2019届高三英语一轮复习 Unit 5 First aid练习 新人教版必修5

2019届高三英语一轮复习 Unit 5 First aid练习 新人教版必修5

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2016·烟台3月诊断)Donating blood is a simple thing to do, but it can make a big difference in the lives of others. The donation process from the time you arrive until the time you leave takes about an hour. The donation itself is only about 8－10 minutes on average. The steps in the process are：

Step 1: Registration

1．Our staff and volunteers will sign you in and go over basic eligibility (资格) and donation information.

2．You will read information about donating blood, and will be asked to show a donor card, driver's license, or other form(s) of ID.

Step 2: Health History & Mini­Physical

1．You will answer some questions during a private and confidential interview about your health history and places you have traveled.

2．We will check your temperature, pulse, blood pressure and hemoglobin (血红蛋白) level present in a sample of blood.

Step 3: The Donation

1．We will clean an area on your arm and insert a brand new clean needle for the blood draw. This feels like a quick pain and is over in seconds.

2．The actual donation takes about 8－10 minutes, during which you will be seated comfortably. Certain donation types, such as platelets (血小板) or red cells can take up to 2 hours.

3．When approximately a pint of blood has been collected, the donation is complete and a staff person will place a bandage on your arm.

Step 4: Refreshments

1．After donating, you should have a snack and something to drink in the refreshments area. You can leave the site after 10－15 minutes and continue with your normal daily activities.

2．Enjoy the feeling of accomplishment knowing that you have helped save lives.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍献血的四个步骤：登记、询问和检查健康情况、献血及献血之后的恢复。

1. Which of the following can be a proper title for the passage?

A．The process of blood donation

B．The benefits of blood donation

C．The importance of blood donation

D．The preparations for blood donation

解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文中心句为第一段最后一句“The steps in the process are：”；且由下文四个步骤可知，本文主要介绍献血的四个步骤。故选A。

2．During the Registration, a blood donor will be asked to ________.

A．go over his basic donation information

B．show something to prove his identity

C．answer some questions about his health history

D．have his temperature and blood pressure checked

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Step 1: Registration部分第二点可知，在登记的时候，献血者会被要求出示相关证件来证明自己的身份。故选B。

3．What is the right order of the events in Step 3?

a．clean an area on the donor's arm

b．let the donor sit comfortably

c．place a bandage on the donor's arm

d．draw the blood

e．insert a needle

A．a, b, d, e, c　　　 B．b, a, c, e, d

C．c, b, a, e, d D．b, a, e, d, c

解析：选D　事件排序题。根据Step 3: The Donation部分的内容可知，献血的顺序为：让献血者坐下→清洁献血者胳膊上某个地方→插入干净的针头→进行抽血→抽血之后用绷带包扎献血者的胳膊。故选D。

B

Whether it's to help their dogs or themselves, about half of all Americans surveyed in a recent poll (民意测验) say they exercise regularly. According to the poll, most people walk for exercise a few times a week. About a third say they walk every day.

But are they kidding themselves to think a walk is really helping them? Should we all be running or jogging if we want to count that activity as good for us? Dr. Tim Church, who studies the effects of physical activity at Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center, made a study about that.

Church headed a study with 464 postmenopausal (绝经后的) women who, for six months, came into the lab to walk a treadmill (跑步机) while researchers watched.

The first group walked for 73 minutes a week, the second 136 minutes a week and the third 190 minutes weekly. These women were walking slowly, and could easily carry on a conversation.

“Surprisingly, the group that was only walking for 73 minutes a week slowly benefited a lot，” Church says. They say they've gotten more physically active from walking. They haven't necessarily lost weight, but their pants fit differently. It's because they have less belly fat, he says, which is a very good thing. This document from the American Heart Association lists dozens of studies showing similar benefits from walking.

And in Church's study, participants gained more than physical benefits. They also gained benefits like less anxiety and fewer symptoms of depression. They also discovered something many of us long for: more energy.

“It wasn't a dose­response (剂量效应) — as in, ‘the more exercise you did, the more your energy increased，’”Church says. “Actually, all three exercise groups increased their levels of energy the same.”

