习惯上后接to do sth和of doing sth的常见名词

习惯上后接to do sth和of doing sth的常见名词

 1. ability 能力，才能

按传统语法，要表示“做某事的能力”，ability后面习惯上要接不定式。如：

Hardy had the ability to see this. 哈代有能力看到这一点。

I’m sure of his ability to cope with this. 我肯定他有能力应付此事。

His ability to get on with people is his chief asset. 他与人融洽相处的能力是他的主要资本。

但是，在现代英语中，ability后面也可接 of doing sth，虽然不如接不定式普遍。如：

I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羡慕他工作做得快。

2. ambition 雄心，抱负，夙愿

表示“想做某事的雄心”，其后通常接不定式。如：

She realized her ambition to succeed as an artist. 她实现了成为艺术家的抱负。

His parents do not sympathize with his ambition to be an actor. 他父母不赞成他当演员的志愿。

有时也接of doing sth，但不如接不定式的情形普通。如：

She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer. 她一直没有实现当名作家的夙愿。

My family is right behind me in my ambition to become [of becoming] a doctor. 我们家对我立志当医生完全支持。

3. challenge 挑战

按传统语法，要表示“做某事的挑战”“挑战做某事”，challenge后习惯上要接不定式。如：

I took up his challenge to run a race. 我接受他提出和我赛跑的挑战。

He accepted his friend’s challenge to swim across the river. 他接受朋友的挑战，比赛游过河去。

但是，在现代英语中，名词challenge后面有时也可后接of doing sth作定语，虽然不如接不定式普遍。如：

Ms Garvey now faces the challenge of improving the city’s public transportation system. 加维女士目前正面临着改善该市公共交通运输系统的挑战。

4. chance 机会；可能性

(1) 表示做某事的机会，chance（可数或不可数）后面可接不定式作定语，也可接of doing sth作定语。如：

It is a good chance to study [of studying] English. 这是学习英语的好机会。

Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个机会来让我解释一下。

She grabbed the chance to work for the company and accepted the job immediately. 她抓住机会，立即接受了这个职位，为这家公司工作。

(2) 表示做某事的可能性，chance（不可数）后面通常接 of doing sth，很少接不定式。如：

They should have a good chance of winning the competition.  他们应该很有可能赢得比赛。

To be frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam. 说实在的，我认为你儿子这次考试及格的可能性不大。

5. determination 决心，决定

(1) 若泛指做某事的决心或决定，其后通常接不定式作定语。如：

She had a determination to go abroad. 她决心出国。

(2) 若特指（如有定冠词或物主代词修饰）某人做某事的决心或决定，其后可接动词不定式或of doing sth（但远不如接不定式普通）。如：

The president underlined his determination to pursue the rebels. 总统强调了他追捕叛乱分子的决心。

This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave. 最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心。

He came with the determination to stay [of staying] only one week. 他来的时候决定只留一个星期。

6. favour 善行，恩惠

表示“善行”和“恩惠”的具体内容，其后可接不定式或of doing sth。如：

Do me the favour to open the window. / Do me the favour of opening the window. 劳驾请把窗户打开。

但在in favour of doing sth（赞成做某事）中，不用不定式。如：

I am in favour of going to the theatre. 我赞成去看戏。

Are you in favour of soaking the rich? 你赞成向富人多征税吗?

They decided in favour of reducing the fees. 他们决定减低费用。

7. honour 荣幸，荣誉

表示“有幸做某事”“荣幸地做某事”，说成英语通常是have the honour of doing sth。如：

She has the honor of being given an award. 她荣幸地被授予奖学金。

The mayor has the honor of introducing the President to the audience. 市长荣幸地把总统介绍给观众。

She has the singulalr honor of winning the Nobel Prize in chemistry. 她享有获得诺贝尔化学奖的特殊荣誉。

有时也用have the honour to do sth，但远不如用上面的结构普通。如：

I have the honour to introduce Mr Jones. 我很荣幸地介绍琼斯先生。

8. intention 想法，打算

(1) 受物主代词修饰时，其后通常接不定式作定语。如：

She announced her intention to resign. 她宣布了辞职的打算。

The council has announced its intention to crack down on parking offences. 市政会宣布了打击违章停车的计划。

