2020高考英语刷题冲刺双一流系列:(题型突破)专题十一特殊句式

发布时间:2020-03-28 19:04:56   来源:文档文库   
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专题十一 特殊句式

考点1  

部分倒装 ★★★

典例1 "Never for a second," the boy says,"    I doubt that my father would come to my rescue." 

考查部分倒装和动词时态。句意:那个男孩说:"我爸爸会来救我的,对此我片刻也没有怀疑过。"表示否定意义的词never位于句首,句子要用部分倒装;结合句中的would可知,直接引语中的主句应用一般过去时,因此助动词用did

did

典例2      by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 

句意:只有把医生的人数增加50%,该院的病人才能得到合适的治疗。句中的情态动词can提到了主语之前,由此可知,此句采用了部分倒装结构。"only+状语"位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,故此处填Only

Only

典例3 —How was the weather then?

—Hardly     I stepped off the plane when it started to rain. 

句意:——当时的天气怎么样?——我刚下飞机就开始下雨了。由题干中的关键词Hardlywhen及句意可判断出答语属于Hardlywhen结构,从句用了一般过去时,那么主句要用过去完成时;又因Hardly位于句首,所以主句用部分倒装结构。

had

典例4 So difficult     I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 

"sothat"结构中,"so+形容词/副词"置于句首时,主句采用部分倒装;又因that引导的从句中用一般过去时,所以主句也用一般过去时。

did

考点2  

强调句型 ★★★

典例5 It was with the help of the local guide   the mountain climber was rescued. 

考查强调句型的基本结构。句意:那位登山者是在当地向导的帮助下获救的。题干为强调句型,判断方式是将题干中的It was和空格去掉,剩余部分(with the help of the local guide, the mountain climber was rescued)在结构和意义上都是完整的。而且此处强调的是状语,所以空格处应用that构成强调句型的基本框架。

that

典例6 Was it because Jack came late for school    Mr. Smith got angry?  

句意:史密斯先生是因为杰克上学迟到而生气的吗?从句子结构上看,本句使用了强调句型的一般疑问式,被强调的是原因状语从句,因此本空填that

that

考点3 祈使句

祈使句的形式 ★★★

典例7 [2019四川成都一诊,70]Ready to play?     (find)your nearest session using the map below. 

根据语境并分析句子结构可知,此处是"动词原形+其他"结构的祈使句,应以动词原形开头,且动词位于句首,其首字母应大写。

Find

祈使句表示假设的情况 ★★★

典例8     (look) at the photos and title, and you will guess what the reading is about. 

句意:看一下图片和题目,你就会猜出阅读材料是关于什么的。结合句意及句中的and(第二个)可知,该词前的部分是一个完整的句子,且表示条件;分析句子结构不难看出and(第二个)前是一个祈使句,整个句子属于"祈使句+and+陈述句"结构,故填Look

Look

考点4 感叹句

典例9 The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.     a dangerous scene it was

分析句子结构可知此处为感叹句,属于"What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语"结构,故用What

What

通关秘籍

三招破解what/how型感叹句

  第一招:找不定冠词a/an如果句中出现了不定冠词a/an,且冠词位于形容词之前,那么这个感叹句通常由what引导;若不定冠词位于形容词之后,则用how

  第二招:找形容词。如果句中有形容词,且这个形容词后直接跟名词,那么这个感叹句通常由what引导。

  第三招:找副词/动词。如果被修饰词是副词/动词,那么感叹句就要由how来引导。

考点5 其他句型

省略 ★★☆

定语从句中的省略

典例10 The way     he thought of to do the experiment was similar to the way    you carried it out. 

句意:他想出的做这个实验的方法与你做这个实验所用的方法相似。分析句子结构可知,"    he thought of to do the experiment"为定语从句,先行词为The way,关系词在从句中作宾语,所以第一空可用that/which,that/which可省略;"    you carried it out"也为定语从句,先行词为the way,关系词在从句中作状语,故可用that/in which,也可省略。 

that/which;that/in which

宾语从句中的省略

典例11 The report says the Internet is developing rapidly, and    the world’s information superhighway is already beginning to take shape. 