语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章通过研究证明散步有益健康，并且运动量和强度与受益程度不成正比。

4．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．If people should walk the dog.

B．The effect of running or jogging.

C．If people need to exercise hard to benefit.

D．The importance of doing exercise regularly.

解析：选C　代词指代题。由第二段开头的“But are they kidding themselves ... as good for us？”及下文的研究可推断，画线词指代人们是否必须做高强度的运动才能受益。

5．The three groups in Church's study ________.

A．were of different ages

B．were required to walk slowly

C．were in different physical condition

D．were required to do different exercises

解析：选B　细节理解题。由第四段末的“These women were walking slowly, and could easily carry on a conversation.”可知。

6．At the end of Church's study, women in the first group ________.

A．lost weight　　　　　 B．lost belly fat

C．benefited little D．benefited the most

解析：选B　细节理解题。由第五段中的“... their pants fit differently. It's because they have less belly fat ...”可知。

7．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

A．Walking may make people feel anxious.

B．People should do as much exercise as possible.

C．Walking benefits people physically and mentally.

D．People should do exercise when they feel energetic.

解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后两段可知，研究的参与者通过步行不仅减掉了腹部脂肪，而且精神更健康，精力更充沛。故C项正确。

C

Recently, my teenage son gave me a great insight into my writing career. He plays the online multiplayer game Minecraft, in which players build vast structures while battling the occasional zombie at night.

“How do you win the game？” I asked him.

He rolled his eyes, the way only teens can.

“There is no winning the game, mom，” he said. “It's about the experience. It's all about the journey.”

Well said, Evan. I so often forget this truth.

In writing, there is no arriving. There's always the drive to write a better article, blog post, poem, or novel, next time. There is no “done”．

What sights do you want to see on your journey? Where do you want to be sure to go? These are the questions I'm asking myself as I consider my plans for next year.

If we've written well, what we leave behind will be part of our legacy, hopefully helping others long after we're gone. I find that thought comforting.

You could make your way to new signatures in magazines, or even to new places on the map. I have a friend who was flown to Denmark to meet with Lego because they liked his writing. I recently read about a woman whose writing got her a position in Singapore from Coca­Cola.

So here's a writing journey for all of us that's full of breathtaking sights, unexpected turns, wonderful friends, and opportunities to grow and improve our craft.

As we enter the new year, I'm going to try to remember my writing­career focus — the places I want to be sure to visit on my way. Most of all, I'm going to work on letting go of my feelings of “falling behind” or not being “there” yet, and try to enjoy every moment of my wonderful writer's life.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了写作重要的不是结果，而是过程，我们应享受写作过程中的每一刻。

8．What got the author thinking about her writing career?

A．Her son's playing games online.

B．Her son's words.

C．Her experience of a journey.

D．Her son's winning the game.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第四段两句可推知，作者儿子的话使她重新思考自己的写作生涯。故答案选B。

9．The author mentioned Lego and Coca­Cola to show that ________.

A．writings should appeal to companies

B．there are great writers in well­known companies

C．writers should go to new places on the map

D．great writers can make a difference

解析：选D　推理判断题。第一个例子是指，作者的朋友飞到丹麦去见乐高公司的员工，因为他们喜欢他的作品；第二个例子是指，一位妇女的写作作品使得她在新加坡的可口可乐公司获得了一席之地；由此并结合倒数第二段可推知，作者提到Lego和Coca­Cola旨在说明伟大的作家能够产生重要影响。故答案选D。

10．What is the author's most important plan for next year?

A．To treasure every moment in the course of writing.

B．To remember her writing­career focus.

C．To visit some places to promote her writing.

