, 量”handful, spoonful
-hood 表名词, “时期, 性质”childhood, boyhood
-ial 表形容词 “有…的”judicial, beneficial
-ian 表名词 “某种人”historian, librarian
-ibility 表名词 “具备…性质的”sensibility, possibility
-ible 表形容词 “能…的”possible, credible
-ic 表形容词, “…的”scientific, fantastic
-ics 表名词, “学科, 学术”physics, mathematics
-id 表形容词, “如…的”valid, humid
-ific 表形容词, “产生…的”scientific, terrific
-ify 表动词, “…化”purify, clarify
-ine 表形容词, “…的”, 表名词 “状态, 药物”elephantine, discipline, routine
-ion, -tion, -sion 表名词 “动作或状态”production, union, decision
-ior, “较…的”superior, junior
-ious “…的”curious, spacious
-ise , -ize 表动词 “…化”memorize, advertise
-ish 表形容词 “像…一样”foolish, selfish表动词 “造成”
-ism 表名词 “…主义, 宗教”socialism, capitalism
表示 ”学术或学术流派”modernism
-ist 表名词 “表示信仰者, 专家或从事人”communist
-istic 表形容词, 由 ist+ic 构成, 表示 “…的”artistic
-ite 表形容词, “有…的”polite,
ition 表名词, “行为过程, 状态”definition,
-itude 表名词, “性质, 状态”attitude,
-ity 表名词, 指具备某种性质probability
-ive 表形容词, 根据不同的单词结尾可分-sive, ative, ive, itivepassive, active,
表名词, “人或物”detective, locomotive
-ization 表名词, 来自-ize+ation
“…化或发展过程”modernization, organization
-less 表形容词, “无…的”helpless, careless
-like 表形容词, “像…一样”dreamlike, childlike
-ling 表名词, “小东西或某种人”duckling, gosling, darling
-ly 表形容词, 通常加在名词后timely, lively, friendly
表副词, 通常放在形容词后greatly, briefly, mainly
-ment 表名词, “行为或结果”movement, agreement
-most 表形容词, “最…的”headmost, outmost
-ness 表名词, “性质, 状态”kindness, business
-ory 表形容词 “…的”introductory,
表名词, 指场所factory, dormitory
-ous 表形容词, “…的”dangerous, lustrous
-proof 表形容词, “防…的”waterproof, rainproof
-ress 表名词 “指女性”actress, waitress,
-ship 表名词, “表示某种关系或状态”friendship, hardship
-some 表形容词, “充满…的, 具有…倾向的”handsome,
-th 表名词, 通常指抽象名词warmth, growth, strength
-ture 表名词, “一般状态, 行为”miniature, conjecture, denture, mixture
-ward 表形容词, 副词, “向…”downward, upward, northward
-wise 表副词, “方向, 状态”clockwise, likewise
-y 表形容词, rainy, windy
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