偶尔也接of doing sth，但不如接不定式普通。如：

Megan suddenly announced her intention of selling the house. 梅甘突然宣布她计划卖掉房子。

(2) 当其前有定冠词修饰时，通常用不定式。如：

The intention by the local authority to build 2,000 new houses is unrealistic. 当地政府修建2000座新房舍的打算不切实际。

但在with the intention of doing sth这一结构中一般不用不定式。如：

They went into town with the intention of visiting the library. 他们进城的目的是去参观图书馆。

(3) 当其前有no, every或最高级修饰时（其中的no可视为“无”的极限，every可视为“所有”的极限——均可视为一种间接的最高级），其后通常接of doing sth，一般不接不定式。如：

I have no intention of changing jobs. 我无意变换工作。

We have every intention of winning this competition. 我们一心想赢得这场比赛。

(4) 当其前有any修饰时，用不定式或of doing均可以。如：

In a television interview last night she denied she had any intention of resigning. 在昨晚对她的一次采访中，她否认有辞职的打算。

The newspaper denies any intention to defame the senator’s reputation. 报纸否认有意要中伤这位参议员的名声。

9. liberty 自由

表示“做某事的自由”，其后通常接不定式。如：

The system allows us complete liberty to do the task as we like. 这一体制让我们完全自由地按照自己的方法完成任务。

用于at liberty（自由的）时，也通常后接不定式。如：

He is not at liberty to reveal secret information. 他无权透露秘密。

You are at liberty to go where you wish. 你可以想去哪儿就去哪儿。

All people are at liberty to express his opinion. 所有人都可以发表自己的意见。

但是，在固定搭配take the liberty of doing sth（擅自或冒昧做某事物）中，不用不定式。如：

I took the liberty of cancelling your reservation. 我擅自取消了你的预订。

He took the liberty of reading my files while I was away. 我不在的时候他擅自看了我的文件。

10. misfortune 不幸，灾祸

在现代英语中，名词misfortune后既可接不定式，也可接of doing sth（虽然不如接不定式的用法普通）。如：

They had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴。

He’s the most irritating man I’ve ever had the misfortune to meet. 他是我不幸碰到的最讨厌的人。

注：在传统语法中，名词misfortune后要接不定式，而不接of doing sth，但在现代英语中已打破这一习惯。

11. necessity 必要，迫切需要

其后既可接不定式，也可接of doing sth，表示做某事的必要或需要。如：

He felt a great necessity to talk about his problems. 他觉得很有必要谈谈自己的问题。

She saw the necessity to make an immediate impression on him. 她意识到必须立刻给他留下印象。

We were discussing the necessity of employing more staff. 我们在讨论是否需要雇用更多员工。

This illustrates the necessity of keeping accurate records of your work. 这说明有必要准确记录你的工作情况。

用于固定句式under the necessity of doing sth（被迫做某事），without the necessity of doing sth（不必做某事）等，通常采用of doing sth这样的后置修饰语。如：

She was under the necessity of selling all her jewellery. 她被迫变卖了她所有的珠宝。

You can dial direct without the necessity of going through the operator. 你不必通过接线员，可以直接拨号。

12. right 权利，权力

表示做某事的权利，其后通常接不定式，但也可接of doing sth。如：

Associate members do not have the right to vote. 准会员没有选举权。

He demanded the right to decide for himself. 他要求得到自己做决定的权力。

The producers reserve the right to cancel the outdoor concert if it rains. 演出者保留取消雨天举办户外音乐会的权利。

We have the sole right of selling the article. 我们有独家出售该物品的权利。

You have the [a] right to keep [of keeping] silent. 你有权保持沉默。

13. way 方式，方法

表示做某事的方法，way后面既可接不定式，也可接of doing sth。如：

It’s the best way of studying [to study] English. 这是学习英语的最好方法。

There are different ways to do [of doing] it. 做这事有不同的办法。

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