分析句子结构可知,says后接了两个宾语从句,第一个宾语从句省略了引导词that;第二个宾语从句的引导词仅起连接作用,无词义且不作成分,故应用that,that不能省略。

that

反意疑问句 ★☆☆

反意疑问句的答语

典例12 —You won’t listen to him, will you?

—No,I     .I don’t think he is right. 

句意: "你不会听他的,是吗?""是的,我不会,我认为他不对。"根据答语中的"I don’t think he is right"可知填won’t,注意此处No应译为"是的"

won’t

变反意疑问句时应注意的问题

典例13 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you,     I

句意:我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快,是吗?陈述部分是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句,

问部分的主语和谓语一般要与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。题干主句为"I told them",故疑问部分用didn’t I

didn’t

考法

考法1 考查祈使句

典例14 [2016甲卷(全国),70]It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is,     (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 

分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句;其中第二个分句中的whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make

make

考法总结 在解答该题时,分析句子结构非常重要。因为该句中whatever引导让步状语从句,所以其后应是主句,而祈使句可充当主句,非谓语动词(短语)则不可以。

考法2 考查强调句型

典例15 [2017天津,11]It was when I got back to my apartment     I first came across my new neighbors. 

句意:正是在我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到了新邻居。分析句子结构可知,本句使用了强调句式,强调when引导的时间状语从句,因此填that

that

考法总结 设空处无提示词,去掉It was和空格后,句子结构和意义仍然完整,即可确定此句用了强调句式,故填that

考法3 考查倒装

典例16 [2015天津,3]Only when Lily walked into the

office     she realize that she had left the contract at home. 

句意:直到走进办公室,莉莉才意识到她把合同落在了家里。"Only+ 状语从句"置于句首时,主句要部分倒装;根据状语从句中的walkedrealize后宾语从句中的had left可知,主句应用一般过去时。故填助动词did

did

考法总结 "Only+状语从句"置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,再结合前面从句的时态可知应用一般过去时。掌握了倒装句式,并将其应用于书面表达中,会大大提升文章的档次。

冲刺双一流

难点1 强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别

典例17 It was in the company     I worked two years ago    I met a foreigner. 

考查强调句型和定语从句。句意:正是在我两年前工作过的公司我见到了一个外国人。分析句子结构可知,题干"It was in the company ...     I met a foreigner"是强调句,强调的是地点状语in the company,company后有一个定语从句"    I worked two years ago",先行词是company,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故第一空用where;第二空用that构成强调句型的基本框架。 

where; that

难点2 反意疑问句前后两部分的主语在人称和数上保持一致的几种情况

典例18 Everyone has done their best in the game,    

当陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone),nobody(no one),everybody(everyone),疑问部分的主语用hethey;再结合"前肯定后否定"的原则和句中的their可知答案。

haven’t they

方法1 固定句式思维法

典例19 Could it be in the restaurant     you had dinner with me yesterday     you lost your handbag

句意:你会不会把手提包丢在昨天我们一起吃晚饭的饭店里了?第一空用where引导定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语;第二空用that构成强调句型的基本框架。

where; that

方法2 标志识别法

典例20 Not until the motorbike looked almost new     he stop repairing and cleaning it. 

句意:直到摩托车看起来几乎像新的时,他才停止修理和清洗它。not until位于句首时,主句要部分倒装;再结合"looked"可知时态为一般过去时,故此处填助动词did

did

典例21 Just in front of our house     (stand)a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years. 

表示地点的介词短语Just in front of our house置于句首,且句子的主语为名词短语,句子要完全倒装,即主语a tall tree要放在谓语之后。本空填standsstood

stands/stood

真题检测

1.[2018天津,14]It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house    we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 

2.[2016天津,13]You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel     the coach picks up tourists. 

3.[2016江苏,34]Not until recently     they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 

4.[2015湖南,21]It was when we were returning home     I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 

5.[2015湖南,23]Only after talking to two students     I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 

6.[2015重庆,9]Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century     his musical gift was fully recognized. 

7.[2014湖南,29]Only when you can find peace in your heart     you keep good relationships with others. 

8.[2014陕西,17]No sooner    Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 

9.[2014福建,29]It was the culture, rather than the language,     made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 

10.[2013新课标全国,10]It was only after he had read the papers     Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. 

11.[2013湖南,35]Not once    it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. 

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