动词分类与谓语动词
【知识点睛】
一、动词种类
情态动词用法:
没有人称和数的变化;
不能单独作谓语,后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分;
变否定,情态动词后直接加not;
变疑问,情态动词直接提前。
can & could
表_________ He can speak English.
He could ride a bike when he was 7.
He is so young that he can’t look after himself.
He couldn’t write when he was only 2.
I will be able to speak German fluently someday.
表_________ Can you pass me some paper?
Could you please tell me where the bookstore is?
You can go now.
表_________ —Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?
—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York.
may & might
表_________ —May I know your name?
—Might I know your name?
—Yes, you __________.
—No, you __________.
You may go now.
表__________ She may know the answer, but I’m not sure.
—Have you decided where to go for your weekend?
—Not yet. We may go to Qingdao.
must & have to
___________ The movie is boring. I must go now.
Drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule.
My mother called me. I have to go now.
—Dad, must I practice the piano today?
—Yes, you _______.
—No, you ______./ No, you don’t have to. You may do it tomorrow.
___________ You mustn’t nip off the flowers.
You don’t have to be in a hurry.
(没必要)
表_________ —Whose notebook is this?
—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.
He must have known the truth.
need
___________ You need not get here early.
—Need I repeat it?
—Yes, you ______./ No, you _______.
___________ She needs a dictionary to help her study.
I need to make a phone call.
The room needs cleaning.
情态动词表推测——一肯,一否,三个不一定
—Whose notebook is this?
—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.
—Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?
—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York.
She may/might/could know the answer, but I’m not sure.
情态动词+现在完成时
1、表对过去的猜测、可能性
①must have done“一定做了…”用于肯定句,语气最强。
The light is off. He must have slept.
②may/ might have done可能做了…,语气弱,可能性小。其否定式意为“可能不…”,如:He might not have been in. 他可能不在家。might比may可能性更小。
③can (could) not have done“不可能做了…”,语气强,can, could也可用于疑问句,表可能性,如:Could he have left?
2、表示虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,“本来应该”而“没有…”。
①should (ought to) have done. 本来应该做,而没做到 如:
You should have asked him for help. (事实上没求他帮忙)
②could have done 本来能够…,如:He could have passed the exam. (结果没通过)
③might have done 本来可以…
④needn’t have done 本来没必要…
You needn’t have taken a taxi. It is not far. (事实上坐出租车了)
had better have done sth. 用于事后的建议,含轻微的责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”。
表示would rather have done sth.“当时宁愿做了某事”,表示“后悔”的意思。
should, ought to, could, might, had better, would rather也可用于否定句式,意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。
二、时态
(一)时态分类
(二)各个时态的用法(详细用法请参考附录1)
一般现在时:反复性 规律性 经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现
一般过去时:过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯
一般将来时:将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来
过去将来时:从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would + v.)
现在进行时:此时此刻、现阶段
过去进行时:过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生
现在完成时:过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来
过去完成时:过去的过去
—____the film before?
—Yes. I ___it the day before yesterday.
A. Have you seen; saw
B. Did you see; have seen
C. Have you seen; have seen
D. Have you seen; was seeing
(三)易混时态区分:一般过去时VS现在完成时
—___________(see) the film the day before yesterday ?
—Yes, I _____________(see) it already. It is really interesting.
(四)完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总
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