单元检测（四） A Social Survey — My Neighbourhood
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It is not always a good thing to praise children because “empty” words may make them unhappy. Words such as “well done” may make them doubt their own abilities, a leading psychologist Stephen Grosz has warned. He says that words such as “you're so clever” or “you're such an artist” could also hinder (妨碍) their future development at school. He says that such empty praise causes children to be unhappy as they may say they can't live up to these expectations.
Instead he advises parents and teachers to praise children less frequently and use words like “trying really hard”. Mr. Grosz said, “Empty praise is as bad as thoughtless criticism. People often pay no attention to children's feelings and thoughts.” He also mentions research showing that children who are heavily praised probably perform worse at school.
Some psychologists from Columbia University asked 128 pupils aged 10 and 11 to work out a number of math problems. Afterwards, some were told, “You did really well — you're so clever.” But he researchers told the other group, “You did really well — you must have tried really hard.” Both groups of children were then given more difficult questions and those who had been told they were clever did not do as well as the others.
He says that when collecting his daughter from a school near their home in North London, he heard a teacher tell her, “You have drawn the most beautiful tree. Well done.” Later, after she had done another drawing, the same teacher said, “Wow, you are really an artist.” In his book, Mr. Grosz writes, “How could I explain to the teacher that I would prefer it if she did not praise my daughter？”
As a parent of two children, I strongly agree with Mr. Grosz. I praise them when praising is proven right. I want them to know if I praise them, they have done something beyond my expectation, beyond what they are able to do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对孩子进行过多的表扬会给他们带来不利影响。
1．Which of the following praise does Mr. Grosz like most?
A．You are so clever!
B．Well done, darling!
C．You are such an artist!
D．You must have tried hard!
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“he advises ... use words like ‘trying really hard’”可知，D项符合题意。
2．The example of 128 pupils is given to show ________.
A．teaching children is a difficult job
B．children's growing interest in math
C．the disadvantage of praising children strongly
D．children are becoming cleverer and cleverer
解析：选C 写作意图题。第二段最后一句“He also mentions research showing that children who are heavily praised probably perform worse at school.”是提示。
3．Hearing what that teacher said, Mr. Grosz ________.
A．realized the importance of praise
B．was very proud of her daughter
C．didn't know how to thank her
D．was not really satisfied
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In his book, Mr. Grosz writes, ‘How could I explain to the teacher that I would prefer it if she did not praise my daughter？’”可知，对于老师表扬孩子的那些话，他不是很满意，故选D。
4．What does the author mainly tell us in the text?
A．Too much praise can sometimes hurt children.
B．Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.
C．Parents should spend more time with their children.
D．Many children can't live up to their parents' expectations.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。作者通过本文旨在说明对孩子进行过多的表扬会给他们带来不利影响，故选A。
B
The popular TV program Readers has prompted more people in China to practice reading aloud in booths (小间) set up in big cities across the country.
As the latest TV show to help people's love for literature recover, the CCTV program Readers invites people from all walks of life to read aloud their favorite poems, essays and books, or even personal letters they wrote to their loved ones.Just as the weekly show has been wellreceived, its reading booths, equipped with professional recording devices and cameras, have become instant hits.
A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4 — the first day of the booth's opening to the public in Shanghai.The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5：30 pm, as the number of waiting readers continued to grow.Some waited more than nine hours for a tryout in the booth, according to library management.
“There is an old photo in the late 1970s capturing people lining up outside the Shanghai Library before it opens.If that was a spring of reading in Shanghai, now I think another spring has arrived again，” library manager Zhou Deming, told The Paper.
The reading booth is the only one of its kind in the city of economic center at the moment, but more are expected to be put into use in the coming months, according to the library's website.
The program has also led to booths in other cities including Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Xi'an to appeal to more people to read and share their life stories.
With the recent boom of culturethemed TV shows such as Readers and Chinese Poetry Congress, some are optimistic that this will help the country love literature and reading again in general.
语篇解读：随着CCTV的《朗读者》节目受到人们的欢迎，全国范围开始刮起了“读书风”。各大城市纷纷建立“朗读亭”，人们阅读的热情也越来越高。
5．The CCTV program Readers aims to ________.
A．teach people what to read
B．attract people's attention to CCTV
C．invite people to read aloud in the booth
D．arouse people's enthusiasm for reading
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“As the latest TV show ...loved ones.”可知，《朗读者》旨在帮助人们重燃对文学及阅读的热情，故D项正确。
6．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A．some people waited for a long time to read in the booth
B．March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai Library
C．on March 4, 200 people read in the booth
D．the time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Some waited more than nine hours for a tryout in the booth, according to library management.”可知，有些人为了能在“朗读亭”里朗读，等了九个多小时。故A项正确。
7．The passage mainly tells that ________.
A．many people line up to read aloud in reading booths
B．more reading booths will be set up in the future
C．Readers has become popular all over China
D．Readers has inspired more people to read aloud in reading booths
解析：选D 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了随着电视节目《朗读者》的流行，“朗读亭”也逐渐兴起，人们的阅读热情得到了极大的激发，故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
When winter comes, it is very cold and people are thinking of ways to stay warm and safe. In fact, here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to stay warm. Think of COLD.
The letter C stands for cover. __1__ Wear a hat and a coat to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck and ears. And wear good gloves to keep your hands warm. Fingers can be easily hurt in the freezing weather.
The O stands for overexertion (用力过度). Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination. __2__ But after the game, you should put on your clothes or change your wet clothes as soon as possible or you may catch a cold.
L is for layers (层). Wearing loose, light clothes, one layer on top of another, is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Make sure outerwear is made of material that is waterfree and tightly knitted (织). __3__
D is for dry. In other words, stay as dry as possible. __4__ These places include the tops of boots and the necks of coats.
And here are two other things to keep in mind — one for children and the other for adults. __5__ Drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm, but what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat.
A．This material can make your outwear warmer.
B．The person may suffer a lot if he can't receive help.
C．When you play the game, you don't wear many clothes.
D．It mainly happens on your hands, feet, nose and ears.
E．It means you should cover your body in the cold weather.
F．Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing.
G．Playing with snow might be fun but it lowers the body temperature.
语篇解读：本文介绍了在冬天几种保暖的方法。
1．选E 根据上文“The letter C stands for cover.”可知，E项“这就意味着在寒冷的天气里要把自己包裹起来”与上文衔接紧密，符合逻辑，故选E。
2．选C 根据下文“But after the game, you should put on your clothes ...”可知，C项“当你们做运动的时候，你们不会穿很多衣服”衔接下文，符合逻辑，故选C。
3．选A 根据上文“Make sure outerwear is made of material that is waterfree and tightly knitted(织)．”可知，A项“这种材料可以让你的外套更暖和”衔接上文，符合逻辑，故选A。
4．选F 根据下文“These places include the tops of boots and the necks of coats.”可知，F项中的“the places”与“These places”相呼应，故选F。
5．选G 根据上文“And here are two other things to keep in mind — one for children and the other for adults.”可知，G项“玩雪很有趣但是它会降低人的体温”是给孩子的忠告，空格后一句是给大人的建议，符合逻辑，故选G。
本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/992b5f0d842458fb770bf78a6529647d26283412.html
文档为doc格式