D．Not to fall behind others.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者明年最重要的计划是珍惜和享受写作过程中的每一刻。故答案选A。

11．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．My Smart Son

B．My Writing Career

C．The Writing Journey Matters

D．My Son Teaches Me Much

解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，儿子的话使作者领悟到写作过程才是最重要的，并且她打算今后要珍惜写作过程中的每一刻。C项“写作过程很重要”概括了文章大意，适合做标题。故答案选C。

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e­mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word­of­mouth communication — e­mails, Web posts and reviews, face­to­face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative (消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e­mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non­science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在晚间广播或者早报上，不好的新闻有卖点，流血的新闻占头条。但是研究表明，在电子邮件或者网络新闻中，人们更喜欢有积极意义或者有趣的新闻。

12．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

A．News reports.　　　　 B．Research papers.

C．Private e­mails. D．Daily conversations.

解析：选A　细节理解题。从第一段中的“Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.”可知，这样的情况出现在新闻报道中。

13．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A．They're socially inactive.

B．They're good at telling stories.

C．They're inconsiderate of others.

D．They're careful with their words.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，与朋友分享故事时你更加注意他们的反应，不想让他们觉得你是Debbie Downer那样的人。因此Debbie Downer是不考虑他人感受的人。

14．Which tended to be the most e­mailed according to Dr. Berger's research?

A．Sports news. B．Science articles.

C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“... was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non­science articles.”可知，科学类文章是读者转发推荐最多的。

15．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B．Online News Attracts More People

C．Reading Habits Change with the Times

D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

解析：选D　标题归纳题。全文讲述了好消息在社交网络媒体中传播得更快更深远的现实，这打破了传统媒体中坏消息传播得又快又广的惯例，正面的新闻更容易被分享。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2017·石家庄高三第一次模拟考试)

How to Avoid an Internet Addiction

While it may seem like everyone surfs the web these days, there is a fine line between casually checking your social media pages and having a full blown Internet addiction. If you fear that you may lose interest in other aspects of your life because you prefer to be on the Internet, you may be on your way to an Internet addiction. __1__

Admit you are at risk of an addiction.

More and more people in the world are becoming addicted to the Internet. You are not the only one with this problem, and it is becoming more and more common and more and more well known. __2__

Set aside limited time for computer use.

Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week. If you have a laptop, make sure to put it somewhere that you can remember but not somewhere that you see every day. Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it. __3__ If you have a desktop PC, try not to go near it or put something over it like a sheet.

Call people instead of sending instant messages or texts.

If you are free on weekends, call friends and ask them to go outside. This will distract you from the computer. __4__

Use an alarm clock or timer.

Before using your computer, decide on a time limit such as 30 minutes. Set the clock or timer and make sure that you get off the computer when the time is up. Alternatively create a shutdown timer on your desktop. __5__

A．Make a small list of what you want to do within that time.

B．When the computer is not looking at you, you are less likely to use it.

C．This can be programmed to shut down your computer after the set time.

D．Luckily, there are ways to avoid living your life in front of the computer.

E．This will stop you from using the Internet so often or going on to another page.

F．If you have a problem on weekdays, phone your friends or ask for help in person.

G．Do not be embarrassed; find others with the same problem and help each other beat it.

语篇解读：网瘾会给人们的生活带来很大的影响，本文就如何避免网瘾提出了建议。

1．选D　上文谈到网瘾会导致你对生活的其他方面失去兴趣，下文的几条建议则是有关如何避免网瘾的，D项对全文起着承上启下的作用。

2．选G　本段的主旨是“Admit you are at risk of an addiction”，再结合本段讲述的“越来越多的人有网瘾，这是一个普遍现象”可知，选G项“不要觉得不好意思，找到和你一样有网瘾的人，互相帮助去战胜网瘾”。

3．选B　根据空前的“Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it.”可知，作者建议你不用电脑时，把它合上，故选B项“看不到电脑时，你用它的可能性就小”。

4．选F　本段的主题是“给朋友打电话而不是在网上发信息”，上文的“call friends and ask them to go outside”与F项中的“phone your friends or ask for help in person”，还有上文的“on weekends”与F项中的“on weekdays”前后呼应。

5．选C　本段的主题是“Use an alarm clock or timer”，作者建议使用闹钟或定时器来限制上网的时间，空前的“shutdown timer”与C项中的“shut down your computer after the set time”相对应。

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